Stitch band ceramics

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Stichbandkeramik, Gunzenhausen Archaeological Museum

The stitch band ceramics (technical abbreviation SBK) is an archaeological culture of the Neolithic in Central Europe. It follows the culture of linear ceramics and dates between 4900 and 4500 BC. In the structure of Jens Lüning this corresponds to the Middle Neolithic , in other regional structures ( Central Germany , Silesia, Poland ) it still corresponds to the Early Neolithic .

Like the culture of linear ceramics , the culture of stitching ceramics is named after the technique used to decorate the ceramics: The individual motifs, angular bands and vertical and horizontal lines are composed of many grooves using a multi-pronged device.

Stitch band ceramics and the wider cultural environment or their origins

distribution

With the end of linear ceramics, a trend towards the increased formation of regional groups becomes tangible. The culture of stitch band ceramics is widespread in Bavaria, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bohemia, Moravia, Austria and southern Poland. To the west of the Lech and Main rivers , other Middle Neolithic cultures followed the linear ceramics: the Hinkelstein culture , the Großgartacher culture and the Rössen culture .

While the early linear ceramics were relatively uniform in terms of ceramics, house building and tool inventory, stitch ceramics are strongly regionalized. In the course of its development, it splits up into further regional groups: In Bavaria, for example, the Oberlauterbach group can be found , while to the east of it the Bohemian stitching ceramics are widespread and, like the Polish stitching ceramics, show a clear influence of the Lengyel culture .

Ceramics

Bottles, vats , bowls, bowls and bag-like vessels can be found in the ceramic inventory of the stitched ceramics . They are often covered with the characteristic stitch decoration. In addition, there are sometimes plastic decorations in the form of knobs, eyelets and plastic ribbons. Particularly characteristic are handles that are pulled upwards and are called horn handles. Anthropomorphic sculptures are also sporadically proven, for example from a settlement near Untermixnitz, community of Weitersfeld .

House building

In contrast to the straight long house of the linear ceramics , the houses in the stitching ceramics have slightly bulged long sides or, especially in Poland, a trapezoidal floor plan, but still reach considerable lengths (up to 40 m). The houses are post structures, but the roof load is mainly borne by the walls. The walls were made of wickerwork with clay plastering between the support posts, which are often set twice.

literature

Stitched ceramics from Bad Frankenhausen, Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Thuringia (Weimar)
  • Peter Bayerlein : The Oberlauterbach group in Niederbayern Lassleben, Kallmünz 1985, ISBN 3-7847-5053-2 , ( material booklets on Bavarian prehistory, series A 53).
  • Florian Eibl: The Bavarian group of stitch band ceramics and the Oberlauterbach group - on the state of research. Fines Transire Volume 20, 2011, 79–100. (PDF download) (accessed October 9, 2012)
  • Dieter Kaufmann: Economy and culture of the stitch band ceramists in western Central Germany . State Museum for Prehistory, Halle / Saale 1976, ( Publications of the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle 30, ISSN  0072-940X ), (At the same time: Halle, Univ., Diss., 1973).
  • Dieter Kaufmann: The stitch band ceramics in the Saale area. SBORNIK PRACI FILOZOFICKE FAKULTY BRNENSKE UNIVERZITY, STUDIA MINOHA FACULTATIS PHILOSOPHICAE, UNIVERSITATIS BRUNENSIS E 20-21 (1975-1976) SYMPOZIUM TESETICE-KYJOVICE 1974
  • Eva Lenneis : The stitch band ceramics and their relationship to Lengyel culture . In: Bohuslav Chropovský (ed.): International Symposium on Lengyel Culture. Nové Vozokany November 5-9, 1984 . Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Nitra, Nitra et al. 1986, pp. 163–168.
  • Hermann Maurer : An engraved ceramic cult object from Lower Austria . In: Mannus 54, 1988, ISSN  0025-2360 , pp. 276ff.
  • Hermann Maurer: Archaeological evidence of religious ideas and practices of the early and middle Neolithic in Lower Austria . In: Idols. Art and cult in the Waldviertel 7000 years ago . Exhibition by the city of Horn in the Höbarthmuseum, June 6 to November 2, 1998, March 28 to November 2, 1999. Museum Association in Horn, Horn 1998, pp. 23–138.
  • Ernst Probst : Germany in the Stone Age . C. Bertelsmann, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-570-02669-8 .
  • Wlodzimierz Wojciechowski: The beginnings of the Lengyel culture and its contacts with the ceramics culture in the Upper Silesian loess zone . In: Bohuslav Chropovský (ed.): International Symposium on Lengyel Culture. Nové Vozokany November 5-9, 1984 . Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Nitra, Nitra et al. 1986, pp. 323–331.
  • Andrea Wolf-Schuler : Investigations into the chronology and structural development of culture with stitch band ceramics (= university research on prehistoric archeology. Volume 171). Habelt, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-7749-3636-2 .
  • Maria Zápotocká: The stitch band ceramics at the time of the late Lengyel horizon . In: Studijné zvesti Archeologického Ústavu Slovenskej Akadémie Vied 17, 1969, ISSN  0560-2793 , pp. 541-574.
  • Maria Zápotocká, The stitch band ceramics in Bohemia and Central Europe . In: Fundamenta A3, II, 1970, ZDB -ID 518965-2 , pp. 1-66.
  • Maria Zápotocká, Le neolithique ancien et récent en Bohème et le neolithique ancient en Moravie . In: Marcel Otte (Ed.): Atlas du Néolithique Européen . Volume 1: Janusz Kozlowski (Ed.): L'Europe orientale . Universite de Liège - Service de Préhistoire, Liège 1993, ( Etudes et recherches archéologiques de l'Université de Liège 45), pp. 373–393.
  • Maria Zápotocká, burial rite of the Bohemian Neolithic (5500-4200 BC). Graves and burials of culture with linear, stitch band and Lengyel ceramics . Archaeological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague 1998, ISBN 80-86124-13-4 .

Web links

Commons : Stichbandkeramik  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jens Lüning: New thoughts on naming the Neolithic periods. In: Germania. Volume 74/1, 1996, pp. 233-237 ( online ).
  2. ↑ Hermann Behrens , The Neolithic Age in the Middle Elbe-Saale Region. Berlin 1973 (publisher of science)
  3. ^ University of Mainz. The Neolithic in Central Europe.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.staff.uni-mainz.de