Kumpf

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A Kumpf (from Germanic * kump- or * kumb- "vessel, measuring vessel") denotes various Old and Middle High German room dimensions as well as the container (partially filled with water) for carrying the whetstone , see Kumpf (quiver) . A kump in the first sense corresponded to between 6, 8 and 10 liters, depending on the region. The meaning of Kump as a fountain trough on the market square , which was already known in the 15th century, is derived .

The kump as a smaller measure was derived from the painter. This applied to the so-called fruit and grain measure

prehistory

LBK

Mended head, with pitch and inlays in Šárka style from the Altscherbitz ceramic fountain

A common type of vessel of the Neolithic ceramic band culture is called Kumpf by archaeologists. It is a round-bottomed vessel with no handles. It can be decorated with incisions or have knobs or knuckles. Early bowls are flat-bottomed and slightly double-conical, later forms are mostly round. From Schuchardt was assumed that the form of organic gourds was modeled, however, the gourd was unknown at that time in Central Europe. Marquetry is one for 5134 BC. Kumpf ornamentation proven in a fountain in Droßdorf in the district of Leipzig . The surface of the vessel is covered with birch pitch . and rows of triangles made of birch bark are inlaid in the pitch, forming spirals. The decoration with pitch (also as painting) is typical of the Šárka style , which is named after a Prague suburb. Such decoration is also known from vessels from the wells in Altscherbitz and Eythra and from settlement finds.

The kump disappears with the end of the stitch band ceramic .

More finds

Simple, hand-shaped vessels, mostly roughly spherical in shape, are also known as kumpf in other archaeological cultures. In the Merovingian period, kampfires were often among the grave goods in children's graves, and sometimes remnants of cereal porridge can be found in the vessels as food. But you can find it z. B. also on the Iberian Peninsula in the unplundered Antas of Poço da Gateira and in Farisoa I in the Monsaraz region in Portugal . The Cerny culture in the Paris basin seems to have taken over this vessel shape directly , where a kump was found in the complex of Balloy -Les Réaudins.

Now used in dialects

In the Odenwälder dialect ( Odenwälderisch ) one knows the "kummbe" in the sense of an earthen drinking vessel (eg "coffee kummbe"), in the Rhenish dialect called "kump", more often still in the belittling form "Kömpche" or "Kümpche" Vessel. In Hunsrück , “kump” means a deep bowl and a cattle trough .

etymology

The roots of the word stem seem to go back to the Indo-European original language, which is not surprising given the earlier elementary importance of the object for everyday life. This is how kumbh describes the jug in Sanskrit . One example is the high Hindu holiday Kumbh Mela , which translates as "the festival of the holy jug".

Part of the name

The expression has also been preserved as a family name in southern Germany and Austria ; The Austrian painter Gottfried Kumpf is known, for example . The expression appears as part of the name of the writer Michael Kumpfmüller or the translator Hans Kumpfmüller.

See also

literature

  • Johannes A. Potratz: Prehistoric vessels . Re-publication by the Helms-Museum, Hamburg 2000.
  • Gerhard Köbler: Indo-European dictionary . 3. Edition. 2000
  • Joachim Preuss: The Neolithic in Central Europe 1.1. Weissbach 1998
  • Indo-European etymological dictionary. archive.org
  • Kumpf . In: Palatinate dictionary

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kumpf . In: Former Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 8 , issue 2 (edited by Heino Speer and others). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1985, OCLC 832567175 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - continued in the following issue).
  2. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.koeblergerhard.de
  3. ↑ [1]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ruedesheim.de  
  4. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated May 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.s197410804.online.de
  5. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.regionalgeschichte.net
  6. ↑ C. Bopp: The international measure, weight and coin agreement through the metric system. Julius Maier, Stuttgart 1869, p. 118.
  7. ↑ Joachim Preuss: The Neolithic in Central Europe 1.1. Weissbach 1998, pp. 281-285
  8. ^ Maria Cladders, The pottery of the oldest band ceramics: Investigation of the temporal and spatial structure. University research on prehistoric archeology 72. Bonn, Habelt
  9. ^ Georg Walter Diener: Hunsrück Dictionary. M. Sendet, Niederwalluf 1971, (p. 147)