Odenwaldisch
| Odenwaldisch | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
Hesse and Baden-Württemberg | |
| Linguistic classification |
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Odenwälderisch is a Rhine-Franconian dialect that is spoken in the south of Hesse in the Odenwald , along the Hessian Bergstrasse and in northern Baden.
Demarcation
The Odenwälderisch (Ourewellerisch) differs from the South Hessian by various peculiar words and a throatier pronunciation. Linguists usually attribute it to the Palatinate (Rheinpfälzisch) . South of Weinheim - Beerfelden it gradually merges into the Kurpfälzische of the Baden Odenwald, and southeast of the Hessian Erbach , in the eastern part of the Baden Odenwald, one speaks a South Rhine-Franconian dialect, the so-called Odenwäldische .
Like most dialects, Odenwald is very inconsistent and shows smooth transitions to neighboring dialects. On the one hand, this is a result of the historical territorial fragmentation into many small domains. Second, the development of language is related to the traffic and thus communication routes determined by separating mountain ranges and connecting valleys. Individual words as well as the sound system and intonation often differ from village to village. For the axis from Bad König to Beerfelden , this is often illustrated using the constructed word "bench legs", which in Bad König is Benkbå, but in Beerfelden it is Bånkbee .
Pronunciation of consonants and vowels
The classification of the Odenwald dialects is based u. a. at the borders (strongly generalized) between the Central German and Upper German language regions ( second sound shift ) and the fest / fescht areas
- Most common sounds ( consonants ) are spoken softly:
- p (nhd.) ↔ b: Budding (pudding), Bolizei (police), Bobb (doll)
- t (nhd.) ↔ d: Drebb (stairs), Deller (plate), Doal (valley), Dande (aunt)
- k (nhd.) ↔ g: Guggugg (cuckoo), Glaad (dress)
- g (nhd.) ↔ ch, j: guard (car), crash (collar), aache (eyes), perforated (lied), wäije (because of)
- pf (nhd.) becomes b: Bloume (plum), Bloanze (plant), Blogg (peg)
- or to p: Peffer (pepper), Parrer (pastor), Poad (path), Pund (pound)
- s before sympathy (nhd.) changes to sch: Schdubb (room), Schbroach (language), schdill (still), feschd (firm), Schweschder (sister)
- The vowels ( vowels ) a, e, i, o, u and the double sounds ( diphthongs ) ei and eu often change the Odenwälder to the double sounds oa, ou, oi, äi:
- Long spoken a (nhd.) ↔ oa or oo: Woald (forest), Gloas (glass), soag (say!), Noas (nose), Schtrooß (street), but Daafel (table) and (short spoken á) Bláschder (Pavement), Vádder (father)
- e (nhd.) ↔ äi, ä: Räije (rain), Wäg (way), but (short é) féschd (solid), Néwwel (fog)
- i (nhd.) ↔ äi or ee: Käisch (church), Hä (r) sch (deer), veel (much), Beer (pear), schbeele (play), Schleere (sledge), meer (me)
- o (nhd.) ↔ u, oi, ou: Sunn (sun), Dunnerschloag (thunderbolt), Ungel (uncle)
- o (nhd.) ↔ oi, ou: Soije (worries), Drouscht (consolation), Oufe (oven), wou (wo), sou (so), Houf (court), grouß (large), but in a closed syllable short Spoken ó: Bólizei (police), Sógge (socks)
- u (nhd.) ↔ o .: Dorschst (thirst), Bobbelsche ("little doll", baby), modder (mother), but Bulver (powder), Blum (flower)
- egg and au (nhd.) ↔ aa or oa: braad (broad), Laader (ladder), haaß (hot), daale (share), Saaf (soap), laafe (run), kaafe (buy), kloa (small ), Stoa (stone), but, since î originated from Middle High German: Zeit, Geig (violin)
- eu (nhd.) ↔ ai: Faijer (fire), nai (new), haid (today), Laid (people), Daiwel (devil)
Other typical features
- In some words there is a d- (nhd.) ↔ r-change compared to New High German ( Rhotazism ): Ourewoald (Odenwald), Brurer (brother), werrer (again),
- with others a b- (nhd.) ↔ w-exchange: Riewe (turnips), Läwe (life), liewer (dear), gewe, but geb, gibscht (give), owe (above), schreiwe (write), Gawwel (Fork).
- The article the (NHG.) Is the spoken.
- In many words, a typical appearance of oral communication , the unstressed ending (e.g. e- Schwa ) and internal consonants are shortened or omitted (blurring, elision ): rennen ↔ renne, Mücke ↔ Migg, Straße ↔ Schtrooß, lie down ↔ hiläije , the shop ↔ de Loare, cherry ↔ cheese, sausage ↔ woash
- ig ending (nhd.) ↔ isch: Luschdisch (funny), Gaschdisch (nasty)
- Reduced forms ( diminutive forms ) get el-, che- or Sche-endings: Päädel (little flower), Blümmel (little flower), Häffel (potty), Ebbelsche (little apple), Bobbelsche (baby), Wäggelsche (little cart), wheel
- By connection ( contraction ) e.g. B. a verb with a pronoun creates a melting word: deedschd (would you), gidds (there is), sischd (e) (you see), verschdäischd (you understand)
- The umlauts ö and ü are not used. Oil ↔ El , stoves ↔ ivy . Spring ↔ Frieling, wishes ↔ winches, cloudy ↔ drift. There is therefore a change from ö to e , a so-called rounding off .
Some words are taken from French, such as Baldin (scarf), Lapping (rabbit), Kolter (blanket), allaa (let's go), Trottwa (sidewalk), Visimadende (stupid things , reckless things ).
Special words
The following list shows the dialect in the area between Höchst and Erbach . Terms from the Fürth area and its districts as well as the Gersprenztal have been added . The vowel 'o' is not differentiated here from the - actually more correct - open o-sound 'å'.
| Standard German | Ourewellerian |
|---|---|
| Oh stop it! | Hey mer uff! Här / listen up! |
| but also | äwwerah, äwweraach |
| Apple that | Abbel, apples |
| Cider that | Äppler, Äppelwoi, Äbblwoi, Ebbelwoi, Öbblwoi (Moscht) |
| Evening that | Owend, Nohmnd, Nowend |
| Old stuff | Gelumps, Gelärsch, Gerimbel |
| Ants that | Eemeetze or Beetzemeetze (more of a child's expression), Emenze |
| different | onnerscht (he) |
| Open up | uff, uffmache |
| to rebel (to defend oneself against something), to protest | uffmugge |
| tear apart | werrenonner roppe, venonne seal, vunonner seal, zammreise |
| Eyes that | Aache, Oache |
| "Eyes shut and go for it" | druff un dewerre, druff un dawedder, close oache and druff |
| Baby, infant | Bobbelsche |
| Bach that | the Bäsch, the Baach, the Boach |
| Banana that | the Benoun, the Banoun |
| Belly that | Käiz, Ranze, Ronze, Wombe, Fässje, Kuggel |
| Trees that | die Beem, die Bömm |
| hurry up, let's go | allaa (hopp), allee, uff now - go huh |
| Mountain that | Buggl, Bersch, Beisch, Bäig, Bejg |
| Beer glass | Beer humbe |
| stupid | bleed |
| Wide tires that | Bräearehre Rährre, digge Schlabbe, broad Räfe |
| Blackberries that | Faacberries, brommbl |
| Bread that | Broud |
| Bun that | Wake up |
| Brother who | Brew |
| Broth that | the Brie |
| Candy that | Gutzje, Klumbe, Gutzel, Gutzle |
| Embankment that | Roah |
| iron | bischelle, biggle, büchln |
| Mayor who | Boiemooschde, Boimoschder, broker fatteners |
| on the other hand | dewerrer, dewedder, degäije, degeche |
| then / then | sellemols |
| press, press | kneidse, drigge, drügge |
| Thirst that | Cod |
| Egoist who | Allmoi |
| only one | only one, eenzigscht, eenzigscht |
| Magpie that | Atzel, Elschter |
| something | ebbes, ebbs, |
| Piglet that | Wutzje, Fäigel, Kleen's column |
| fire Department | Feiewehr, Feijawehr |
| Fodder beet harvester | Runkelroiweroppmeschien, Rummelse reading machine |
| Garden door that | Gordediersche, Gardedürle |
| give | Gewwe, gebbe |
| Dentition that | Raffel |
| bent | crooked, booed |
| yellow | gehl |
| against | would be, wäddä, dageche |
| Sidewalk that | Trottwa |
| Flock of children, several children | Zäwwel |
| green | grie |
| Cucumber (s), the | Gummer (n), Goig (e) |
| Strap that | Godd |
| Good evening | hen Guhde, Nohmnd, g'nowend, nowend |
| Good Morning | Moije, Gemmorsche, enn Guhde, g'moije |
| Good day | hen guhde, roof, coo |
| Rooster | Giggl, mockery |
| durable (something is durable) | des häibt (example: the leather version of the product is very durable = des lärrene häibt) |
| Gloves that | Hännschich, Honnschuh, Hännsching |
| House that (usually older house) | Buddy |
| blueberries | Hallberries |
| Deer that | Hasch, Hersch |
| Wedding that | Hissing up |
| Elderberries | Hoolebeije |
| Hill that | Hischll, Higgl, Hubbel |
| Chicken that | Hinkel, Hingl |
| jump | hossern, hobbele, hippse, hobbe, hibbe, hoppse |
| Listen | heuemohl, hoschemohl, hoischemo (l) |
| Pieces of wood that | Schliwwen, Schlewwn |
| Hunter who | Jäescher, Jäije, Jäschtle |
| Liquid manure that | Puhl |
| at the moment | always (allaweil), awwel (d) |
| Currants that | Kanztraawe, Konnsdrauwwe |
| Johannismarkt (folk festival in Fürth / Odenwald) | Konnsmaigd |
| Rabbit that | Lapping, Kaniggl, False Katz |
| Carrots that | Gähl (e) riehwe |
| potato | Krummbiern (Crumbberry) |
| Hangover that | Karrer, Malle (r) d, Kahre, Katzebommel |
| Cat that | Dachhoas, Katz |
| Church that | Kärsch, Käisch |
| Consecration, the | Kerwe, curb |
| Knot that | Knouhre, Knoddl, Knouhde |
| Basket that | Käiz, Monn |
| copulate | pimmber |
| corpulent | uffgeschdumbd (in the Quadraad) |
| cross | Kraiz |
| briefly scheduled (an appointment is briefly scheduled) | koatz ougerennt / ougerlauf |
| Short, schnapps | Piffsche, Korze, Kloare |
| To run | Laafe, Schlabbe |
| Leather that | Lerra |
| Head that | Laahre, Laadren |
| people, who | suffering |
| Mole that | Mollwed, Mullbert, Mullbruff |
| My | Hello) |
| Melon that | Meloun |
| Crap (heap) that | Meschd (heap) |
| Morally questionable | schoufel |
| mosquito | Schnoog |
| Mouth that | Gosch |
| Marbles that | Clickers |
| Fog that | Newwel |
| Not | nidd, ned |
| Useless man, cuckold | Honnebombel, Honnebembel, Hannebambel (Hahnenbambel), Glouwe |
| Nicholas | Benzniggl, Belznickel, Niggelaus |
| above | owwe |
| "Odenwald stovepipe" | Ourewelle Oufweroue, Oureweller Ouwweroue |
| Furnace that | Ouwfe (plural: Äiwfe) Ouwwe (plural: Äiwwe) |
| Godmother that | Good (a) |
| Godfather who | Pettn, Pettern |
| Penis that | Schnibbl, Schniwwl, Brunser, Pisser |
| Peter | Pärre |
| Pan that | Ponn |
| Pastor who | Parre |
| Peach that | Päsching |
| Horse that | Gaul (plural Gail) |
| Plum jam , that | Latwean , Latwäije, Latwersch |
| Puddle that | Pitsche, Pitsch |
| Prostitute that | Nutt, Schlomp, Huhr, Dorfmatratz |
| Nonsense | Olweniggl, Olwerskopp, Olwert |
| Raven , crow | Krabb (plural Krabbe), Roab |
| Rain that | Raije |
| Rain gutter | Roof connector |
| talk | babble |
| tear out | seal |
| Brussels sprouts that | Gnoddelschesgemies, Knebbschesgemies, Rousekoul |
| move | Rigge, bow |
| Scarf that | Baldin, Schohl |
| Sheep that | Schoof (plural: Scheef) |
| Shell that | Bidd (also known as a laundry tub) |
| shadow | Schehre, Schadde |
| scissors | Schirn, Schern, Scher |
| Barn that | Schaije (n) |
| crooked | schepp |
| Screen that | Schearm |
| bad | ääbsch, ääbschd |
| Bullshit that | Schmuu |
| Pig that | Schwoin, Sau (plural: Sai), Wutz (e), Moug (e) (only for the mother pig) |
| Sweat | the letter, the letter |
| snow | Schnäi |
| spade | Schurn, Spade, Schbode |
| speak talk | chatter, babble, babbele, redde, babble, babble |
| Stone that | Stoa, Schdoh, Schdee |
| Street, alley | Gass, Schossee , Schdroos |
| imagine something | know each other woas do |
| Crumble cake that | Riwwelkuche |
| Thong that | Rizzebuser |
| Housefly (s), the | Migg (e) |
| Tobacco that | Duwwag, Schaierbombel |
| Pine cone that | Donne schähf , Donnagoggel, Hussmoug, Donnezabbe |
| table lamp | Dischlomp |
| Toilet | Abee, Abott |
| Clumsy | Primal rumble |
| Pot, chamber pot | Dibbe |
| Repayment (to repay a (loan) amount in installments) | abbrunse |
| Trumpet that | Trummbehd |
| Tromm , the (fourth highest mountain in the Odenwald) | Trump |
| Fool that | Droddl, Simbl , Hawwag |
| bag | Dudd, plural = Didde, Dudde |
| cocky | iwwer zwersch , iwwermiedisch |
| Cold cuts (sausage) | Uffcut |
| below | anne, drunne, unne |
| urinate | saasche, brunze |
| crazy, insane | neischd, irsch |
| confused, distracted, puzzled | err, irr |
| Bird that | Fochl, Foggl (plural: Föschel, Feggl, Fejjl) |
| Wagon wheel nail that | Wouerodsnouel |
| wall | If |
| So what do you want? | What are you doing ?; what do you want? |
| picky | snowy, snowy |
| Laundry tub that | Bütt, Wonn, Monn, Bitt |
| Way of | Pahd (en motz pahd - a long way), Pohd |
| Electric fence post that | (Cattle) wahdstiggl, Stiggl |
| tearful person | Piensbagge |
| further | weirre (r), weider, weida |
| We | Me (r) |
| Wasps that | Wischbl, washbl, Wepse |
| Weather that | Werrer, wedda, would be |
| again | confused, would be, wedder, aries |
| wild boy | Riwwel, Sauriwwel |
| Rug that | Kolter, Kolde (r) |
| Sausage that | Woschd (hence also sausage bread - Woschdebroud) |
| Dentist who | Zihdokde |
| Toothbrush that | Zouhberschd |
| destroy (destroy something raw / violently / wantonly) | zommewiggse |
| Goat that | Gaas |
| brick | Zichel, Ziggl |
| new fellow men | Locked, oigeplackte |
| (Sugar) beets that | Rummelse, Riewe |
| tongue | Labbe |
| at home | daham, dehaam, dehohm, dahoam |
| add up | zosemmereelte / zommereschan |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maurer, Friedrich : The Odenwälder dialect. In: Morneweg, Karl: Official guide of the Odenwald Club through the Odenwald and the Bergstrasse. Frankfurt a. M. 1926, p. 34 ff.
- ↑ Bausinger, Herrmann : Dialects, language barriers, special languages. Frankfurt a. M. 1972, p. 10 ff.
- ↑ Dingeldein, Leonhard: Old Odenwald expressions, dialect words and idioms. In: Schnellertsbericht 2005.
- ↑ Karl, Hans u. Morr, Hans-Günther: Odenwald dialect primer. Weinheim 2006.
- ↑ Ernst Elias Niebergall: Datterich-Des Burschen Heimkehr . Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-15-009776-2 , pp. 87 .