Fürth (Odenwald)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the community of Fürth
Fürth (Odenwald)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Fürth highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 39 '  N , 8 ° 47'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
Circle : Mountain road
Height : 193 m above sea level NHN
Area : 38.41 km 2
Residents: 10,568 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 275 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 64658,
64385 (Gumpener Kreuz)Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / zip code contains text
Area code : 06253
License plate : HP
Community key : 06 4 31 007
LOCODE : DE FUR
Community structure: 12 districts (including core community)
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Hauptstrasse 19
64658 Fürth
Website : www.gemeinde-fuerth.de
Mayor : Volker Oehlenschläger ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Fürth in the Bergstrasse district
Groß-Rohrheim Zwingenberg (Bergstraße) Biblis Viernheim Lampertheim Bürstadt Einhausen (Hessen) Lorsch Bensheim Lautertal (Odenwald) Lindenfels Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Fürth (Odenwald) Grasellenbach Rimbach (Odenwald) Mörlenbach Wald-Michelbach Birkenau (Odenwald) Abtsteinach Gorxheimertal Hirschhorn (Neckar) Neckarsteinach Michelbuch (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rheinland-Pfalz Baden-Württemberg Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg Odenwaldkreismap
About this picture
Fürth im Odenwald photographed by "Scheppel"
Half-timbered houses shape the image of the place.

Fürth is a municipality in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . It is a state-approved resort and the seat of a local court .

geography

Geographical location

The municipality of Fürth is located in the Vorderen Odenwald in the Upper Weschnitz Valley . The core community and some other districts are located directly on the Weschnitz, which flows southwest to Weinheim and flows into the Rhine at Biblis . Other districts are above the valley floor and in side valleys. The landscape is part of the Bergstrasse-Odenwald Geo-Nature Park . The place name probably comes from a former ford through the Weschnitz. The highest point is the 536-meter-high Wagenberg on the southeastern border of the municipality, the northern end point of the ridge, which stretches south to behind the Tromm and separates the Weschnitz Valley from the Überwald region .

Weschnitz Valley from a hill near Fürth Steinbach

Neighboring communities

Fürth borders in the north on the city of Lindenfels and in the northeast on the municipality of Reichelsheim . In the east there is a short shared border with Mossautal - Hiltersklingen . The municipality of Grasellenbach borders in the southeast and the municipality of Rimbach in the south and southwest . In the northwest there is a short shared border with the Heppenheim district of Mittershausen-Scheuerberg and with the forest area of ​​the Heppenheim core city.

Community structure

In addition to the core municipality of Fürth, there are eleven other districts: Brombach , Ellenbach , Erlenbach , Fahrenbach , Kröckelbach , Krumbach , Linnenbach , Lörzenbach , Seidenbach , Steinbach and Weschnitz with the hamlet of Leberbach . The hamlet of Altlechtern belongs to the district of Fürth.

climate

In Fürth in the Odenwald there is a significantly cooler climate than on the neighboring mountain road . In the winter months, this is often noticeable through a higher amount of snow compared to the mountain road. On the other hand, thanks to its protected location, the municipality is also favored by the weather and is often spared from storms.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Fürth arose in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Fürth was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The first documentary mention of Fürth took place in 795 under the name of Furte in a document of the border adjustment to the property of the Lorsch monastery in the "Mark Heppenheim". This came to the monastery through a donation from Charlemagne. This upgraded it and withdrew it from the dioceses of Mainz and Worms . The "Mark Heppenheim" encompassed most of today 's Bergstrasse district and large parts of the Odenwaldkreis . In the border description from 773 Fürth is not mentioned, but the Welinehouc (Wahlenhügel, today's Kahlberg ( 520.6  m above sea level )) between today's district of Weschnitz and the Wegscheide . There is also talk of Arezgreften , i.e. ore mines, on the Erzberg near Weschnitz (see also: List of mines in the Odenwald ). In connection with this donation, border disputes developed between the Lorsch Abbey and the Diocese of Worms, which led to the convening of an arbitration tribunal in 795 on the Kahlberg near Weschnitz, an old assembly and court venue not far from today's Walburgis Chapel . As a result of this court of arbitration, a new boundary description was established, which now also named the most important places within the boundaries of the Mark Heppenheim, namely Furte (Fürth), Rintbach (Rimbach) , Morlenbach (Mörlenbach) , Birkenowa (Birkenau) , Winenheim (Weinheim) , Heppenheim , Besinsheim (Bensheim) , Urbach (Auerbach) , Lauresham (Lorsch) and Bisestat (Bürstadt) .

The next mention took place in 1023, when Emperor Heinrich II confirmed the transfer of Lorscher Höfe to the Michaeliskloster on the Abrahamsberg among others in Fürth. A "description of the lifts and income of the Fürth court" ( curiam Furde ) from 1023 shows the development that went hand in hand with this donation and the subsequent clearing and reclamation by Lorsch monks: Von Fürth is called "principalis curia", i.e. the " first court ”or Fürstenhof spoken. According to this, Fürth was the most important administrative and fiscal center of Lorsch in the Odenwald. The following is a detailed list of the yields of the lands in the various locations. In addition to Fürth itself, the following are mentioned in this context: Kolmbach, Nieder-Brombach, Fahrenbach, Krumbach, Ober-Brombach, Weschnitz, Alt (en) lechtern and Kröckelbach (sorted in descending order according to the number of lifts) as interest-bearing goods, and Steinbach as ten-payment goods and Erlenbach as a pasture-ten-obligation property. A mill is mentioned in Fürth itself, Weschnitz and Fahrenbach . Furthermore, based on the incurred income, the existence of the relevant trades can be concluded.

Around the year 1100 , 64 hubs were mentioned in the Lorsch Codex , which belong to the vilication Fürth , 11 of which were in the village of Fürth. From 1308, a comparison between Archbishop Peter von Mainz and the Count Palatine Rudolf I and Ludwig has come down to us, in which goods and people in the upper Abbey of Fürth, belonging to the Lorsch Monastery, are supposed to belong to the Count Palatinate as a Mainz fief, which was in 1344 is confirmed by an arbitration tribunal.

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Fürth was one. The Zent Fürth developed as a court and subordinate administrative unit, the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1613. From the Middle Ages to modern times, Fürth was an ecclesiastical and manorial administration and court. The place was the administrative center of the so-called "Upper Abbey" of the Lorsch monastery in the Odenwald. The time as a court and market place began in 1356 with the permission of Emperor Charles IV to fortify the place, erect a gallows and hold a weekly market. After that, both the lower and the blood jurisdiction of the "Zent Fürth" had their seat here.

Fürth became town and place of jurisdiction in 1356 when Emperor Charles IV allowed the Archbishop of Mainz to turn the village of Fürth into a town, to fortify it, erect stick and gallows and hold a market every Tuesday according to the laws customary in Frankfurt. The central court in Fürth thus has both the lower and the higher jurisdiction . The district of the Zent included the places Fürth, Krumbach, Brombach, Weschnitz, Kröckelbach, Alt-Lechtern, Steinbach, Fahrenbach, Lörzenbach, Kolmbach and Hiltersklingen whose Oberhof was the district court in Heppenheim until 1782.

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the “Catholic League” conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainz. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. The Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, but after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began in 1635 the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years War. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established. The place became a Catholic parish of the Bensheimer Landkapitels , to whose parish in 1682 nine branches belonged.

When it came to a restructuring of the offices in the district of Kurmainzer office winery Heppenheim in 1782, the area of was Oberamts Starkenburg in the four subordinate office bailiwicks Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth divided. The centering Fuerth, Abtsteinach and centering Mörlenbach were the Amtsvogtei Fürth subordinated and had to give up their powers largely. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Amt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, describes Fürth as the administrative center of the "Zent Fürth" in 1812:

»Fürth (Furde, Furthe) an ancient walled patch in the Odenwalde and on the Weschnitz, 3 hours from Heppenheim and an old property of the Lorsch monastery, also appears by name in the Heppenheim mark description from the year 774. We also find this in a document from 1023, where the Hubengüther of the Michaelsberg monastery are described. (Loc. Dipl. Laur. No. 137) Under the Lorsch abbot Anselm, who had done a great deal to accept the monastery on the Abrahamsberge, all Hubengüther are recorded and recorded who belonged to the court (ad. Curiam) or the Fürth winery ( in Furde) belonged and what and how much such had to deliver annually to said cellar. (CDLN 140). At that time there were 11 Huben in Fürth itself, each of them on the feast of the Heil. Michaels, 30 nummos (silver dinars), but 10 Eyer, a young hen, on Easter, and over which delivers 2 pieces of cloth (Camisilia), one of which is instructed to the conductor. The other places and Hubengüther that are described in this directory are exactly the same which still belong to Cent Fürth today; From which we can clearly see that the cents and the cents court originated from this Oberhof zu Fürth (princispali curia in Furden) . It was this courtyard that was subsequently given the name of the upper abbey, which I have already mentioned elsewhere. [...] As for the toe in Fürth; so in 1566 Electoral Palatinate and the canons were in good health. Spirit of the toe-holders, each half-part. Electoral Palatinate had half of the little toe and the pastor had the other half. At that time Baaden, or rather the spiritual administration at Heidelberg, has the third part, and Hesse has the other two parts from the big toe. On the little toe, however, only in Fürth does the pastor have half. The Lorsch head shop also has a little toe in Fürth, which is called the Selenium. [...] Fürth has the privileges of three annual fairs which are held annually: a) on Mary's Day of Light, b) on St. John's Day and c) on the Sunday after Michaelmas. They are quite substantial. From wages in Furth and the other centers it should be noted that the Counts of Erbach 106 Malter Hubhaber and 6½ pounds Heller from the Beth, also have a lot of chicken money, some of which, however, are unfortunate. Finally they also have a farm and inheritance in Fürth. The Lords of Wambold own the Untermühle and a farm - the Lords of Gemmingen have a hereditary property and a farm - and most gracious lord a farm and a farm in Fürth, which belong to the Boesenhof in Heppenheim. The owners give 197 Malter Hubhaber of all the Huben in the Cent Fürth annually to the winery, which is a bit unfortunate. [...] Mills in Fürth are a) the lower mill, b) the Daunische mill on the Thalbach, c) the upper mill; both of the latter are Wamboldisch and are on lease. Most gracious lordship has no forest in the Cent Furth, but such is partly the cent partly belonging to the Hubenguethern or communities. The Centwald is stoned alone and marked with the old Lorsch coat of arms, the cross. "

From the 19th century until today

Fürth becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt received , among other things, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with him Fürth as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office , while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zenten and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that was added in 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform of the Grand Duchy, the Fürth office was dissolved at the same time as the other administrative bailiffs in Starkenburg and Upper Hesse in favor of newly created districts . As a result, Fürth came to the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Fürth was also responsible for Altlechtern, Fahrenbach , Lörzenbach and Steinbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Fürth in 1829:

»Fürth (L. Bez. Lindenfels) market town; lies in a wide fertile valley on the Weschnitz and 1 1 ⁄ 4   St. from Lindenfels. The place, which is walled, has 130 houses and 1101 inhabitants, up to 63 Luth. and 16 reform. are all catholic. Among them are 20 farmers, 122 civil trades, and 42 day laborers. Fürth is the seat of the regional court, has a repaired church, 1 post office, 1 pharmacy, 5 grinding, 3 oil, 2 cutting mills, 1 district prison , and a new town hall is under construction. Here the unpaved road from Weinheim to Erbach goes through; 3 not inconsiderable markets are held annually - The place belonged to the Heppenheimer Mark and was given under the name of Furte in 773 by Carl the Great to the Lorsch Abbey. The church occurs in the 11th century and the provost from Abramsberg near Heidelberg was probably the pastor or collator of the Fürth parish at that time. From this provost the right of collation came to the holy spirit monastery in Heidelberg, which was still in possession of the same in 1566, but later came to Churpfalz. Fürth came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Fürth now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

“Fürth near Lindenfels. - Market town with a Catholic parish church, regarding the Evangel. belonging to the parish of Lindenfels. - 130 H. 1101 (mostly Catholic) E. - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Fürth, walled in, lies in a wide, fertile valley on the Weschniz. Among the inhabitants are 20 farmers, 122 who do civil trades, and others. 42 day laborers. There is 1 town hall, 1 pharmacy, 5 grinding, 3 oil and 2 cutting mills and 1 district prison. The place is the seat of a forest inspection over the forest Waldmichelbach, a tax commissioner for the tax district Lindenfels, a tax overseer and a postal expedition, as well as the above mentioned regional court. - By the way, the place has 3 not inconsiderable annual fairs. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Fürth became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Fürth: A Catholic parish village with 1,497 inhabitants, four mills, three brickworks, the Altlechtern, Kröckelbach and the hamlet of Loh. The district consisted of 3438 acres , of which 2042 acres were arable land, 407 acres were meadows and 988 acres were forest. There was also the Fürth Centwald, which consisted of 38 acres of meadows and 1065 acres of forest. In Fürth was the seat of a regional court, a tax commissioner , a district tax office and a forestry office.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the market town of Fürth with its own mayor's office, 175 houses, 1,439 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Lutheran parish of Hammelbach and the Reformation parish of Lindenfels of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish of Fürth of the dean's office Heppenheim specified. The mayor's office was also responsible for the branch village of Steinbach (15 houses, 142 inhabitants), the Fahrenbacher Ziegelhütte (two houses, 16 inhabitants), the Kröckelbacher Hof (one house, 11 inhabitants) and the Loh (two houses, 17 inhabitants).

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Fürth into the Heppenheim district .

In 1895 the Weschnitz Valley Railway was opened, which connected Fürth with Weinheim. The transport connections to Weinheim, Heidelberg, Darmstadt or Frankfurt have been improved by the commissioning of this railway line. In this way, a wide range of skilled trades could develop that had a lasting impact on the face of the community.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out. Fürth too had many casualties to complain about. After the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse .

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In the spring of 1933, Adolf Hitler made May 1 a public holiday called “German Labor Day”. The unions called for participation in the May events, as they felt they were the initiators of the May idea. The official program was already heavily influenced by the National Socialists: “6 o'clock wake up by the SA bands. 8 a.m. flag hoisting in the factories, march to the parade ground, 9 a.m. transmission of the rally from the pleasure garden in Berlin to the public squares of the cities. 10.45 am State act of the Hessian government (...), reception of a workers' delegation from the three Hessian provinces. (...) Common singing of the 'Song of the Workers'. (...) 7.30 am Transmission from the Tempelhofer Feld, Berlin: Manifesto of Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, 'The first year of the four-year plan'. Then light music and German dance. 12 noon: Broadcast of the speech by Prime Minister Hermann Göring. (...) Former Marxist singing, gymnastics and sports clubs can take part in the parades, but carry Marxist flags or symbols with you. ”The rude awakening for the unions came a day later when the“ NSDAP took over the leadership of the red unions took over ”.

In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Fürth also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 1212  ha , of which 506 ha were forest.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the following previously independent municipalities were incorporated into Fürth on a voluntary basis:

For the area of ​​the former municipalities, with the exception of the core municipality of Fürth, eleven local districts with a local advisory council and local council were established by the main statute . The boundaries of six local districts follow the previous district boundaries. The deviations from the district boundaries in the other five local districts are described in the main statute.

Courts in Hessen

In 1813, jurisdiction was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Historical forms of names

Historical forms of name were (in brackets year of the document):

Ford (795) Furde (1023, 1094) Fürte, Ford, (1344)
Forte, Furte, (1349) Fords (1350) Ford in the Odenwalde (1355)
Pfürt (1418) Forte (1426) Furette (1431)
Furette (1431) Leads (1611) Fuerth (1612)

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Fürth was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 10,481 residents in Fürth on May 9, 2011. These included 748 (7.1%) foreigners, of whom 226 came from other EU countries, 449 from other European countries and 73 from other countries. 8.4% of the German residents had a migration background . The inhabitants lived in 4381 households. 1197 of these were single households , 1214 couples without children and 1427 couples with children, as well as 417 single parents and 126 shared apartments .

Population development

• 1806: 734 inhabitants, 97 houses
• 1829: 1101 inhabitants, 130 houses
• 1867: 1439 inhabitants, 175 houses
Fürth: Population from 1806 to 2015
year     Residents
1806
  
 734
1829
  
 1.101
1834
  
 1,248
1840
  
 1,435
1846
  
 1,598
1852
  
 1,537
1858
  
 1,527
1864
  
 1,519
1871
  
 1,413
1875
  
 1,409
1885
  
 1,418
1895
  
 1,496
1905
  
 1,547
1910
  
 1,614
1925
  
 1,783
1939
  
 2.011
1946
  
 2,880
1950
  
 3,036
1956
  
 3,316
1961
  
 3,626
1967
  
 4,430
1970
  
 4,755
1972
  
 8,881
1976
  
 9,160
1984
  
 9,396
1992
  
 10,480
2000
  
 10,900
2005
  
 11,071
2010
  
 10,679
2011
  
 10,481
2015
  
 10,472
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1972 :; 1976 :; 1984 :; 1992 :; 2000 :; 2005 :; 2010 :; 2011 census; 2015:
From 1970 including the towns incorporated into Hesse as part of the regional reform .

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 63 Lutheran (= 5.72%), 16 Reformed (= 1.54%) and 1101 Catholic (= 92.82%) residents
• 1961: 983 Protestant (= 27.11%), 2589 Catholic (= 71.40%) residents
• 2011: 3160 Protestant (= 30.4%), 4880 Catholic (= 46.9.%), 210 non-believers (= 2.1%), 2030 other (= 19.5.%) Residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2018 2259 75.286 1,740,388 2,584,005
Change to 2000 + 33.6% + 20.9% + 19.2% + 18.8%
of which full-time 2018 65.9% 70.6% 72.6% 71.5%
of which part-time 2018 34.1% 29.4% 27.4% 28.5%
Only marginally paid employees 2018 670 15,568 222,301 369,892
Change to 2000 + 16.9% −4.6% + 8.1% + 7.9%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 34.9% 39.6% 27.0% 30.6%
2018 *) 32.1% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 24.2% 25.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2018 29.0% 25.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 15.3% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2018 26.3% 15.3% 31.7% 26.2%
other services 2000 23.7% 22.0% 20.1% 22.5%
2018 26.6% 25.1% 22.8% 25.2%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 01.9% 01.7% 01.4% 01.5%
2018 18.1% 01.1% 00.3% 00.4%

*) anonymized

religion

In 2011, 47% of the population was Catholic and 30% Protestant. 23% fall in different percentages on the Turkish-Islamic community (with different directions of Islam), other Christian associations and atheists.

The Catholics are organized in the parish of St. John the Baptist in Fürth as well as in the parish curate Maria Himmelfahrt in Krumbach, both of which belong to the parish group Fürth-Lindenfels in the dean's office Bergstrasse Ost of the diocese of Mainz .

Most of the Protestants belong to the Evangelical Church Community of Fürth. The Evangelicals in Ellenbach, Erlenbach, Linnenbach and Seidenbach, however, belong to the Reformed parish Schlierbach and those in Weschnitz to the Reformed parish Hammelbach . All three parishes belonged to the Deanery Bergstrasse in the Propstei Starkenburg of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

politics

Community representation

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the municipal council 2016
    
A total of 31 seats
Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 47.4 15th 46.0 14th 50.4 16 53.9 20th
FWG Free voter community 25.6 8th 21.0 7th 23.9 7th - -
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 19.0 6th 19.6 6th 21.0 7th 27.1 10
GREEN Alliance 90 / The Greens 8.0 2 13.4 4th 4.6 1 - -
FW-UPW Free Voters - Independent community of voters without a party - - - - - - 19.0 7th
total 100.0 31 100.0 31 100.0 31 100.0 37
Voter turnout in% 48.7 51.8 49.1 57.1

mayor

town hall

The mayor is directly elected for a term of six years. Gregor Dörsam (CDU) was mayor of Fürth from 1972 to 1996, followed by Gottfried Schneider (CDU) from 1996 to 2008. When he was elected his successor on September 7, 2008, Volker Oehlenschläger (CDU) sat down with 54.8% of the Vote through.

Districts

The following local districts with local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code exist in the municipality:

  • Brombach district (areas of the former municipality of Brombach ). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • District of Ellenbach (areas of the former municipality of Ellenbach ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Local district Erlenbach (areas of the former municipality Erlenbach and the parcels: district Ellenbach Flur 1 No. 436/13, 436/14, 436/15, 436/17 and 436/18). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • District of Fahrenbach (areas of the former municipality of Fahrenbach ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Local district Kröckelbach (areas of the former municipality Kröckelbach ). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • Local district Krumbach (areas of the former municipality of Krumbach ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Local district Linnenbach (areas of the former community Linnenbach and the parcels: district Fürth floor 5 No. 95/6, 95/11, floor 6 No. 34/1, district Lörzenbach floor 7 No. 14/6). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • Local district Lörzenbach (areas of the former municipality Lörzenbach without the parcel: district Lörzenbach Flur 7 No. 14/6). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Seidenbach district (areas of the former Seidenbach community ). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • District Steinbach (areas of the former municipality Steinbach and the parcels: district Fürth Flur 10 No. 17/5, 17/6, 17/7). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • Weschnitz district (areas of the former Weschnitz municipality ). The local advisory board consists of five members.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved in 1926.

Blazon : "In silver a floating, wide red foot cross, in the middle with the silver capital letter F."

According to older information, the village is said to have had a seal as early as the 16th century. In the court seal of 1626, the antique capital letter "F" appears on the shield as the initial of the place name, next to it a cloverleaf stem as a symbol that points to the field and hallway and is therefore a common symbol in village seals. The official draft approved in 1926 retained the letter, but added the pointed foot cross as a reminder of the former manorial rule of the Lorsch Monastery. As early as 1232, when the archbishopric Mainz was able to acquire the imperial abbey Lorsch, Fürth was next to Bensheim and Heppenheim the seat of a bailiwick with a large mark in the western Odenwald.

flag

The flag was awarded to the municipality of Fürth on January 14, 1980.

The municipal coat of arms is placed on the red and white flag web in the upper half.

Town twinning

Fürth has maintained partnership relationships with Thizy in France since 1969 . The partnership between Ellenbach and the French Buzancy began a year earlier . In 2003 the municipality entered into a partnership with Zăbrani (Guttenbrunn) in Romania.

Culture and sights

The Catholic parish church in the center of Fürth

Buildings

  • The parish church of St. Johannes d. T. was rebuilt in 1752 as a hall church with a three-sided choir on the outside in simple baroque forms. In front of the west facade, a baroque outside staircase defines the picture (the statues are new, however). In 1828/1829 a renovation took place under Ignaz Opfermann . The bell tower was added in the neo-Romanesque style in 1866–1868 . The extension on the south side was added in 1960–1961.
  • On the edge of the core community, a recreational facility was created in the Steinbachwiesen around a pond. Works of art created on the Fürth Art Days were displayed here. An extended use as a generation park was completed in 2012. This includes a playground, an active route with several exercise stations and a space for events.

Other sights and tourist destinations

  • The mountain zoo, which has existed since 1960 and is located in the Erlenbach district, is also worth seeing. It shows mountain animals from five continents and is open all year round.
  • The art hiking trail from Fürth to Lindenfels, which was set up in 2007 and begins at the town hall, is an extensive art gallery .

Sports

Fürth owns four football clubs, FC Fürth, SV Fürth, SV Lörzenbach and the International Sport Club (ISC). FC and SV Fürth play in the stadium, SV Lörzenbach and ISC play in the district of Lörzenbach. Other sports clubs are SV Fahrenbach (wrestling), TSV Krumbach (handball), TV Fürth (handball, athletics), SV Hassia (marksmen), chess club, KSV (lawn power sport), TSV Ellenbach (table tennis), Bob Club (bobsleigh, tennis) .

Regular events

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​3841 hectares, of which in hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 333 337
from that Living 220 219
Business 15th 18th
Operating area 23 23
from that Mining land 12 12
Recreation area 16 17th
from that Green area 8th 8th
traffic area 153 152
Agricultural area 1896 1893
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 1379 1379
Water surface 19th 19th
Other use 22nd 22nd

traffic

Fürth train station

The Furth train station is the terminus of Weschnitz Valley Railway , runs every half hour on a local train to Weinheim. The federal highway 460, known as Siegfriedstrasse, runs through Fürth in a west-east direction and the federal highway 38 in a north-south direction . Both federal roads unite below the core municipality to form a common through-town and separate again in different directions above.

education

Heinrich Böll as a Vectogram at the Heinrich Böll School

Fürth has two primary schools , the " Müller-Guttenbrunn -Schule" and the "Schule am Katzenberg" in the district of Erlenbach (The former elementary school "Paul-Joseph-Schule" in the district of Erlenbach lost in 1973 through the merger with the school in Mitlechtern (municipality of Rimbach It was named after the former teacher Paul Joseph, regardless of the fact that he was known as an ardent Adolf Hitler supporter and party member during the Nazi era and had a decisive influence on the climate against dissenters in Erlenbach at that time ( cf. also the file process concerning insidious attacks against party and state 1938/39, note Tgb.Nr. 1216, Gend. Station, Fürth Odw.)) as well as an integrated comprehensive school , the Heinrich Böll School with around 900 students.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Fürth  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Fürth (Odenwald)  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Hessian Ministry for Economic Affairs, Energy, Transport and Regional Development: 81st meeting of the specialist committee for health resorts, recreation areas and healing wells in Hesse on October 13, 2015 . State Gazette for the State of Hesse 7/2016 page 218
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 6a, About the Mark Heppenheim, mid-August 795. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 60 , accessed on January 6, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 5a ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  5. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 207-209 .
  6. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Fürth, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  8. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 240 f . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 79 ( online at google books ).
  12. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 420 ( online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 341 ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 94 ( online at google books ).
  17. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3598232527
  18. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) “Fresh birch green, waving flags”. P. 66 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  19. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 348 and 349 .
  20. ↑ Incorporation of the communities of Fahrenbach, Lörzenbach and Steinbach into the community of Fürth, Bergstrasse district on June 11, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 26 , p. 1300 , point 1224 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 7.6 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Incorporation of the communities Ellenbach and Weschnitz into the community of Fürth in the Bergstrasse district on May 1, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 3 , p. 110 , point 114 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  22. ^ Municipal reform in Hesse: mergers and integrations of municipalities from June 21, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 28 , p. 1117 , item 988; Paragraph 22. ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 5.0 MB ]).
  23. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 204 .
  24. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 349 kB) §; 5. In: Website. Fürth community, accessed January 2020 .
  25. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  26. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  27. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  28. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  29. ↑ a b Population by nationality group: Fürth. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  30. ↑ Migration background in%: Fürth. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in July 2015 .
  31. ^ Households by family: Fürth. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  32. ^ Local elections 1972; Relevant population of the municipalities on August 4, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No.  33 , p. 1424 , point 1025 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.9 MB ]).
  33. ↑ Local elections 1977; Relevant population figures for the municipalities as of December 15, 1976 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1976 No.  52 , p. 2283 , point 1668 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.3 MB ]).
  34. ^ Local elections 1985; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 30, 1984 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1984 No.  46 , p. 2175 , point 1104 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  35. ↑ local elections 1993; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 21, 1992 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1992 No.  44 , p. 2766 , point 935 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.1 MB ]).
  36. ↑ a b municipality data sheet : Fürth. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agency GmbH ;
  37. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2005). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  38. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2010). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  39. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2015). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  40. ↑ a b Religious affiliation: Fürth. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  41. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. 431007 Fürth. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  42. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 431007 Fürth. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in January 2020 .
  43. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 26, 2006. 431007 Fürth. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in January 2020 .
  44. ↑ Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in December 2019 .
  45. ↑ Mayoral elections in Fürth. Hessian State Statistical Office , accessed in January 2020 .
  46. ↑ Sister cities. In: website. Fürth community, accessed January 2020 .
  47. ^ Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist  in the German Digital Library
  48. ↑ Erlenbach Mountain Animal Park. Website.
  49. ↑ Kunstwanderweg Fürth in the Odenwald. Pictures and comments. In: kunstwanderweg.blogspot.de. Accessed January 2020 .
  50. ↑ Darmstädter Echo, Friday, November 8, 2019, p. 8.
  51. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.