Hiltersblades

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Hiltersblades
Mossautal municipality
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 19 ″  N , 8 ° 54 ′ 11 ″  E
Height : 332  (315-412)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.42 km²
Residents : 600
Population density : 64 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 64756
View from Vogelherd (406 m) southeast of Güttersbach to Hiltersklingen
View from Vogelherd (406 m) southeast of Güttersbach to Hiltersklingen

Hiltersklingen is a district of the municipality of Mossautal in the Odenwaldkreis in southern Hesse .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Hiltersklingen originated in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim", which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Hiltersklingen was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461 Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The name Hildegersbrunno was already used in 773 in the border description of the Mark “Mark Heppenheim”. This probably referred to the source of the Hiltersklinger Bach (probably today's Streitbach). In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office. After long disputes, the Electoral Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz were able to agree on the inheritance from the Lorsch Abbey at the beginning of the 14th century . The border between the areas of influence of the two opponents ran in the valley of the Marbach and thus divided Hiltersklingen into two areas of sovereignty for a long time.

The first known mentions of the hamlet Hiltersklingen come from the year 1324 with the name Hiltegertsklingen and from 1366, when the Count Palatine Ruprecht allowed the donor Konrad von Erbach to give his part in Hiltersklingen to his wife Grede as Wittum . In the 14th century, several fiefs on Huben and parts of the tithe from Hiltersklingen to the taverns of Erbach were handed down by the count palatine and in 1443 the village, bailiwick and court of Hiltersklingen were given to Erbach. The fiefdom of Hiltersklingen was renewed in documents from 1532 and 1653.

As early as 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the Mainz "Amt Starkenburg" , which included part of Hiltersklingen (Hiltersklingen an der Hardt, or Ober-Hiltersklingen). The “ Zent Fürth ” developed as a court and subordinate administrative unit , the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1613. The "Zent Fürth" was one of the few Zenten that were also allowed to exercise the high jurisdiction (including blood jurisdiction ).

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds. For 1474 it is documented that two court judges at the central court in Beerfurth come from Hiltersklingen and thus belong to the Erbach area. In contrast, three Huben belonged to the Hubengericht in Mainz and were considered to be Mainz. In 1607 Kurmainz waived his Hain or Hub (en) court, but reserved enforcement against defaulting Hubner. However, Hiltersklingen was mentioned in the description of the "Zent Fürth".

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. The Reformation was introduced in the county of Erbach as early as 1544. This led to the fact that the evangelical faith in the Erbach part of Hiltersklingen was preserved in Kurmainz even after the Counter Reformation . As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch". Ecclesiastically, Unter-Hiltersklingen was a branch of the parish of Güttersbach and Ober-Hiltersklingen was a branch of the parish of Fürth .

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the “Catholic League” conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainz. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatinate in Ober-Hiltersklingen was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after ten years, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, and the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War began with the Swedish-French War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". In 1648 the place was noted as uninhabited in Salbuch 47b of the Darmstadt State Archives . With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established.

In the 18th century, ten in Unter-Hilterskingen and four in Ober-Hiltersklingen were reported to be subject to interest. When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into sub- offices and the office was renamed Oberamt. The "Zent Fürth", in which Ober-Hiltersklingen was located, was subordinated to the newly established Fürth office. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz . For the Erbach part of Hiltersklingen (Unter-Hiltersklingen) the administrative allocation changed in 1544 from “ Amt Freienstein” to “Amt Fürstenau”, both of which were subordinate to the Erbach-Fürstenau line.

From the 19th century until today

Hiltersklingen becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial relationships in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and the Diocese of Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Ober-Hiltersklingen also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office , while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Darmstadt administrative district", which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “ Hofgericht Darmstadt ” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the "Zent Fürth" and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806, when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. As part of this treaty, several territories previously directly under the Empire, including the County of Erbach, were mediatized and the Grand Duchy of Hesse was incorporated. Get remained the so-called civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope , some of which persisted until the 1848th With that, Unter-Hiltersklingen also came to Hesse. The “Amt Fürstenau” was continued as the Hessian district bailiwick .

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the Principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, describes Hiltersklingen as a place of the " Zent Fürth " in 1812 :

»Hiltersklingen ( Heltesling ) a village which is already within the limits of the Grafsch. Erbach is 2 hours from Fürth, and a branch of the Erb. Parish Güttersbach is. It is divided into Hiltersklingen an der Hardt and the Hiltersklingen proper. The latter is the Grafl. Home Erbach privative own; of the former, however, the same has only one cent jurisdiction , the property and the bailiwick, however, belong to the Hessian house and the Fürth office. This share consists of 4 levels. But the whole village contains 13 houses with 158 selenium. There are also 2 mills at the place. The sovereign gets the toe in the Hart alone and there is the Hess. Bailiwick owned. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, after which provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights were retained.

In the years 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district districts were introduced, with Ober-Hiltersklingen becoming part of the district of Lindenfels and Unter-Hiltersklingen to the territorial district of Erbach . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration for the first time. Unter-Hiltersklingen came to the Freienstein Regional Court with its seat in Beerfelden and Ober-Hiltersklingen to the Fürth Regional Court as the court of first instance. This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Güttersbach was also responsible for the Erbach part of Hiltersklingen and parts of Hüttenthal , while the former Mainz part with the towns of Grasellenbach , Litzelbach and Oberscharbach belonged to the mayor's office in Hammelbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Hiltersklingen in 1829:

»Hiltersklingen (L. Bez. Erbach and Lindenfels) Lutheran Filialdorf is located 2 3/4 St. from Lindenfels and 1 1/4 St. from Erbach. This village is divided into Hiltersklingen proper (formerly Heltesklina) and Hilterskiingen an der Hardt. The former, belonging to the Count of Erbach-Fürstenau and belonging to the district of Erbach, has 22 houses and 145 souls, of which 137 are Lutheran, 6 Catholic and 2 are Reform, and came under Hess in 1806. Your highness The other part with 28 houses and 21l souls, including 19 Lutheran, 19 Catholic, and 2 Reform. came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. The whole thing belongs to the parish of Güttersbach. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district alongside the Bensheim district, to which the former Hiltersklingens part of Mainz now belonged. The territorial district districts were excluded from the formation of the district, so that the former Erbach part of Hiltersklingen remained in the district of Erbach. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

“Hilters blades. - Village, to the Protestant parish Güttersbach, resp. Catholic parish of Fürth. - 50 H. 356 E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - District of Heppenheim (z. Thl.) And District District Erbach (z. Thl.). - 1) Landger. Fürth, with regard to the Heppenheim district district; 2) Landger. Freienatein zu Beerfelden, with regard to the Erbach district ownership (including 4 mills). - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Hiltersklingen consists of 2 parts, the actual Hiltersklingen (formerly Helteskling) and Hiltersklingen on the Hardt. The former, belonging to the rulership of the Count of Erbach-Fürstenau, has 22 houses with 145 inhabitants and was only incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806. Hiltersklingen an der Hardt, on the other hand, containing 28 houses with 211 inhabitants, was ceded to Hessen in 1802 and was previously Churmainzian. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the administrative districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", with the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim being united to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Already four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and the formerly Mainz part of Hiltersklingen was assigned to the Lindenfels district and the formerly Erbachian part to the Erbach district . Both circles were newly created.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Hiltersklingen: For the formerly Erbach part of the village, now in the Erbach district:

“Hiltersklingen in Urk. Hildegeresbruno, Hiltegerskl. etc. consists of two different parts, one of which, the Hiltersklingen proper, came from Erbach in 1806, the latter Hiltersklingen an der Haardt, and from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. It already appears as Hildegeresbruno 773 in the Heppenheim mark description. (According to 2423 M., 466 A., 273 Wi., 1659 Wa.) Pop: 469. «

For the former Kurmainzer part of the village, now in Lindenfels:

“Hilterklingen in Urk. Hildegeresbrunno. Hiltegers blades etc. Lutheran Fld. appears as early as 773 in the Heppenheimer Markbeschreibnng, is divided into two parts, one of which belonged to the actual Hiltersklingen at Erbach, the second Hiltersklingen on the Hardt at Mainz. The former came under Hesse in 1806, the latter in 1802. (Gem. 1042 M. , 281 A (cker)., 22 Wi (ese)., 709 Wa (ald).) Population: 469. «

On January 8, 1855, the municipality, which had been known as Hiltersklingen until then, was formally divided into the two municipalities of Ober- and Unter-Hiltersklingen, and both municipalities were assigned to the Erbach district.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the sub-village Unter-Hiltersklingen with the mayor's office Hiltersklingen, 25 houses, 180 inhabitants, the Erbach district, the Freienstein district court, the Protestant parish Güttersbach of the dean's office in Erbach and the Catholic parish Erbach of the dean's office in Heppenheim.

For the Filialdorf Ober-Hiltersklingen with its own mayor's office, 41 houses, 333 inhabitants with the Hiltersklingen mayor's office, 25 houses, 180 inhabitants, the Erbach district, the Freienstein regional court, the Protestant parish Güttersbach of the Erbach deanery and the Catholic parish Erbach of the Heppenheim deanery, specified.

From 1839 the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thus creating an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim .

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 after the German defeat, Hiltersklingen also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1936 and 1946 show, Hiltersklingen also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the district sizes

for Unter-Hiltersklingen with 605  ha , of which 512 ha are forest and
for Ober-Hiltersklingen with 337 hectares, 184 hectares of which are forest.

On February 1, 1971, as part of the regional reform in Hesse, Ober-Hiltersklingen and Unter-Hiltersklingen merged to form the short-lived municipality of Hiltersklingen. On December 31, 1971, Hiltersklingen became a part of the newly founded municipality of Mossautal.

One of the two kindergartens in the Mossautal community is housed in the former school .

Population development

The following population figures are documented for both places.

Under-back blades:

  • Beginning of the 18th century: 10 able-bodied men and a sitter
  • 1961: 152 Protestant (= 89.94%), 17 Catholic (= 10.06%) residents
Unter-Hiltersklingen: Population from 1819 to 1970
year     Residents
1819
  
 145
1834
  
 251
1840
  
 203
1846
  
 292
1852
  
 196
1858
  
 221
1864
  
 204
1871
  
 180
1875
  
 183
1885
  
 175
1895
  
 171
1905
  
 136
1910
  
 147
1925
  
 151
1939
  
 145
1946
  
 217
1950
  
 195
1956
  
 165
1961
  
 169
1967
  
 218
1970
  
 218
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Upper rear blades :

  • Beginning of the 18th century: 3 able-bodied men
  • 1961: 235 Protestant (= 86.40%), 30 Catholic (= 11.03%) residents
Ober-Hiltersklingen: Population from 1819 to 1970
year     Residents
1819
  
 211
1834
  
 184
1840
  
 267
1846
  
 202
1852
  
 273
1858
  
 257
1864
  
 303
1871
  
 333
1875
  
 307
1885
  
 317
1895
  
 273
1905
  
 276
1910
  
 256
1925
  
 253
1939
  
 225
1946
  
 278
1950
  
 266
1956
  
 268
1961
  
 272
1967
  
 277
1970
  
 278
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Place name

The place name was mentioned in the historical documents with the following names (the year of mention in brackets):

  • Hildegers blades (1324)
  • Hilteger blades (1366)
  • Hilteger blades (1398)
  • Hildersklingen (1398–1400)
  • Hiltigerßclingen (1427)
  • Hilderßclingen (1443)
  • Hylterßblingen (1487)
  • Helteschling (16th century)
  • Hilgersclingen (1545)
  • Hilters blades (1829)
  • Unter-Hiltersblingen (1829)

Personalities

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 5 ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  2. ^ History of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country from 1856
  3. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 334–335
  4. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau, Darmstadt 1812. S. 178ff ( online at google books )
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Hiltersklingen, Odenwaldkreis. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of July 18, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 5, 2015 .
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the Principality of Lorsch, or Church history of the Upper Rhinegau , Darmstadt 1812. P. 242 ( online at Google Books )
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ↑ Georg W. Wagner: Volume 1, p. 110 ( online at Google Books )
  10. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 1, p. 622 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  11. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  12. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  13. ^ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality , Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854 ( online at google books )
  14. ↑ Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 321
  15. ↑ Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 343
  16. ↑ a b Unter-Hiltersklingen, Odenwaldkreis. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of April 17, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on May 13, 2018 .
  17. ↑ a b Ober-Hiltersklingen, Odenwaldkreis. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on May 13, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 88 ( online at google books )
  19. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 66 ( online at google books )
  20. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  21. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  22. ^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , para. 21 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  23. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 357-358 .