District District
From 1821, district districts were the lowest level of state administration in the parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse on the right bank of the Rhine .
History of the districts
In the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the existing offices in the parts on the right bank of the Rhine and the cantons in Rheinhessen were initially retained. A fundamental reorganization took place in 1821/22, which led to the formation of district councils in the areas on the right bank of the Rhine.
The aim of the reform was initially to combine and streamline administration and the associated cost savings. On the other hand, with the reform, the separation of administration and jurisdiction was made at the lowest level. District courts have been set up for jurisdiction . In order to be able to make better use of the existing office buildings, the seat of the district court was often moved to a different location than the seat of the district council. However, this division often turned out to be a hindrance, so that several district offices changed over time.
The reason for the different treatment of the areas on the left and right of the Rhine was the continued existence of the civil rights of the formerly sovereign princes and counts, which were mediated with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . The landlords continued to have rights both in administration and in jurisdiction. The civil servants and judges in the district administrative districts were appointed by the respective lords with the consent of the Grand Duke. In Rheinhessen there were no professional claims.
The district councils therefore had to follow the boundaries of the grown former rulers and were more fragmented than the districts in Rheinhessen. Two types of administrative districts emerged: domanial administrative districts, in which no civil privileges existed (these were formed in 1821) and civil administrative districts (formed in 1822).
The district court districts did not always correspond to the district council districts.
In 1832 a district reform took place. The domanial district councils were dissolved and converted into districts. In the following years, in some of the remaining districts, the privileges under civil status were extinguished and these districts were subsequently dissolved. The remaining (civil) district districts were dissolved after the March Revolution in 1848, and the remaining civil privileges were abolished with the “Law on the Conditions of Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, which was passed on August 9, 1848. Like the districts, they went up in newly created government districts . When, after the victory of the reaction, the administrative districts were dissolved and the old districts re-established, neither the civil privileges nor the administrative districts were restored. The areas of the former territorial administrative districts were merged into newly created circles.
List of administrative districts and competent courts
literature
- M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Local law in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 24 ( partial view on google books ).
- Johann Andreas Demian: Description or statistics and topography of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Volume 1, Verlag Le Roux, 1824, page 13ff (partial view at google books)
- Willi Görich : Administrative division 1821 [map] = plate 25a. In: Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde (Hg.): Historical Atlas of Hessen . Marburg 1960–1978. Digitized
- Ulrich Reuling : Administrative division 1821–1955. With an appendix on the administrative area reform in Hesse 1968–1981 . In: Fred Schwind (ed.): Historical Atlas of Hessen. Text and explanatory volume . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1984. ISBN 3-9212-5495-7 digitized
- Hans-Georg Ruppel: Historical place directory for the area of the former Grand Duchy and People's State of Hesse, 1976, page ff.
Web links
- "Administrative division 1821". Historical atlas of Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eckhart G. Franz : Introduction . In: Georg Ruppel and Karin Müller: Historical place directory for the area of the former Grand Duchy and People's State of Hesse with evidence of district and court affiliation from 1820 to the changes in the course of the municipal territorial reform = Darmstädter Archivschriften 2. Historical Association for Hesse. Darmstadt 1976, p. 12.
- ↑ "Edict on the constitutional relationships of the landlords in the Grand Duchy" of February 17, 1820 (Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1820, pp. 125–160)
- ^ The division of the country into district councils and district courts relating to July 20, 1821 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1821 No. 33 , p. 403–415 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 56.7 MB ]).
- ^ Edict of June 6, 1832; in: Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1832, pages 365–376
- ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).