District of Schotten

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The district of Schotten was a district in the province of Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . It existed from 1821 to 1832.

history

Emergence

In the course of the administrative reform of 1821 in the Grand Duchy, jurisdiction and administration were also separated at the lower level , and the tasks of the traditional offices were reorganized in district districts (responsible for administration) and district courts (responsible for jurisdiction). The district of Schotten emerged from it

The district contained 31 places. All belonged to the "Dominiallands", so they were under the exclusive sovereignty of the state.

The tasks of the judiciary of the first instance , which had performed the now dissolved offices, were transferred to the newly established Schotten Regional Court .

resolution

In the regional reform of 1832, the district councils were dissolved and merged into larger districts . Shortly afterwards, their layout was defined in a further regulation . The district of Schotten merged with the district of Nidda to form the district of Nidda .

Internal organization

The district of Schotten was divided into 21 mayorships , which were subordinate to the district administrator. Several smaller towns were often administered by a mayor's office. In accordance with the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, the municipalities were headed by an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council. Schultheiss were no longer used.

Mayorships

  1. Bermuthshain ,
  2. Betzenrod with idols ,
  3. Bobenhausen II ,
  4. Breungeshain ,
  5. Burkhards ,
  6. Crainfeld ,
  7. Acorn Saxony with hunting lodge Zwiefalten ,
  8. Field crutches with Kölzenhain ,
  9. Grebenhain ,
  10. Herchenhain with Hartmannshain ,
  11. Blast with Sichenhausen ,
  12. Michelbach with Busenborn ,
  13. Ober-Seibertenrod with Höckersdorf ,
  14. Rainrod ,
  15. Rudingshain ,
  16. Bulkheads ,
  17. Sellnrod with Schmitten ,
  18. Ulfa with Stornfels ,
  19. Ulrichstein ,
  20. Wingershausen with Eschenrod and
  21. Residential area with old grove .

Parallel specialist administrations

Financial management

The tax offices were responsible for the income from state property (the so-called domains ) . All places in the district were assigned to the Schotten Rent Office.

The tax administration was separate from this. For the district administration, the Nidda tax authority was responsible. The Schotten tax district was divided into two district taxpayers to which the following locations were assigned:

  1. Burkhards with Bermuthshain, Crainfeld, Eichelsachsen, Eschenrod, Grebenhain, Hartmannshain, Herchenhain, Kaulschlag, Rainrod, Sichenhausen, Stornfels, Ulfa, Wingertshausen;
  2. Schotten with Altenhain, Betzenrod, Bobenhausen, Breungeshain, Busenborn, Feldkrücken, Götzen, Heckersdorf, Kölzenhain, Michelbach, Oberseibertenrod, Rüdingshain, Schmitten, Sellnrod, Ulrichstein and Wohnfeld.

The district belonged to the main customs office Alsfeld and had a border secondary customs office 2nd class in Bermuthshain.

Forest

The forest districts belonged to the "Schotten forest" from the district administration:

  1. Eichelsachsen with Breungeshain, Burkhards, Busenborn, Eschenrod, Kaulstoss, Michelbach, Wingershausen and Zwiefalten,
  2. Field crutches with Altenhain, Bobenhausen, Götzen, Heckersdorf, Kölzenhain, Oberseibertenrod, Rüdingshain, Schmitten, Sellnrod, Ulrichstein and Wohnfeld,
  3. Grebenhain with Bermuthshain, Crainfeld, Hartmannshain, Herchenhain, Sichenhausen and
  4. Rainrod with Betzenrod, Schotten, Stornfels, Ulfa

church

The places of the district administration formed 12 Protestant parishes belonging to the "Inspectorate Schotten":

  1. Bobenhausen with field crutches, Heckersdorf, Kölzenhain, Oberseibertenrod and Wohnfeld
  2. Breungeshain
  3. Burkhards with a blow
  4. Busenborn
  5. Crainfeld with Bermuthshain and Grebenhain
  6. Ash rod
  7. Herchenhain with Hartmannshain and Sichenhausen
  8. Schotten with Betzenrod, Götzen, Michelbach, Rainrod and Rüdingshain
  9. Sellnrod with Altenhain and Schmitten
  10. Ulfa with Stornfels
  11. Ulrichstein
  12. Wingertshausen with acorn saxons and double folds

Historical description

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reported in 1829 on the district of Schotten:

The location is described as: “The whole district, with the exception of the places Stornfels and Ulfa, belongs to the Vogelsberg, and lies between the 50 °, 26 'and 50 °, 36' north latitude, and between the 26 °, 39 'and 27 °, 4 ′ east longitude, and is delimited to the north by the districts of Hungen, Grünberg and Alsfeld; to the east: from the Lauterbach district; towards the south: from the Electorate of Hesse and the district of Nidda; to the west: from the district of Hungen. "

The natural composition as: “a) Surface and soil: Here is the greatest height of the Vogelsberg, where it makes up the Oberwald. The mountains rise from the west, rise to the Oberwald and from there to the north. The Oberwald forms a great plain two miles long and four miles wide, and with its branches extending outward, it looks like a displaced star. This height consists of basalt, and the Breungeshainer Heide, which stretches to the highest height of the Oberwald, is one of the roughest areas where many people have lost their lives in winter. The highest peak of the Oberwald is the baptismal font, which rises to the southeast, and as a terrible basalt heap has only one entrance. The Grisselfels, an enormous basalt rock, faces northeast. The snow remains for most of the year. To the west the Ulrichsteiner Schloßberg rises, and to the south the Bilstein, which is initially Breungeshain. Many branches run out of the Oberwald in all directions, divide again, and gradually flatten out. The main features are: 1) the high road goes south-west and flattens out in the area of ​​Ortenberg and Lißberg; 2) the back on which the so-called dragon hole is located; this goes to the southwest; 3) the Feldkrücker Hohe, goes from the village of Feldkrücken southwest to the west, and then descends behind Schotten to the southwest; 4) the Bobenhäuser heights, go to the Grünberg district; 5) the Feldaer Heights, begin on the northern side of Ulrichstein, and go to the Alsfeld district; 6) the heights that run out from Oberwald towards Alsfeld in the Alsfeld district. The heights that the Vogelsberg forms in this district are as follows in decreasing height: the highest point 3104 Hess. Fuß (0.25 m) , Oberwald, also called seven maples, 2965 Hess. Foot, Hohenrodskopf 2948 Hess. Fuß, Nesselberg 2943 Hess. Foot, baptismal font 2924 Hess. Fuß, Forellenreich 2859 Hess. Foot, Geiselstein 2840 Hess. Foot, Bilstein 2600 Hess. Fuß, Herchenhain 2592 Hess. Foot, Ulrichstein Castle 2501 Hess. Foot, Küppel 2427 Hess. Fuß, Edmannshain 2341 Hess. Foot, field crutches 2093 Hess. Fuß, Crainfeld 1742 Hess. Foot, Kaulschlag 1726 Hess. Fuß, Kiliansherberg 1656 Hess. Fuß, Bobenhäuser Thalpunkt 1535 Hess. Fuß, Scholten 1044 Hess. Foot. The soil is not fertile because in many places it is mixed up with large and small stones, it also contains a lot of iron stones, so that the productive capacity sometimes ceases entirely. The rough areas of Herchenhain, Hartmannshain, Sichenhausen, Breungeshain, Feldkrücken, Kölzenhain etc. are particularly sterile, no fruit trees grow here, and no winter fruits are grown because they would seldom withstand the rigors of winter.
b) Waters: 1) the Nidda; 2) the nidder; 3) the ohms. "

The population as: “This is 15,851 souls; among these are 15,549 Evangelicals, 13 Catholics and 289 Jews who together inhabit 2 cities, 1 market town and 28 villages, altogether 2926 houses. "

The natural products as: “326 horses, 41 foals, 53 bulls, 353 oxen, 6333 cows, 3388 cattle; 2714 pigs; 9430 sheep; 350 goats; 59 donkeys. Grain, barley, oats, some wheat, flax, potatoes, fodder herbs. Basalts, both spherical and beautiful columnar basalt, are found in the greater part of the district, and often in immense numbers, since the Vogelsberg only belongs to the basalt formation. There are iron stones in Zwiefalten, just as tufstein, zeolite, black Schörle, red ocher occur here and there. "

The trade and commerce as: “Cattle breeding, handicrafts. Agriculture has to struggle with many and various difficulties because of the steep location of many goods, as well as because of the rough climate, so the inhabitants of this district belong to the poorer of the Voqelsberg, although they are very professional. Ulrichstein in particular drives a strong cattle breeding. There are 97 cloth makers in Schotten alone, and there are also some other districts. There are also 15 stocking weavers and 4 cloth makers in Schotten. 20 linen weavers. Betzenrod has 31 linen weavers; Breungeshain 15, Herchenhain 12, Michelbach 17, Götzen 11 etc. The inhabitants of Bobenhausen feed themselves partly on wool and cotton spiders and trade in linseed and oil. The 54 butchers in Schotten prepare a lot of good sausages and do a brisk trade with them. Then there are 15 shoemakers, 8 red tanners, 3 hat makers and 4 dyers in Schotten. The only place Rainrod has 74 nail smiths who manufacture a large amount of goods and sell them in the surrounding area and in more distant areas. Ulrichstein fattened a lot of cattle, such as oxen and pigs, and sold them. There are more than 70 mills in the district, including several fulling mills, the rest of which are grinding and oil mills. The cattle markets place a lot of money in Citkulauon, and especially in the markets in Herchenhain, Schotten and Crainfeld many cattle of all kinds are raised and sold. A road does not go through or touch the district, which means that the residents miss a not insignificant branch of food. "

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, July 20, 1821, p. 412.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse. Volume 3, Darmstadt 1830, p. 262 ff. ( Google books )
  3. ↑ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 33, July 20, 1821, p. 412.
  4. ↑ Art. 1 Edict, the organization of the government agencies subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior and Justice, relating to June 6, 1832. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 55, July 4, 1832, pp. 365–376.
  5. ^ Ordinance on the formation of circles in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse on August 20, 1832. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 74, September 5, 1832, pp. 561-563 (563).