Old weights and measures (Hessen)
Grand Duchy of Hesse
On December 10, 1817, a new system of measures and weights was legally adopted in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and introduced in 1821. The law redefined the previous units (foot, measure, painter and pound) analogous to the versions of the French metric system valid at that time based on the length of the earth's meridian quadrant and the density of water at its greatest density. Therefore the conversion factors listed below are exact.
According to a law of May 1829, the medical weight - the so-called Nuremberg weight - was to remain valid until further notice, although the lack of uniformity was complained about.
Lengths
The measure of length was based on the inch, which was defined as the "four hundred millionth part of the earth's meridian quadrant". This definition implied a ratio of 1 meter = 40 inches
line | 1/10 in | 0.0025 m = 2.5 mm |
---|---|---|
inch | (Base unit) | 0.025 m = 2.5 cm |
Decimal feet | 10 inches | = 0.25 m |
Plant base | 12 inches | = 0.3 m |
Cubit | 24 inches | = 0.6 m |
Fathoms | 100 inches | = 2.5 m |
mile | = 7500 m = 7.5 km (1818, New Post Mile ) |
- Alte Postmeile = 33 810 Bavarian. Foot ≈ 9867.75 m ≈ 9.868 km
Surfaces
The following applies to the area dimensions
Square inches | (Base unit) | = 6.25 cm² |
---|---|---|
Square feet | = 100 square inches | = 0.0625 m² |
Square fathoms | = 100 square feet | = 6.25 m² |
quarter | = 100 square fathoms | = 625 m² |
tomorrow | = 4 quarters | = 0.25 ha |
volume
The cubic inch and analogous derivations formed the basis for the dimensions of the measure. The resulting dimensions of the measure were given different names depending on whether they were used for liquids over bulk goods.
Cubic inches | (Base unit) | = 15.625 ml |
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Cubic feet | = 1000 cubic inches | = 15.625 l |
Cubic fathoms | = 1000 cubic feet | = 156.25 hl |
Pint | = 32 cubic inches | = 0.5 l = 500 ml |
---|---|---|
Measure | = 4 bottles | = 2 l |
quarter | = 4 dimensions | = 8 l |
ohm | = 20 quarters | 160 l = 1.6 hl |
Little | = 32 cubic inches | = 0.5 l | |
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Gescheid | = 4 gauges | = 2 l | |
Kumpf | = 4 history | = 8 l | |
Simmer | = 4 kump | = 32 l | |
Malter | 4 simmers | = 128.01 l | = 128 l (1818) |
Weights
The weight system was based on the Loth which was defined as the weight of one cubic inch of water at its greatest density. This resulted in the value of exactly 500 g for the pound, which would later be customary throughout Germany.
Tiny bit | = ¼ Loth | = 3.90625 g |
---|---|---|
Loth | = 1/32 pound | = 15.625 g |
lb | (Base size) | = 500 g = 0.5 kg (1821) |
Hundredweight | = 100 pounds | = 50 kg |
Electorate of Hesse
Until at least the middle of the 19th century, there was no uniform system of measurements and weights in the Electorate of Hesse .
Free City of Frankfurt am Main
The following units of measurement were used in the Free City of Frankfurt in 1830:
Frankfurt unit | Subdivision | Metric unit | Etalon |
---|---|---|---|
1 work shoe ( foot ) | 12 inches = 144 lines | 0.2846 meters | Brass standard, 1777 |
1 cubit | Half, quarter, eighth, etc. | 0.5473 meters | Brass standard, 1778 |
1 suburban field rod | 12.5 work shoe = 10 field shoe = 100 field inches | 3.5576 meters | No |
1 suburban forest rod | 10 forest feet = 100 forest inches = 1000 forest lines = 15.8489 Werkschuh | 4,511 meters | Brass, 1801 |
1 field morning | 160 square field rods = 25,000 square shoe | 2025 square meters | |
1 forest morning | 160 square wood rods = 40,190 square shoe | 3255.5 square meters | |
1 hoof or hoof | 30 field mornings | 60,751 square meters | |
1 cubic rod | 1953.125 cubic shoe | 45,028 cubic meters | |
1 ohm | 20 quarters = 80 standard size = 90 side measure or tap size = 320 bottles | 143.43 liters | Standard and gift gauge, cast from brass |
1 malter or eighth | 4 simmers = 8 gauges = 16 sixths = 64 gables = 64 standard = 256 gauges | 114.74 liters | Copper standards, 1806 |
1 heavy pound (trading pound , wholesale ) |
Half, quarter, eighth, etc. | 505.296 grams | |
1 light pound (shopper pound , in detail ) |
2 marks = 16 ounces = 32 lots = 128 quents = 256 pfennigs |
467.867 grams |
Augsburg-Cologne mark , brass, 1761 |
1 quintals | 100 heavy pounds = 108 light pounds | 50.53 kilograms |
The oldest systematic compilation of measures and weights can already be found in the Frankfurt Reformation .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Law concerning the application of the new system of measures and weights ( Wikisource )
- ↑ a b Ordinance on the introduction of uniform dimensions in the Grand Duchy of Hesse (1817) Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt Retrieved on July 7, 2019
- ^ Johann Friedrich Hauschild, Georg K. Chelius: tables for comparison of the weights of different countries and cities. In addition to the latest ordinances and studies on weights and measures, as well as several contributions to the correction of weight science. Verlag der Jägerschen, Frankfurt am Main 1836, p. 107.
- ↑ Ratios of the most excellent domestic and foreign weights and cubits to the new Grand Ducal Hessians ( Wikisource )
- ↑ Georg Kaspar Chelius : Measure and weight book. Third edition. Verlag der Jägerschen Buch-, Papier- und Landkartenhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1830, with additions by Johann Friedrich Hauschild and a preface by Heinrich Christian Schumacher ; online in the google book search.