Ohm (liquid measure)

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The ohm , also Ahm , Ohme , Saum , Sauma , Soma , Sohm was a unit of volume derived from the Latin name of the bucket , "ama". The measure was common in Germany , Denmark , the Netherlands , here Aam, Estonia , Sweden and Switzerland . One ohm was equivalent to between 134 and 174.75 liters . The term was applied almost exclusively to liquid volumes and also, but not exclusively, to wine .

Ohm as a hem measure

The reason for the development were the conditions that the transport of large quantities of liquids brought with it. One ohm corresponded to the resilience of a pack animal . This unit of measurement played an important role, especially in mountainous regions , as one could only cross the so-called mule paths (mountain passes that were difficult to pass) with pack animals . The beast of burden was hung on the side with two evenly loaded containers - the so-called pegs . So two lags gave one ohm .

Since different pack animals were used in different places ( donkey , mule , horse ), this also explains the divergent correspondences to today's dimensions in different regions. Donkeys and mules could be loaded with about 120.5 kilograms (134 liters of oil), horses, however, with 136 kilograms (151 liters). Ohm sizes over 150 liters can be explained by the fact that the so-called wagon hem was used, which also corresponds to carts used in the mountains.

Proportions

The dimensional chain for the Ohm was different from region to region. Generally 6 large or 10 small ohms were a loader . A predominant division was in the distinction between large and small ohms, for example in the Grand Duchy of Baden . The measure (old) was only referred to in Freiburg with the Wueger measure .

  • 1 ohm (large) = 20 quarters = 80 measure (old) = 90 measure (new) = 320 bottles
  • 1 ohm (small) = 12 quarters

In the Duchy of Braunschweig one calculated

Generally 1½ ohms was equal to one Oxhoft .

The hem measurement is not always the same as the ohm. Hem in Switzerland and Austria was a measure of volume and weight. Hem in Switzerland had 3 ohms in Basel . In Vienna the weight of a hem was 275 Wiener pounds. In the steel trade, a hem had 2 nails or 250 Viennese pounds, which was 140 kilograms . In the German textile industry , the hem was known as a measure for cloth.

Different ohm equivalents

One ohm corresponded to:

  • Bathing 150.1 liters
  • Basel 45 liters (= 32 mass)
  • Braunschweig 149.895 liters
  • Coburg 139.32 liters
  • Denmark 149.75 liters or sometimes 154.58 liters
  • Frankfurt am Main 143.42 liters
  • Hanover 155.758 liters
  • Lübeck Sachsen-Meiningen 64.45 liters
  • Mecklenburg, 145.5 liters
  • Norway 149.591 liters
  • Prussia 137.404 liters
  • Rheinhessen 160 liters
  • Russia 147.591 liters
  • Sweden 157.039 liters
  • Switzerland (hem) 150.1 liters
  • Tübingen 146.8 liters

See also

literature

  • Ahm. In: Johann Christoph Adelung : Grammatical-critical dictionary of the High German dialect. 2nd Edition. Volume 1: First Thei: A – E. Leipzig 1793, pp. 184-185 ( zeno.org ).
  • Ohm or Ahm . In: General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes: Conversations-Lexikon . tape 8 : OQ . Brockhaus, Leipzig 1835, p. 51-52 ( books.google.de ).
  • Ohm, fnm. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 13 : N, O, P, Q - (VII). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1889, Sp. 1200 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  • Helmut Kahnt, Bernd Knorr: Old measures, coins and weights: a lexicon . Licensed edition of the Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig. Bibliographical Institute, Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-411-02148-9 .
  • Wolfgang Trapp : Small manual of the measures, numbers, weights and the time calculation. 2nd edition, Reclam, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-15-008737-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Friedrich Krüger : Complete manual of the coins, measures and weights of all countries in the world. Gottfried Basse, Quedlinburg / Leipzig 1830, p. 211.
  2. ↑ a b General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. Volume 7, FA Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig 1835, p. 188 ( books.google.de )
  3. ↑ Georg Thomas Flügel: Cours-Zettel continued as a handbook for coin, measure, weight and usage customers as well as bills of exchange, banking, government paper and stocks for bankers and merchants. Verlag Jägerschen book, paper and map store. Frankfurt am Main 1859, p. 120.
  4. ^ Anne-Marie Dubler : Hem. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  5. ↑ Samuel C. Bunzel: New commercial arithmetic book. Volume 2, Gustav Philipp Jakob Bieling, Nuremberg 1789, pp. 133, 204.
  6. ^ Anne-Marie Dubler : Ohm. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ohm . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 12, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 345.