Herchenhain

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Herchenhain
Municipality Grebenhain
Herchenhain coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 57 ″  N , 9 ° 16 ′ 6 ″  E
Height : 667 m
Area : 7.44 km²
Residents : 399  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 54 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 36355
Area code : 06644
View of Hartmannshain and Herchenhain from a system in the neighboring wind farm
View of Hartmannshain and Herchenhain from a system in the neighboring wind farm

Herchenhain is a district of the Grebenhain community in the Vogelsberg district in Central Hesse .

Geographical location

The village is on the open ground, about 5 km west of Grebenhain and immediately southwest of the Herchenhainer Höhe . It is the westernmost part of the municipality and the highest place in Hesse.

history

Evangelical parish church in Herchenhain

The oldest known documentary mention of Herchenhain was in a document from 1289 as villa Herchenhain . On September 29, 1358, Count Gottfried VII von Ziegenhain certified that he had left half of Herchenhain with the exception of the church set to Abbot Heinrich VII of Fulda and that they had both built a castle and town there, which are regarded as completely common and in the event of a feud between them, the courts of Burkhard and Crainfeld were to serve as protection and shield. On April 9, 1359, Emperor Karl IV granted Herchenhain town rights and thus the right to hold markets. However, the real development of a city did not come about in the following centuries. So far there is also no evidence of the actual construction of a castle in Herchenhain.

In 1536 the first Protestant pastor in Herchenhain is mentioned (a Mr. Henrius ). During the Thirty Years War , Herchenhain was plundered in 1622 by the troops of Duke Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , and in 1634 by Croatian mercenaries. In 1635 the bubonic plague ruled and killed many residents.

From 1841 to 1843 there were bad harvests and great famine in Herchenhain, which is why many residents emigrated to North America and later to the industrial conurbations. 54 yards disappeared completely. in World War II Herchenhain was in the night of 7 to 8 August 1941 British warplanes bombed, destroyed whereby several houses and farms, and two people were killed. The target of the attack was possibly the nearby air ammunition plant Hartmannshain in the Oberwald, colloquially called Muna .

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Herchenhain in 1830:

"Herchenhain (L. Bez. Schotten) evangel. Parish village; is in Vogelsberg am Bilstein, in a very cold, rough area, and 2592 Hess. (1994 Par.) Raised feet above sea level, such as 4 St. from Schotten. The place has a church, 91 houses and 508 Protestant residents, among whom are 12 weavers and 10 shoemakers. Two cattle and grocer's markets are held annually, each of which lasts two days and which are very popular. The place itself also practices strong cattle breeding, as the area has a lot of meadows and pastures, the former more than arable fields. In 1785 the snow was 12 feet high and higher. - In the 14th century the church of Herchenhain is called as a parish church, to which Sichenhausen and Hartmannshain belonged as branches. The September 29, 1358 committed the Fuldische Abbot Henry that he left to Count Gottfried von Ziegenhain half of Herchenhain, except for the church record, and that they are both there a castle and builded a city, which are completely considered together, and in the case a feud between them or their heirs should serve as protection and protection for the courts of Burkhard and Crainfeld. This castle and town probably did not last long, but the markets may well be derived from those times. "

In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Herchenhain merged on December 31, 1971 with ten neighboring municipalities to form the newly formed large municipality of Grebenhain. Since August 1st, 1972 the place belongs to the then newly formed Vogelsbergkreis .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Herchenhain was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the Lißberg office was responsible for Herchenhain. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. Herchenhain much in the judicial district of the " Landgericht Schotten ".

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts at the same location, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Amtsgericht Schotten" and the district was allocated of the regional court of Giessen . On November 1, 1907, Herchenhain was assigned to the district of the Ortenberg District Court . With effect from November 1, 1949, Herchenhain was assigned to the district of the Herbstein District Court . On July 1, 1957, the Herbstein District Court lost its independence and finally became a branch of the Lauterbach District Court after it was already at the end of the Second World War . On July 1, 1968, this branch was also closed. On January 1, 2005, the Lauterbach District Court was repealed as a full court and became a branch of the Alsfeld District Court . On January 1, 2012, this branch was also closed. The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

Population development

• 1791: 462 inhabitants
• 1800: 503 inhabitants
• 1806: 515 inhabitants, 91 houses
• 1829: 508 inhabitants, 100 houses
• 1867: 426 inhabitants, 66 inhabited buildings
• 1875: 385 inhabitants, 68 inhabited buildings
Herchenhain: Population from 1791 to 2016
year     Residents
1791
  
 462
1800
  
 503
1806
  
 515
1829
  
 508
1834
  
 502
1840
  
 505
1846
  
 566
1852
  
 493
1858
  
 468
1864
  
 434
1871
  
 405
1875
  
 385
1885
  
 345
1895
  
 352
1905
  
 358
1910
  
 340
1925
  
 321
1939
  
 329
1946
  
 384
1950
  
 403
1956
  
 363
1961
  
 349
1967
  
 412
1970
  
 412
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 411
2016
  
 399
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources: after 1970 municipality Grebenhain; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 508 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 317 Protestant (= 90.83%), 25 Catholic (= 7.16%) residents

politics

Mayor

The mayor is Marco Straßberger (as of 2016) .

coat of arms

Herchenhain coat of arms
 Blazon : “Shield split. On the left a black cross in silver, on the right a six-pointed silver star in black and gold graduation. "
Justification of the coat of arms: The split shield shows the coat of arms of the Counts of Ziegenhain in the left field and the coat of arms of the abbey of Fulda in the right field. It is reminiscent of the agreement concluded by both territorial lords in 1358 to found a common castle and town in Herchenhain.

In June 1951, the Herchenhain community was granted the right to use a coat of arms by the Hessian State Ministry.

The coat of arms is used in a modified form by the local sports club to this day.

Culture and sights

Johanism Market

Herchenhain celebrated its 650th St. John's market in 2009 . A stocking of this traditional market can be traced from a record from 1846, when the market in Herchenhain was very busy, with 151 innkeepers, 306 large and 449 small shopkeepers, 2 carousels, 1 wax museum, 12 circuses, as well as the buoyancy of 1356 Head of cattle and 501 pigs. The Herchenhainer Johannismarkt was the most important market in the entire region, especially since the regionally important road connection Frankfurter Straße crossed the town until the 19th century .

societies

Memorial of the VHC on the Herchenhainer Höhe

Due to the proximity to the Hartmannshain district, associations have been formed to which residents of both villages belong as members. This includes:

  • the sports club Spvgg Hartmannshain / Herchenhain
  • the nature association VHC Hartmannshain / Herchenhain

Cultural monuments

See the list of cultural monuments in Herchenhain .

Economy and Infrastructure

Herchenhain was originally a place dominated by agriculture. Attempts to set up industry failed. After the connection to the Vogelsbergbahn in 1906, tourism developed. Herchenhain is a local recreation area for the Rhine-Main region . There are hiking trails, groomed trails and a ski lift.

In 1926 a youth hostel was built on the Herchenhainer Höhe and operated by the Vogelsberger Höhen-Club (VHC) under the name of Vater-Bender-Heim . It was destroyed in the bombing raid in 1941 and was never rebuilt. Today a VHC hiking home on the Hoherodskopf bears the name of Vater-Bender-Heim . The now closed Hotel-Restaurant Bergrasthaus Herchenhainer Höhe was opened on the site of the former youth hostel .

The state road L 3338 crosses Herchenhain in the south and joins the federal road 275 in neighboring Hartmannshain .

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Herchenhain, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Information on the districts. In: Website of the municipality of Grebenhain. Retrieved January 21, 2018 .
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 119 ( online at google books ).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 368 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Martin Röhling: Niddaer Geschichtsblätter. Issue 9 . The story of the Counts of Nidda and the Counts of Ziegenhain. Ed .: Niddaer Heimatmuseum e. V. Im Selbstverlag, 2005, ISBN 3-9803915-9-0 , p. 75, 115 .
  8. ^ The affiliation of the Nidda office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604-1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567-1866 .
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 26 point d) IX. ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  203 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 9 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  272 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 420 ( online at Google Books ).
  14. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 262 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  15. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian Landtag [PDF]).
  16. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  17. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  225 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  18. ↑ Housing spaces 1867 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 122 ( online at google books ).
  19. ↑ Residential places 1875 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 15 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 18 ( online at google books ).
  20. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  21. ^ Karl Ernst Demandt , Otto Renkhoff : Hessisches Ortswappenbuch. C. A. Starke Verlag, Glücksburg / Ostsee 1956.
  22. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the Herchenhain community, Lauterbach district, Darmstadt administrative district from June 14, 1951 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1951 no. 26 , p. 350 , point 572 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.8 MB ]).