Grebenhain (district)

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Grebenhain
Municipality Grebenhain
Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 24 ″  N , 9 ° 20 ′ 16 ″  E
Height : 431 m
Area : 15.77 km²
Residents : 986  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 63 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 36355
Area code : 06644
View of Grebenhain
View of Grebenhain

Grebenhain is the second largest district and the seat of the administration of the municipality of the same name Grebenhain in Vogelsbergkreis in central Hesse . The district Grebenhain consists of the village Grebenhain and 1 km west located and only after 1946 from a munitions plant resulting settlement Oberwald .

geography

View of Grebenhain

Grebenhain ( 431  m above sea level ) is located in the Hohen Vogelsberg , one of the largest shield volcanoes in Europe. The village is located four km east of the Herchenhainer Höhe (733 m above sea level) and the Grebenhainer Berg (729 m above sea level) and south of the Klöshorst (550 m above sea level) as the highest point of a ridge in an easterly direction. The lowest point is 425 m above sea level. NN in the Wagbachaue. The district of Grebenhain has an area of ​​1477 ha. It is located on an eastern slope of the Vogelsberg massif, the valley location of which opens towards Fulda. Therefore you have a good view of the Rhön , but not of the Taunus .

Grebenhain is geographically part of the water catchment area of ​​the Weser. The Rhine-Weser watershed is located between Grebenhain and Hartmannshain. The most important rivers of Grebe Hainer valley is coming from the south-westerly Oberwald called Wagbach that early at a mill race system with multiple water saving water structurally rebuilt and along the contour line around the hill on Katzenangel was led around. Up to a few decades ago, up to five mills in the Ahlmühle and Grebenhain got their water energy from this. This ditch is called Mühlgraben by the Hessian State Office for Soil Management and Geoinformation up to the center of the village, then as Waaggraben from the confluence with a natural stream that also comes from the Oberwald. A large water reservoir in the ditch system is the fortified swimming pool , which was used as such with a diving board until the 1960s. According to the water quality map of Hesse, the Wagbach (locally more correctly called Waaggraben ) is called the Schwarza after its confluence with the northern Maulsbach behind Vaitshain , which flows into the Lüder in the Schlechtenwegen district not far from Blankenau . Contrary to this, in an ecological report from 1986 the Wagbach directly from Grebenhain is referred to as Schwarza. A fishing pond, the so-called Katzenteich , which was expanded to around 1.7 hectares of water in the 1970s , lies to the west between the village of Grebenhain and the settlement of Ahlmühle.

history

middle Ages

Grebenhain, like most of its neighboring villages, was probably created around 1000 in connection with the increasing clearing and land development in the Vogelsberg area during the high Middle Ages . It belonged to the property of the Fulda monastery in the Wetterau , which was administered in the high Middle Ages by the Count of Nidda as his governor. After the Nidda Count's House was extinguished in 1206, the village came to the Counts of Ziegenhain and, before they died out in 1434, to the Landgraves of Hesse . Together with Bermuthshain , Crainfeld and Ilbeshausen , Grebenhain always belonged to the Nidda office and the Crainfeld court in the old Hessian era . After the various divisions of Hesse in the 16th century, it belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt from 1604 .

A Mainz document from 1067, in which the newly founded parish Breungeshain, among other things, were assigned tithe rights in a place called Giesenhachon , was interpreted as the first mention of Grebenhain for a long time and was also the basis of the 925th anniversary celebration in 1992. This interpretation is based on However, current knowledge is not assured. The oldest clear mentions of the place can be found in two Riedesel pledging documents dated November 23 and December 15, 1338 as Grebenheyn and Greffenheyn .

Old postcard from Grebenhain

The damming of the Schwarza resulted in a large fish pond on the west side of the village in the Middle Ages, which was first mentioned in 1429 as see zu Grebenhayn . In terms of its size, it roughly corresponded to today's Nieder-Mooser pond. The fish Justice stood until 1559 half each to the Landgrave of Hesse , and the sedge donkeys. After several years of legal dispute, the Riedesel finally renounced their rights to the Grebenhainer pond in 1569 and received the source area of ​​the Moosbach from Hesse for the construction of today's Mooser ponds . The pond was finally drained in 1789 and the area was used for agricultural purposes. Parts of the dam are still visible, especially in front of the local kindergarten and in front of the sports grounds.

Up until the late Middle Ages, iron ore was mined and smelted in the vicinity of Grebenhain, which is still remembered by the field name Am Eisenberg and the Eisenbergsweg . In the 15th century, thirteen men from Grebenhain were killed when a mine collapsed . Mining, which was no longer profitable, was stopped before 1500.

During the late medieval agricultural crisis , the village of Schershain (first mentioned in 1399), about two and a half kilometers west of Grebenhain on the edge of the Oberwald forest , was abandoned by its inhabitants and turned into a desert . The Ahlmühlen (grain mills with water wheels) located below Schershain remained.

Beginning of the modern age

Around 1580 to 1590 a school was set up for the first time in the neighboring main town of Crainfeld, which the children from Grebenhain also attended initially. After schools were initially set up in the other branches of the parish of Crainfeld, the Grebenhain community received its own school in 1679 at the request of Pastor Keyser in Crainfeld.

During the Thirty Years' War , Grebenhain was fortified by building moats and earth walls in order to be able to offer protection to the population of the surrounding villages. The water ditches were fed from the neighboring pond. Despite these fortifications, the place was stormed, looted and set on fire by Swedish soldiers in 1646 . 42 of 45 riding at court and the church were destroyed by flames. Local house names such as Wendeschanze and Schanzehennerjes are still reminiscent of the fortifications .

Grebenhain was also hit by a major fire, this time caused by the carelessness of several young boys, in 1748. 15 houses and barns were affected. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), alternating French and Allied troops camped in the court of Crainfeld and forced extensive "foraging". In the summer of 1762 a major battle took place near Crainfeld and Grebenhain, in which the French were crushed.

19th century

Parcel hand plan from 1832

After the new Hessian municipal code came into force in 1821, the court organization inherited from the Middle Ages was abolished and the previous court in Crainfeld was dissolved. An elected mayor took the place of the previous mayor. Grebenhain first belonged to the district of Schotten before it was incorporated into the Nidda district in 1832 . In 1848 the village became part of the short-lived administrative district of Nidda and after its dissolution in 1852 it became part of the Lauterbach district .

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Grebenhain in 1830:

"Grebenhain (L. Bez. Schotten) evangel. Branch village; is located in Vogelsberg am Bilstein, 3 St. from Schotten, has 100 houses and 568 inhabitants, all of whom are Protestant. There are 5 grinding and 2 oil mills. The place Schershayn or Schereshayn was nearby. "

The decision of the grand ducal government to run the road from Lauterbach to Gedern , built between 1831 and 1857, not via the previous intersection of Crainfeld, but via Grebenhain , had a lasting influence on the further development of the Grebenhain community . Already in 1857 one was in Grebenhain Post Expedition built, coupled with the establishment of a regular coach connection to Steinau and a network of country postmen . In the following period, Grebenhain gradually began to displace the neighboring Crainfeld in its function as the local center of traffic, trade and commerce.

20th century until today

This development accelerated with the construction of the Vogelsbergbahn between Lauterbach and Gedern. As early as 1901, Grebenhain received a common train station with Crainfeld, which was initially the end point of the line from Lauterbach, before it was completed in 1906 to Gedern. The street between the town and the train station became Bahnhofstraße , along which in the years and decades that followed, in addition to two residential buildings for railway officials, many private properties for farmers, craftsmen and tradespeople were built. In this way, Grebenhain was given the character of a street village , although historically it was a clustered village .

Due to the steady increase in population, in 1905 the municipality of Grebenhain had the schoolhouse built in 1895 at Hauptstrasse 12 enlarged by one floor, which is now privately owned ( old school building ). Another school building was later built at Bahnhofsstrasse 1, which is also privately owned today and demolished in 2017.

In 1907 Grebenhain received a water pipe and in 1921 it was connected to the electrical power grid of the Oberhessen overland plant . The first land consolidation took place in the Grebenhain district between 1928 and 1934 .

Through the initiative of the nationalist veterinarian Otto Lang , who has been based in Grebenhain since 1927, the establishment of nationalist, political party structures began relatively early on. As a result, on March 1, 1929, the first local NSDAP group was founded in Grebenhain in what was then the Lauterbach district.

During the time of the National Socialist dictatorship , the construction of an ammunition plant (Muna) for the German Air Force began in April 1936 in the Oberwald west of the Ahlmühlen. The facility, camouflaged in the forest, was officially called the Hartmannshain air ammunition facility , although it was located in the Grebenhain district. During the Second World War, up to 800 local conscripts from the entire region and (from 1943) forced laborers from the German-occupied Ukraine worked in the Muna on the completion and packaging of aircraft bombs and other air weapon ammunition.

The Muna buildings that have been preserved formed the cornerstone for the settlement of civil industrial companies from 1946 onwards, which were mainly founded by expellees from the German eastern regions and the Sudetenland . In this way, Grebenhain, which was dominated by agriculture until the mid-1930s, turned into an industrial community. The Oberwald settlement emerged from the part of the barracks near the road . Between 1982 and 1991 the so-called Forward Storage Site Grebenhain existed , a NATO ammunition and fuel depot operated by the US Army on a part of the former Muna. In addition to the industrial area in the Oberwald, another was built in the mid-1960s at the eastern end of the village in the direction of Vaitshain .

Old bakery on the dance floor

In 1954 a two-story new building of a modern village community center and a school building were built at the western end of the village in the direction of Hartmannshain . As part of the introduction of the central schools in Hesse, Grebenhain was determined as the location of such a school at an early stage and in 1964 a school association of the then still independent communities of Bermuthshain, Crainfeld, Grebenhain, Hartmannshain, Herchenhain , Nösberts-Weidmoos , Vaitshain and Volkartshain was founded. In 1970, the building complex of today's Oberwaldschule was finally completed, making Grebenhain the school center for a large part of the southeastern Vogelsberg.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , Grebenhain was determined as the seat of one of the large communities to be newly established due to its already developed central local functions . On December 31, 1971, the previously independent municipalities of Bannerod , Bermuthshain, Crainfeld, Grebenhain, Hartmannshain, Heisters, Herchenhain, Ilbeshausen, Metzlos , Nösberts-Weidmoos, Vaitshain and Volkartshain merged to form the new municipality of Grebenhain. On August 1, 1972, the previously independent municipalities of Metzlos-Gehaag and Steigertal ( Heisters , Wünsch-Moos , Zahmen ) were incorporated. Since that day, Grebenhain has been part of the Vogelsbergkreis, which arose from the merger of the former Alsfeld and Lauterbach districts with the involvement of the city of Schotten .

The seat of the municipal administration was initially the old parish hall next to the old school building on the main street. In 1987, the former village hall became the new town hall rebuilt and next to it a central town house built for the greater community of Grebenhain.

In 1975, after the previous construction of a local sewer system, a joint sewage treatment plant for Grebenhain and Vaitshain was put into operation, which was expanded in 1986.

From 1990 to 1999 Grebenhain was funded as a core part of the municipality by the village renewal program of the state of Hesse.

The Grebenhain Forestry Office was closed in 2003 due to the massive austerity measures implemented by the Hessian state government's Operation Safe Future ( Koch II cabinet ) and added to the neighboring Schotten Forestry Office (today Hessenforst State Office).

Fire extinguishing

Even before the 18th century there was a fire extinguishing system in the villages, which was more strictly regulated by law, especially after the Thirty Years War, when Grebenhain burned down completely in 1646. By the new fire extinguishing regulations of the government of Hessen-Darmstadt from June 18, 1767 Grebenhain was assigned a fire engine. The hand pump syringes were therefore checked quarterly. According to this order, all villagers "except the very old and children under 15 years" had to show commitment to fire fighting ( compulsory fire brigade ). In 1786 the court of Crainfeld received a pressure pump for the four court communities of Crainfeld, Bermuthshain, Grebenhain and Ilbeshausen, which from then on formed a joint syringe association. The pressure extinguishing pump was stationed in a syringe house in Grebenhain.

Until 1928 there was a compulsory fire brigade in Grebenhain , which in the same year became the volunteer fire brigade Grebenhain under the direction of Heinrich Lind VI. was newly founded. Since then, all members, active and passive, have been active on a voluntary basis. Since the Grebenhain volunteer fire brigade received one of the first motorized syringes in the Lauterbach district in 1930, it was often alerted to external fires. Women were also involved in active service during World War II.

In 1955 a new syringe house was built. In 1965 the 200th anniversary of the Grebenhainer Wehr was celebrated as part of the district fire brigade festival and the first youth fire brigade was founded to secure the next generation. Due to the supra- local importance in fire and danger prevention, as part of the establishment of base fire brigades in the Vogelsberg district, a fire department base was set up on the outskirts of Hartmannshain. Ever greater problems with young talent led to the establishment of a children's fire brigade in early 2018 .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Grebenhain was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the Lißberg office was responsible for Grebenhain. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. Grebenhain a lot in the judicial district of the " Landgericht Schotten ". With effect from May 1, 1849, Grebenhain was assigned to the Altenschlirf district court . In 1854 the seat of the regional court was moved to Herbstein .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Amtsgericht Herbstein" and assigned to the district of the regional court of Giessen .

On July 1, 1957, the Herbstein District Court lost its independence and finally became a branch of the Lauterbach District Court after it was already at the end of the Second World War . On July 1, 1968, this branch was also closed. On January 1, 2005, the Lauterbach District Court was repealed as a full court and became a branch of the Alsfeld District Court . On January 1, 2012, this branch was also closed. The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

Population development

Up to the beginning of the 20th century, Grebenhain lived roughly as many people as in the two neighboring communities of Bermuthshain and Crainfeld. With the connection to the railway network (1901) the population increased significantly. The inclusion of expellees and the settlement of industrial companies after the Second World War led to a significant increase in population. The population of Grebenhain has developed as follows since 1791:

• 1791: 538 inhabitants
• 1800: 560 inhabitants
• 1806: 552 inhabitants, 102 houses
• 1829: 568 inhabitants, 100 houses
• 1867: 548 inhabitants, 87 inhabited buildings
• 1875: 552 inhabitants, 84 inhabited buildings
Grebenhain: Population from 1791 to 2016
year     Residents
1791
  
 538
1800
  
 560
1806
  
 552
1829
  
 568
1834
  
 560
1840
  
 551
1846
  
 562
1852
  
 519
1858
  
 550
1864
  
 563
1871
  
 555
1875
  
 552
1885
  
 564
1895
  
 547
1905
  
 701
1910
  
 710
1925
  
 653
1939
  
 746
1946
  
 1,179
1950
  
 1,214
1956
  
 1,086
1961
  
 1.007
1967
  
 941
1970
  
 943
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2005
  
 998
2011
  
 1,023
2016
  
 986
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources: after 1970 municipality Grebenhain; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 568 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 748 Protestant (= 74.28%), 244 (= 24.23%) Catholic residents

religion

Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary

From the beginning, Grebenhain belonged to the parish of Crainfeld, founded in 1011, in which the Reformation was introduced in 1527 . Until 1945, Grebenhain was, with the exception of a few occasionally resident Catholics and up to three Jewish families, almost entirely Protestant. In 1946, numerous Catholic expellees from the Sudetenland came to the village. They founded their own Catholic parish Maria Himmelfahrt , to whose area today, in addition to the large parish Grebenhain, Freiensteinau also belongs.

Grebenhain has had its own house of worship since the Middle Ages, which belongs to the Protestant parish in neighboring Crainfeld. The newly founded Catholic parish "Maria Himmelfahrt" first built an emergency church in the Eisenbergsweg settlement built by displaced families , which was consecrated in 1950. In 1968 it was replaced by the current church.

politics

Heinrich Kauck is the head of the district of Grebenhain (as of 2016) .

Culture and sights

societies

The following clubs and associations exist in Grebenhain today (year of foundation in brackets):

Buildings

Protestant church

The Grebenhainer Evangelical Church

Despite the immediate vicinity of the mother town of Crainfeld, Grebenhain's own stone church in the late Gothic style was built in the Middle Ages . The church burned down completely during the Thirty Years War in 1646, but was subsequently restored. However, many manuscripts and books were lost. In 1784 the nave was rebuilt, while the squat tower from the Middle Ages was preserved and is therefore the oldest building in town today.

Dance floor

Immediately in front of the church is the historic “dance floor”, which is bordered on the outside by a knee-high sandstone wall and inside a waist-high roundabout, on which a linden tree traditionally stands in the middle. At events, a floorboard dance stage was placed around the tree. The dance floor is dated to 1756 by a year. The local fair was held on it until the end of the 19th century . A use as a pre-Christian court place is not documented, although the shape and arrangement reminds of a court place next to the church.

Economy and Infrastructure

Grebenhain fulfills the function of the sub-center for the area of ​​the large municipality of the same name. Due to the resident commercial and industrial companies, it is a commuter place for the other districts of the municipality and for neighboring municipalities.

Companies

The larger companies are concentrated in the two industrial areas in Oberwald and on Vaitshainer Straße. The most important supra-local employer is STI Grebenhain Display + Verpackung GmbH , a branch of the STI Group with around 330 employees. The company set up one of its operations in the Oberwald in 1966 and claims to be the largest manufacturer of displays in Europe.

Wind energy

Along the boundary to Ilbeshausen, two possible priority areas for wind energy were initially identified in the preliminary draft for the Central Hesse energy sub- regional plan. The plan was the construction of a wind park having three wind power plants of the type Enercon E-101 ( nominal power per plant 3 MW ) on the Klöshorst near the border district to Ilbeshausen. The wind farm was to be operated by hessenEnergie GmbH as a subsidiary of the Upper Hessian Utilities (OVAG) and completed by the end of 2014. However, due to possible conflicts with an existing bird sanctuary, the area was ultimately not designated as a priority area.

traffic

The federal highway 275 runs through Grebenhain in an east-west direction. Grebenhain is the location of a road maintenance department owned by Hessen Mobil ( Hessian road and traffic administration until 2012 ). It is responsible for the maintenance and snow removal of the federal , state and district roads in the southeastern Vogelsberg with a total length of 338 km. In 2000, the Vulkanradweg was opened on the route of the former Vogelsbergbahn , with which the Hesse rail cycle route is linked.

Public facilities

clinic

The HELIOS Clinic Oberwald , which belongs to the Helios Clinic Group (originally Dr. Helmig GmbH ) and has existed since 1973 , is also located in Oberwald, on the outskirts of the former munitions plant's residential area. The clinic is a specialist hospital for angiopathy and rectal diseases and employs around 140 people.

Medical and fire department base

The supra- local medical and fire brigade base is at the western exit of the village.

education

In the districts of Grebenhain and in the districts of Crainfeld are the two kindergartens with afternoon operation and a U-3 supply. The Oberwaldschule in the district of Grebenhain is a cooperative comprehensive school of the Vogelsberg district with currently (as of 2012) around 700 students. The catchment area for primary school extends to the large community of Grebenhain, and for secondary level I it also extends to the large communities of Freiensteinau and Lautertal and the city of Herbstein .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the village

People connected to the village

literature

  • Backgemeinschaft Grebenhain (Ed.): Grebenhain in old pictures. 925 years of Grebenhain . Grebenhain 1992, ISBN 978-3-929359-00-8 .
  • Berthold Pletsch: The influence of the state road and the Vogelsbergbahn on the structural development of the village Grebenhain in the 19th and early 20th centuries . Lauterbach 1992.
  • Working group village history Grebenhain (Hrsg.): Grebenhain. History and present of the villages in the southeastern Vogelsberg . Grebenhain 1995.
  • Carsten Eigner: "Muna in the forest, we'll find you soon!" The air ammunition plant Hartmannshain (Muna) near Grebenhain in Vogelsberg from 1936 to 1945 and the Muna site from 1946 to today . Ed .: Förderverein MUNA-Museum Grebenhain e. V. Grebenhain 2018, ISBN 978-3-00-059616-2 .
  • Literature on Grebenhain in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Grebenhain  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Grebenhain, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Information on the districts. In: Website of the municipality of Grebenhain. Retrieved January 21, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Ecological report on the land consolidation process Grebenhain, Breunig & Buttler, Offenbach, 1994, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Geoportal Hessen Accessed on March 9, 2018.
  5. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 102 ( online at google books ).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 368 .
  7. ↑ 60 years of the Grebenhain volunteer fire brigade, commemorative publication, 1989.
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Martin Röhling: The story of the counts of Nidda and the counts of Ziegenhain . Ed .: Niddaer Heimatmuseum e. V. (=  Niddaer Geschichtsblätter . Issue 9). Self-published, 2005, ISBN 3-9803915-9-0 , p. 75, 115 .
  11. ^ The affiliation of the Nidda office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604-1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567-1866 .
  12. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 26 point d) IX. ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  203 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 9 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  272 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  16. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands . Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 420 ( online at Google Books ).
  17. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 262 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  18. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 11.2 MB ]).
  19. ^ Announcement concerning changes in the district division of the Altenschlirf and Schotten regional courts . From March 22, 1849. In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette . No. 1849/18 , p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  20. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  21. ^ Order of the President of the Higher Regional Court in Darmstadt from June 29, 1943 - 3200 - Subject: Establishment of the Herbstein branch of the Lauterbach local court and the Altenstadt branch of the Ortenberg local court
  22. ↑ Law on Measures in the Field of Court Organization (§2) of March 6, 1957 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1957 no. 5 , p. 16 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  23. ^ Organization of the courts (abolition of the Herbstein branch of the Lauterbach local court and the Ulrichstein branch of the Schotten local court) (item 755) dated June 11, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 27 , p. 1010 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  24. ↑ Amendment to the Court Organization Act (GVBl. I pp. 507–508) of December 20, 2004 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2004 No. 24 , p. 507–508 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,4 MB ]).
  25. ↑ Fourth ordinance on the adaptation of organizational regulations in the courts. Art. 1, §4, Paragraph 1 (GVBl. I p. 552) of December 29, 2004 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2004 No. 25 , p. 552 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  26. ^ Fifth ordinance amending the judicial jurisdiction ordinance Justice. (Article 1, Paragraph 2. aa)) of December 9, 2010 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2010 No. 25 , p. 709 f . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 148 kB ]). Refers to the ordinance on judicial competences in the area of ​​the Ministry of Justice (Judicial Competency Ordinance Justiz) (GVBl. II 210-98) of October 26, 2008 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2008 No. 17 , p. 822 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 116 kB ]).
  27. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  225 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  28. ↑ Housing spaces 1867 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 120 ( online at google books ).
  29. ↑ Residential places 1875 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 15 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 17 ( online at google books ).
  30. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  31. ^ STI Group, Grebenhain plant . Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  32. ↑ a b Gießen regional council (ed.): Subregional plan Energy Central Hesse - draft 2012. Wind energy concept: Possible VRG for the use of wind energy. Map 16, Giessen 2012.
  33. ↑ HELIOS Clinic Oberwald Grebenhain . Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  34. ↑ Oberwaldschule Grebenhain, pupils . Retrieved October 28, 2012.