Bermuthshain

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Bermuthshain
Municipality Grebenhain
Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 20 ″  N , 9 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 464 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.47 km²
Residents : 526  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 62 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 36355
Area code : 06644
View of Bermutshain with the old school tower behind Crainfeld
View of Bermutshain with the old school tower behind Crainfeld

Bermuthshain is a district of Grebenhain in the Vogelsberg district in Central Hesse .

geography

View of Bermuthshain with a view of Höllerich

location

Bermuthshain is located on the southeastern edge of the Hohe Vogelsberg at an altitude of 455  m above sea level. NN . The district of Bermuthshain has a size of 850 ha and extends over a height of 450 to 600 m above sea level. Today 590 hectares of it are still used for agriculture, 472 hectares of which are meadows and 118 hectares of arable land. The forest area is 203 ha, the location 30 ha and other areas such as paths, bodies of water and regional roads 60 ha. The Lüder rises near Bermuthshain , which flows past the edge of the village and after 40 km at Lüdermünd in the neighboring district of Fulda into the Fulda flows out. Bermuthshain is located in a slight valley basin, which is framed by several hills, including the 575 m high Höllerich .

climate

As in the entire Vogelsberg region, the climatic conditions are very rough. With an average annual temperature of 6 ° C and precipitation of around 1,000 mm per m² per year, the agricultural use period in Bermuthshain is rather short. The average temperature from May to July reaches 14.5 ° C, late frosts can occur until the end of May. Because of these facts, the high Vogelsberg is also popularly called Hessian Siberia .

history

The first mention of December 29, 1012

Bermuthshain was probably created around 1000 in connection with the increasing clearing and land development in the Vogelsberg area during the high Middle Ages . It belonged to the property of the Fulda monastery in the Wetterau , which was administered in the high Middle Ages by the Count of Nidda as his governor. After the Nidda Count's House was extinguished in 1206, it passed to the Counts of Ziegenhain and in 1437 to the Landgraves of Hesse before they died out in 1450 . In the old Hessen era, Bermuthshain was always part of the Nidda office and the Crainfeld court . After the various divisions of Hesse in the 16th century, it belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt from 1604 .

The place was first mentioned in a document dated 29 December 1012 in the King Henry II. The Abbey of Fulda gives the forest tinder Hart. In addition to Warmuntessneida (Bermuthshain), Iliuuineshusun ( Ilbeshausen ), ufe Creginfelt ( Crainfeld ), Widenaho ( Weidenau ) and Calbaho ( Kalbach ) are named as border points of the donated area.

In a document dated July 23, 1377, Metze von Bleichenbach, the wife of Wilhelm von Fronhausen, occasionally ceded the village of Berumechan on the Fogilsberg to Konrad von Hutten. 1489 is Bermetzhene in a directory of the brothers Walter, Philip and Daniel Fischborn in various villages entitled Gülten called and interest. According to an agreement concluded between Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse and the Crainfeld court in 1493, the men from the villages of Kreyenfelt and Bernhartsheim had to bring 100 quarters of oats from the Nidda office to the Marburg Palace every year.

In the Middle Ages, north of Bermuthshain in the Oberwald , the village of Schershain , consisting of ten courtyards, was first mentioned in a document in 1399. As early as 1556 the place was called a desert . Its district was cultivated by farmers from Grebenhain and Bermuthshain until well into the 20th century, where the inhabitants of Schershain are likely to have migrated.

In two registers of people who have paid a furstgelt (tax for construction and firewood), all 21 persons from Bermuthshain, which at that time had 47 heads of house, are named in 1549. This is the first mention of a large number of Bermuthshain family names. The Salbuch of the Office Nidda, which followed in 1556, then names all house heads.

Around 1580 to 1590 a school was set up in the mother town of Crainfeld for the first time, which the children from Bermuthshain also attended. In connection with the Hessian general church visit of 1628, a school of its own was built for the first time in Bermuthshain shortly afterwards. This went back into the ensuing chaos of war, but was initially set up again as a winter school in the last quarter of the 17th century at the latest and converted into a permanent school in the first half of the 18th century.

During the Thirty Years' War the troops of Duke Christian von Braunschweig moved on their way to the Palatinate on June 1, 1622 through the court of Crainfeld, which is completely looted. A cavalry regiment under Count Wolfgang Ernst von Büdingen burned down Crainfeld almost completely. In Bermuthshain, numerous houses facing the Oberwald and Böhl were destroyed. 23 families were harmed and 7 residents were mistreated or murdered. The total damage in Bermuthshain was 1806 Reichstaler. In 1635 Croatian mercenary troops were in Bermuthshain and tyrannize the population with "beatings, pouring water and plundering". Even in the last years of the war, imperial, Bavarian, Swedish and Hessian troops were quartered in Bermuthshain. The village was completely impoverished after the end of the war, and the economic recovery lasted several decades.

During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), alternating French and Allied troops camped in Bermuthshain and forced extensive "foraging".

On May 30, 1768, Landgrave Ludwig VIII of Hessen-Darmstadt granted the community of Bermuthshain the privilege to hold a cattle and goods market on Tuesday and Wednesday in Jakobi . It still takes place annually as a Krammarkt with a fair.

In 1818 the first Bermuthshain fire cadastre was drawn up, in 1820 a list of all the basic cracks in the courtyard and the gardens attached to them . After the new Hessian municipal code came into force in 1821, the court organization inherited from the Middle Ages was abolished and the Crainfeld court dissolved. An elected mayor took the place of the previous mayor. In 1832 Bermuthshain was incorporated into the Nidda district and in 1848 into the Nidda administrative district. Since 1852 it belonged to the Lauterbach district .

Parcel hand plan from 1832
Postcard from around 1900
Bermuthshain village community center (formerly the new school )

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Bermuthshain in 1830:

"Bermuthshain (L. Bez. Schotten) evangel. Branch village; Located in the Vogelsberg at the foot of the Bilstein on the Churhessian border 3 St. von Schotten, has 100 houses and 533 evangelists. Residents. One finds a second-class border customs office, two grinding mills, and a building which is so remarkable in that it is made up of beams without any connection with lime or clay. 1 cattle and grocer's market is held annually. "

In the 19th century, life in Bermuthshain was at times characterized by great poverty, as domestic linen weaving collapsed due to industrial competition and agriculture was dominated by smallholders. Between 1821 and 1894, more than 23 local residents, some with their families, emigrated to North America. Of the 102 houses, 28 will be demolished during this time. The economic situation only eased with the construction of the Lauterbach-Gedern-Stockheim branch line , after which Bermuthshain was given its own train station in 1906. The branch line remained in operation for passenger traffic until 1975. The tracks were dismantled in 1997.

In 1830 the old school in the town center was completed, a half-timbered building that is the town's landmark today. The bell in the tower was cast in 1749 by the Frankfurt bell founders Benjamin and Johann Georg Scheidewind and previously hung in the roof turret of the shepherd's house, which stood on the site of the old school .

In 1886, the Bermuthshain district forester Wilhelm Dillemuth had the first skis ("snowshoes") made in Vogelsberg by the local wood turner Friedrich Jost. Friedrich Jost started manufacturing snowshoes for sales purposes the following year. This resulted in the local company Ski Luft , which is still owned by his descendants today .

Under the important mayor Friedrich Jost, who also belonged to the Hessian state parliament from 1921 to 1931, the construction of the aqueduct was carried out in 1909 and 1910, after the district road to Ober-Moos and Crainfeld and the through-town road in what is now the main road had been expanded in 1898 were. In the years 1910 to 1928, a land consolidation was carried out in Bermuthshain as the first place in the high Vogelsberg (next to Volkartshain) . In 1921 the community was connected to the electrical power grid of the Oberhessen overland plant . In 1934 the first ski jumping hill on the Höllerich and in 1938 the Volkshalle on the market square were built as the first early village community center .

In the First World War , Bermuthshain had 20 dead and two missing. When the German troops marched back from the western front after the conclusion of the armistice on November 9, 1918, Bermuthshain was touched by the march through individual troops and received billeting.

Bermuthshain, like almost the entire Vogelsberg region, had been shaped by the anti-Semitic movement since around 1890 . In the 1920s, the Hessian Farmers' Union dominated the elections before the region became a stronghold of National Socialism . In 1930 a local group of the NSDAP and an SA-Sturm were founded in Bermuthshain .

In the Second World War , 27 native Bermuthshain died as soldiers and at least 5 civilians from Bermuthshain died in air raids, shootings or in concentration camps. The evacuees and displaced persons who came to Bermuthshain during or after the war lost 10 relatives as dead. From 1943 to 1945 there was a barrack camp on the market square for Ukrainian forced laborers who had to work in the neighboring Hartmannshain ( Muna ) air ammunition facility .

After the Second World War, the new fire station was built in 1950 and the construction of the new schoolhouse, which had been planned in 1913 and was inaugurated in 1952, began. Since the end of the 1950s, the Bermuthshain community has invested in the modernization of the infrastructure on an unprecedented scale. The local sewer system was completed in 1960–1963, the freezing house in 1965, the cemetery chapel in 1968 and the ski jumping hill on the Höllerich in 1970. During the period of self-employment, from 1963 onwards, all local roads were gradually paved and the through-roads expanded.

Due to the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Bermuthshain merged with ten neighboring municipalities on December 31, 1971 to form the newly formed large municipality of Grebenhain. Since August 1, 1972, the place has also been part of the then newly formed Vogelsberg district . The two-class elementary school in town had to be closed in 1969 as a result of the school reform in Hesse in favor of the new central school ( Oberwaldschule ) in neighboring Grebenhain .

After the regional reform came into force, the empty new school was converted into a village community center from 1975 to 1977 , the second land consolidation was carried out from 1978 to 1996, the fairground was built in 1984, the sewage treatment plant was built in 1987 , the local network was laid underground in 1988 and the fire station was built in 1995 . In 1999 Bermuthshain was accepted into the Hessian village renewal program , under which the village was funded until 2011. In 2006 the inauguration of the village community center and the new viewing platform on the Höllerich took place as part of the village renewal. Also as part of the village renewal, the Feierscheune on the market square was given its purpose in 2010 . On May 8, 2011, the Muna Museum Grebenhain was opened in the renovated old school .

The 1000th anniversary of the first documentary mention of Bermuthshain took place with a festival weekend on August 10th and 11th as well as a festival street ("standing pageant") through the town center on August 19th, 2012.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Bermuthshain was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the Lißberg office was responsible for Bermuthshain. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. Bermuthshain a lot in the judicial district of the " Landgericht Schotten ". With effect from May 1, 1849, Bermuthshain was assigned to the Altenschlirf district court . In 1854 the seat of the regional court was moved to Herbstein .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Amtsgericht Herbstein" and assigned to the district of the regional court of Giessen .

On July 1, 1957, the Herbstein District Court lost its independence and finally became a branch of the Lauterbach District Court after it was already at the end of the Second World War . On July 1, 1968, this branch was also closed. On January 1, 2005, the Lauterbach District Court was repealed as a full court and became a branch of the Alsfeld District Court . On January 1, 2012, this branch was also closed. The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

population

Population development

In February 1586 the Nidda rentmaster Caspar Ziegenmenger had a complete list of all serfs in the Nidda office, including the Crainfeld court, drawn up. In Bermuthshain, a total of 285 serfs lived on 53 farms, 94 of them adults and 191 children. The development of Bermuthshain's population has been continuously traceable since 1791.

• 1791: 435 inhabitants
• 1800: 462 inhabitants
• 1806: 475 inhabitants, 99 houses
• 1829: 533 inhabitants, 100 houses
• 1867: 436 inhabitants, 76 inhabited buildings
• 1875: 433 inhabitants, 80 inhabited buildings
Bermuthshain: Population from 1791 to 2016
year     Residents
1791
  
 435
1800
  
 462
1806
  
 475
1829
  
 533
1834
  
 522
1840
  
 520
1846
  
 521
1852
  
 495
1858
  
 505
1864
  
 478
1871
  
 437
1875
  
 433
1885
  
 501
1895
  
 461
1905
  
 458
1910
  
 486
1925
  
 505
1939
  
 463
1946
  
 692
1950
  
 667
1956
  
 590
1961
  
 545
1967
  
 514
1970
  
 518
1987
  
 562
1990
  
 ?
2003
  
 617
2011
  
 555
2016
  
 526
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 533 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 476 Protestant (= 87.34%), 69 Roman Catholic (= 12.66%) residents

religion

From the beginning, Bermuthshain belonged to the parish of Crainfeld, founded in 1011, in which the Reformation was introduced in 1527 . Until 1945 Bermuthshain was, with the exception of a few occasionally resident Catholics and a Jewish family, almost entirely Protestant. In 1946 numerous Catholic expellees from the Sudetenland came to the village. Bermuthshain never had its own church, but has a prayer room in the old school built in 1830 .

politics

The mayor of Bermuthshain is Klaus-Heiko Weitzel (as of 2016) .

Culture and sights

societies

Bermuthshain has a very rich club life with a total of ten clubs and associations (year of foundation in brackets):

Buildings

Old School (Muna Museum)

Old School (Muna Museum Grebenhain)

The listed old school is located roughly in the center of the village and is a landmark of Bermuthshain. It was built in half-timbered construction in place of a shepherd's house as a school and community building in 1829–1830 according to a design by the Schotten District Administrator Philipp Friedrich Goldmann and has a half-hipped roof . In the slated roof turret, held in the shape of an onion dome , there is a bell, cast in 1749 by the Frankfurt bell founders Benjamin and Johann Georg Scheidewind, which was very likely taken over from the previous building.

Until the opening of the new school , today's DGH, in 1952, the building served as a school building for the local two-class elementary school. It was then used as a Protestant prayer room and as a social housing. In the 1970s in particular, the old school was structurally distorted and its exterior became increasingly neglected. As part of the village renewal, the building was renovated in 2008–2011 and restored according to the old model. Since then, it has housed the Muna Museum Grebenhain on the history of the air ammunition facility in neighboring Oberwald, which was opened on May 8, 2011 after the renovation was completed.

Ski jump

Visible from afar is a ski jump on the Höllerich above Bermuthshain, which was planned from 1965 and finally inaugurated in 1970 under the name Wilhelm-Dillemuth-Schanze . It is one of the last wooden ski jumping hills built in Germany and was listed as a historical monument in 2003. The ski jump was mainly used by sports clubs from the region and by the Hessian Ski Association for training and competitions, but was originally also intended to promote tourism in the then still independent community of Bermuthshain. Since the 1980s, however, there has been no more ski jumping on the hill, which was then left to its own devices and already looks very dilapidated. In 2006 a viewing platform was built directly below the ski jump.

As early as 1934, next to today's ski jump, a first small ski jumping hill, then still called ski track, was built. Another, also still very small, ski jump was built in 1953 on the private initiative of some local residents.

Historic half-timbered town center

As the historical center of Bermuthshain, the settlement area is to be understood without the new building areas that have arisen since the beginning of the 1950s. Like most places in the region, Bermuthshain has the shape of a clustered village . Around 1950 the town center consisted exclusively of half-timbered houses from the late 17th to early 20th centuries, among which the regional form of the Vogelsberger Einhaus predominated. Most of these houses have been changed significantly since the 1960s or completely demolished and replaced by new buildings. Nevertheless, you can still find some well-preserved half-timbered houses in Bermuthshain today.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic structure

Former Gasthaus Zur Krone

Up until the Second World War, Bermuthshain was, like most of the other Vogelsberg villages, a village dominated by agriculture and handicrafts. In 1933 the economic structure of the local population with its 476 inhabitants was divided into 70.3% agriculture and forestry, 20.1% industry and handicrafts and 2.5% trade and transport . Almost every local citizen ran his own farm, which was often still associated with a small craft business, a commercial shop or an inn. Almost all of the farms were half-timbered houses in the form of the Vogelsberger Einhaus typical of the region . In this respect, Bermuthshain was to be regarded as a typical village in the high Vogelsberg.

Around 1910 there were no fewer than six inns in Bermuthshain. Only the Landgasthof Zum Deutschen Haus , founded in 1857 and owned by the family since 1882, has been in existence since 2007 . The culture barn , which opened in 2000, belongs to him . The last shop in town was closed in 1993. From 1902 to 1937 there was even a private dairy in Bermuthshain. There was also a sawmill at the local train station from 1919 to around 1980. The last of the four mills once powered by the Lüder ceased operations in 1939. The manufacture of wooden objects for home use was also widespread. Until 1980 the local company Ski Luft was still making its own skis.

Since the 1950s, Bermuthshain has increasingly been transformed into an almost pure commuter residence . In the course of extreme structural change in agriculture, almost all farms gradually gave up. Most of the craft businesses also disappeared. Today there is still an inn, a sporting goods store, a beverage shop, a butcher and two small businesses in the IT services sector . Today, the majority of local residents commute to work in Grebenhain or neighboring communities, sometimes as far as the Rhine-Main area .

traffic

Bermuthshain can be easily reached from the nearby federal highway 275 via state road 3181 . The L 3181 also connects Bermuthshain with the district of Fulda . The county roads 100 and 101 are the local roads to Crainfeld and neighboring villages in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis .

Since 2000, the Vulkanradweg has been created on the route of the former Oberwaldbahn , which is now part of the supra-regional BahnRadweg Hessen .

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Bermuthshain  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Bermuthshain, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Information on the districts. In: Website of the municipality of Grebenhain. Retrieved January 21, 2018 .
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 24 ( online at google books ).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 368 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Martin Röhling: Niddaer Geschichtsblätter. Issue 9 . The story of the Counts of Nidda and the Counts of Ziegenhain. Ed .: Niddaer Heimatmuseum e. V. Im Selbstverlag, 2005, ISBN 3-9803915-9-0 , p. 75, 115 .
  8. ^ The affiliation of the Nidda office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604-1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567-1866 .
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 26 point d) IX. ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  203 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 9 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  268 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 420 ( online at Google Books ).
  14. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 262 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  15. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 11.2 MB ]).
  16. ↑ Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of Justice: Announcement concerning changes in the district division of the Altenschlirf and Schotten regional courts . From March 22, 1849. In: Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette . No. 1849/18 , p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  17. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  18. ^ Order of the President of the Higher Regional Court in Darmstadt from June 29, 1943 - 3200 - Subject: Establishment of the Herbstein branch of the Lauterbach local court and the Altenstadt branch of the Ortenberg local court
  19. ↑ Law on Measures in the Field of Court Organization (§2) of March 6, 1957 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1957 no. 5 , p. 16 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  20. ^ Organization of the courts (abolition of the Herbstein branch of the Lauterbach local court and the Ulrichstein branch of the Schotten local court) (item 755) dated June 11, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 27 , p. 1010 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Second law on administrative structural reform. Amendment to the Court Organization Act (Article 1, Section 2) of December 20, 2004 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2004 No. 24 , p. 507 f . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Fourth ordinance on the adaptation of organizational regulations in the courts. Article 1: Order on the establishment and jurisdiction of local court branches. (§1) of December 29, 2004 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2004 No. 25 , p. 552 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  23. ^ Fifth ordinance amending the judicial jurisdiction ordinance Justice. (Article 1, Paragraph 2. aa)) of December 9, 2010 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2010 No. 25 , p. 709 f . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 148 kB ]). Refers to the ordinance on judicial competences in the area of ​​the Ministry of Justice (Judicial Competency Ordinance Justiz) (GVBl. II 210-98) of October 26, 2008 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2008 No. 17 , p. 822 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 116 kB ]).
  24. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  222 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  25. ↑ Housing spaces 1867 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 120 ( online at google books ).
  26. ↑ Residential places 1875 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 15 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 17 ( online at google books ).
  27. ↑ Timeline of the history of Bermuthshain. In: Chronicle of Bermuthshain. Retrieved January 17, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  29. ^ Wilhelm-Dillemuth-Schanze. In: Structurae