Parliament of the People's State of Hesse

**Parliament of the People's State of Hesse**
Country flag	State coat of arms

Basic data
Seat:	Darmstadt
Elective system :	Proportional election with closed lists
Number of votes:	1
Calculation method:	D'Hondt method
Number of constituencies :	1
Eligible voters :	around 760,000 (1919) to 986,000 (1933)
Legislative period :	3 years
First session:	February 20, 1919

The Landtag of the People's State of Hesse was the state parliament and thus the legislature of the People's State of Hesse in the Weimar Republic . Its predecessor were the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , its successor the Hessian state parliament .

Legal basis and structure

According to Art. 17 ff. Of the Constitution of the People's State of Hesse , the Landtag consisted of 70 members who were elected according to the principle of proportional representation for a term of three years. The minimum age for eligibility was 25 years. Citizens aged 20 and over had the right to vote and had civil rights.

Its tasks were the legislation, the exercise of budget law, the election of the Prime Minister ("State President"), the confirmation of the state government and, if necessary, the ministerial indictment.

With the law on the rebuilding of the Reich of January 30, 1934, the state parliament was dissolved.

Seat of the state parliament in the Ständehaus

49 ° 52 '20.5 " N , 8 ° 39" 0.7 " E49.87236 8.6502

Darmstadt, Luisenplatz today

Floor plan of the estate in Darmstadt at the end of the 19th century

The seat of the state parliament was the Ständehaus on Luisenplatz in Darmstadt . In addition to the estate building, there was also the old palace (the residence of the Grand Duke, today the Luisencenter ), the seat of government in the college building (today the seat of the administrative district of Darmstadt ) on Luisenplatz . The Ständehaus was built between 1836 and 1839, but, like the palace and college building, was destroyed in the Second World War. Today, the headquarters of Sparkasse Darmstadt is located in its place .

State elections

Overview

Share of votes of the parties in percent

election day	Wbt	SPD	DDP ¹	DZP	DVP ²	DNVP ³	LB ⁴	KPD	NSDAP ⁵
January 26, 1919	81.2	44.5	18.9	17.6	10.1	7.4
11/27/1921	67.0	32.6	7.3	17.4	14.6	5.3	15.1	3.9
December 7, 1924	75.3	35.2	8.5	16.1	11.8	7.0	13.2	5.4	1.4
11/13/1927 ⁶	54.7	32.6	7.8	17.7	10.7	5.0	12.7	8.6
November 15, 1931 ⁷	83.1	21.4	1.4	14.3	2.3	1.4		13.6	37.1
June 19, 1932	78.4	23.1	DVP	14.5	3.4	1.5		11.0	44.0
5.3.1933	90.6	21.7	DVP	13.6	1.7	2.9		10.9	47.4

¹ DDP: 1919 to 1927: DDP, 1931: DStP
² DVP: 1919 to 1931: DVP, 1932: NEL (HLV, DVP, DStP, CSVD, WP, VRP), 1933: DVP
³ DNVP: 1919 and 1921: HVP, 1924 to 1932: DNVP, 1933: KFSWR (DNVP, LB, Sth)
⁴ LB: 1921 and 1924: HBRL, 1927: HLRL
⁵ NSDAP: 1924: NSFB, 1931, 1932 and 1933: NSDAP
⁶ 1927: additionally: VRP: 5 , 0%, majority of votes of the VRP compared to the DNVP
⁷ 1931: additionally: CSVD: 3.5%, HLV: 2.6%; Majority of votes of DNVP over DStP

Distribution of seats

year	total	SPD	DDP ¹	DZP	DVP ²	DNVP ³	LB ⁴	KPD	NSDAP ⁵
1919 ⁶	70	31	13	13	7th	5
1921 ⁷	70	24	5	13	10	3	11	2
1924	70	26th	6th	11	8th	5	9	4th	1
1927 ⁸	70	24	5	13	7th	3	9	6th
1931 ⁹	70	15th	1	10	1	1		10	27
1932 ¹⁰	70	17th	DVP	10	2	1		7th	32
1933	50	11		7th		1		5	26th

¹ DDP: 1919 to 1927: DDP, 1931: DStP
² DVP: 1919 to 1931: DVP, 1932: NEL (HLV, DVP, DStP, CSVD, WP, VRP)
³ DNVP: 1919 and 1921: HVP, 1924 to 1932: DNVP, 1933: KFSWR (DNVP, LB, Sth)
⁴ LB: 1921 and 1924: HBRL, 1927: HLRL
⁵ NSDAP: 1924: NSFB, 1931, 1932 and 1933: NSDAP
⁶ 1919: additional: USPD: 1 seat
⁷ 1921: additional: USPD: 2 seats
⁸ 1927: additional: VRP: 3 seats
⁹ 1931: additional: HLV: 2 seats, CSVD: 1 seat, KPO: 1 seat, SAPD: 1 seat
¹⁰ 1932: additional: SAPD-KPO: 1 seat

Volkskammer election 1919

Election to the constituent people's chamber

Turnout: 81.17%

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

44.5%

18.9%

17.6%

10.1%

7.4%

1.5%

Gains and losses

compared to

% p

12

10

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

+ 10.8 % p

-0.1 % p

+ 3.4 % p

-7.1 % p

+ 4.7 % p.p.

+1.5 % p

Result of the election for the constituent people's chamber
on January 26, 1919
Subject of evidence	be right		Seats
Subject of evidence	number	in %	Seats
Eligible voters	760.053	100.0
Voters	616.954	81.2
Invalid votes	1,761	0.3
Valid votes	615.193	100.0	70
from that
Social Democratic Party of Germany	273,468	44.5	31
German Democratic Party (Democratic Party in Hesse)	116.252	18.9	13
Christian People's Party (Hessian Center Party)	108,539	17.6	13
German People's Party	62,072	10.1	7th
German National People's Party (Hessian People's Party)	45,785	7.4	5
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany	9,077	1.5	1

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (1st electoral period)

State election 1921

State election of November 27, 1921

Turnout: 67.0%

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

32.6%

17.4%

15.1%

14.6%

7.3%

5.4%

3.9%

3.8%

HBB

Gains and losses

compared to 1919

% p

16

14th

12

10

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

-10

-12

-11.9 % p

-0.2 % p

+ 15.1 % p

+ 4.5 % p

-11.6 % p

-2.0 % p

+ 3.9 % p

+ 2.3 % p

HBB

Result of the state election of November 27, 1921
Subject of evidence	be right		Seats	±
Subject of evidence	number	in %	Seats	±
Eligible voters	800,547	100.0
Voters	536.220	67.0
Invalid votes	2,290	0.4
Valid votes	533.930	100.0	70	0
from that
Social Democratic Party of Germany	174.213	32.6	24	−7
center	92,689	17.4	13	0
Hessian farmers' union and Rhenish Hessian country list	80.426	15.1	11	+11
German People's Party	78.185	14.6	10	+3
German Democratic Party	39,140	7.3	5	−8
German National People's Party	28,190	5.4	3	−2
Communist Party of Germany	20,849	3.9	2	+2
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany	20.186	3.8	2	+1
Revision party	52	0.0	-	-

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (2nd electoral period)

State election 1924

State election of December 7, 1924

Turnout: 75.3%

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

35.2%

16.1%

13.2%

11.8%

8.5%

7.0%

5.4%

1.4%

0.9%

HBB

NF

WP

Gains and losses

compared to 1921

% p

4th

2

0

-2

-4

+ 2.6 % p

-1.3 % p

-1.9 % p

-2.8 % p

+1.2 % p

+1.6 % p

+1.5 % p

+1.4 % p

+ 0.9 % p

HBB

NF

WP

Result of the state election of December 7, 1924
Subject of evidence	be right		Seats	±
Subject of evidence	number	in %	Seats	±
Eligible voters	846.196	100.0
Voters	637.264	75.3
Invalid votes	12,132	1.9
Valid votes	625.132	100.0	70	0
from that
Social Democratic Party of Germany	220.108	35.2	26th	+2
center	100.384	16.1	11	−2
Hessian farmers' union and Rhenish Hessian country list	82,742	13.2	9	−2
German People's Party	73.930	11.8	8th	−2
German Democratic Party	53,301	8.5	6th	+1
German National People's Party	43,717	7.0	5	+2
Communist Party of Germany	33,689	5.4	4th	+2
National Socialist Freedom Movement	8,478	1.4	1	+1
Economic party of the German middle class	5,851	0.9	-	-
United working farmers in Hessen	2,932	0.5	-	-

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (3rd electoral period)

Referendum on the dissolution of the third Hessian state parliament

The referendum on the dissolution of the third Hessian state parliament on December 5, 1926 resulted in a majority against an early dissolution of the state parliament.

State election 1927

State election of November 13, 1927

Turnout: 54.7%

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

32.6%

17.7%

12.7%

10.7%

8.6%

7.8%

5.0%

HBB

Gains and losses

compared to 1924

% p

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-2.6 % p

+1.6 % p

-0.5 % p

-1.1 % p

+ 3.2 % p

-0.7 % p

+5.0 % p

-2.0 % p

HBB

Result of the state election of November 13, 1927
Subject of evidence	be right		Seats	±
Subject of evidence	number	in %	Seats	±
Eligible voters	893.144	100.0
Voters	488,604	54.7
Invalid votes	5,908	1.2
Valid votes	482,696	100.0	70	0
from that
Social Democratic Party of Germany	157.293	32.6	24	−2
center	85,450	17.7	13	+2
Hessischer Landbund and Rheinhessische Landliste	61.109	12.7	9	0
German People's Party	51,654	10.7	7th	−1
Communist Party of Germany	41,280	8.6	6th	+2
German Democratic Party	37,789	7.8	5	−1
People's Rights Party	24,123	5.0	3	+3
German National People's Party	23,998	5.0	3	−2

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (4th electoral period)

State election 1931

State election of November 15, 1931

Turnout: 82.3%

%

40

30th

20th

10

0

37.1%

21.4%

14.3%

13.6%

2.6%

2.3%

2.1%

6.5%

HBB

CSVD

Otherwise.

Gains and losses

compared to 1924

% p

40

35

30th

25th

20th

15th

10

5

0

-5

-10

-15

+ 37.1 % p.p.

-11.2 % p

-3.4 % p

+5.0 % p

-10.1 % p

-8.4 % p

+ 2.1 % p.p.

+ 6.5 % p

HBB

CSVD

Otherwise.

Result of the state election of November 15, 1931
Subject of evidence	be right		Seats	±
Subject of evidence	number	in %	Seats	±
Eligible voters	963.960	100.0
Voters	793.306	82.3
Invalid votes	8.002	1.0
Valid votes	785.304	100.0	70	0
from that
National-socialist German Workers' Party	291.183	37.1	27	+27
Social Democratic Party of Germany	168.101	21.4	15th	−9
center	112,444	14.3	10	−3
Communist Party of Germany	106,790	13.6	10	+4
Hessian country people	20,763	2.6	2	−7
German People's Party	18,324	2.3	1	−6
Christian Social People's Service	16,714	2.1	1	+1
Communist Party Opposition	14,938	1.9	1	+1
German National People's Party	10,857	1.4	1	−2
German state party	10,822	1.4	1	−4
Socialist Workers' Party of Germany	8,170	1.0	1	+1
Radical Democratic Party	4,613	0.6	-	-
People's Rights Party	1,585	0.2	-	-

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (5th electoral term)

State election 1932

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

44.0%

23.1%

14.5%

11.0%

3.4%

1.6%

1.5%

Tbsp

SAP

DNVP

Gains and losses

compared to 1927

% p

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

+ 6.9 % p

+1.7 % p

+ 0.2 % p

-2.6 % p

+ 3.4 % p

+ 0.6 % p

+ 0.1 % p

Tbsp

SAP

DNVP

State election 1932
Political party	Voting share in%	Seats	Change (seats)
NSDAP	44.0%	32 seats	+5 seats
SPD	23.1%	17 seats	+1 seat
CENTER	14.5%	10 seats	± 0 seats
KPD	11.0%	7 seats	-3 seats
Unit list ( DStP , DVP , VRP , CNBL , CSVD )	3.4%	2 seats	+1 seat
SAP	1.6%	1 seat	+1 seat
DNVP	1.5%	1 seats	± 0 seats

100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (6th electoral term)

Reichstag election 1933

State election 1933

Parallel to the Reichstag election in March 1933

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

47.4%

21.7%

13.5%

10.9%

1.5%

3.6%

KSWR

Otherwise.

Gains and losses

compared to 1932

% p

4th

2

0

-2

-4

+ 3.4 % p

-1.4 % p

-1.0 % p

-0.1 % p

+1.5 % p

-1.4 % p

KSWR

Otherwise.

On March 5, 1933, he was elected to the Reichstag. The 7th Landtag was re-established on the basis of the Provisional Act to bring the Laender into line with the Reich in line with this election result.

Reichstag election 1933
Political party	Voting share in%	Seats
NSDAP	47.43%	26 seats
SPD	21.70%	11 seats
center	13.59%	7 seats
KPD	10.88%	5 seats
Combat front black-white-red	2.85%	1 seat

100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament

List of members of the Landtag (People's State of Hesse) (7th electoral term)

Personalities

President of the State Parliament

1919–1928 Bernhard Adelung (SPD)
1928–1931 Heinrich Delp (SPD)
1931–1933 Ferdinand Werner (NSDAP)
1933 Philipp Jung (NSDAP)
1933 Heinrich Müller (NSDAP)

Vice President

1919–1921: Heinrich Delp (SPD)
1919– 1920: Adam Joseph Schmitt (center)
1920–1924: Heinrich Wendelin Soherr (center)
1921–1922: Georg Müller (HBB)
1922–1931: Georg von Helmolt (HBB / Landbund)
1924–1928: August Nuss (center)
1928–1931: Pankraz Blank (center)
1931–1932: Heinrich Delp (SPD)
1931–1933: Heinrich Weckler (center)
1932–1932: Alfred Klostermann (NSDAP)

Secretary

1919–1921: Carl Damm (DDP)
1919–1921: Gustav Adolf Dehlinger (DNVP)
1919–1921: Heinrich Delp (SPD)
1919–1924: Moritz Hahn (DVP)
1919– 1920: Georg Scherer (center)
1920–1924: Wilhelm Knoll (center)
1921–1923: Philipp Obenauer (DDP)
1921–1924: Konrad Philipp Diehl (HBB)
1921–1924: Hermann Neumann (SPD)
1923–1924: Johann Schreiber (DDP)
1924–1927: Rudolf Kindt (DNVP)
1924–1927: Wilhelm Leuschner (SPD)
1924–1928: Pankraz Blank (center)
1924–1931: Wilhelm Fenchel (HBB)
1924–1931: Johann Eberle (DDP)
1924–1931: Friedrich Jakob Schott (DVP)
1927–1929: Heinrich Angermeier (KPD)
1927–1931: Karl Ludwig Storck (SPD)
1928–1931: Alois Späth (center)
1931–1932: Wilhelm Hammann (KPD)
1931–1933: Jean Christoph Harth (SPD)
1931–1933: Otto Ivers (NSDAP)
1931–1933: Wilhelm Maurer (KPD)
1931–1933: Wilhelm Schwinn (NSDAP)
1931–1933: Kaspar Winter (center)
1932–1933: Karl Seuling (KPD)

Committee Chair

There were three standing committees. 1) Finance Committee

1919–1921: Leonhard Eißnert (SPD)
1921–1928: Heinrich Delp (SPD)
1928–1931: Wilhelm Anthes (SPD)
1931–1933: Heinrich Müller (NSDAP)

1) Legislative Committee

1919– 1921: Theodor Schröder (center)
1921–1924: August Nuss (center)
1924–1931: Joseph Maria Schül (center)
1931–1933: Philipp Jung (NSDAP)

3) Election test and submissions

1919–1921: Otto Urstadt (DDP)
1921–1929: Gustav Adolf Dehlinger (HBB)
1929–1931: Richard Wolf (HBB)
1931–1933: Kaspar Winter (center)

literature

Hans Georg Ruppel, Birgit Groß: Hessian MPs 1820–1933. Biographical evidence for the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (2nd Chamber) and the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse (= Darmstädter Archivschriften. Vol. 5). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Hessen, Darmstadt 1980, ISBN 3-922316-14-X (282 pages).
Eckhart G. Franz: Parliament in the struggle for democracy: The Landtag of the People's State of Hesse 1919-1933, 1991, ISBN 3884430270 .

Web links

Printed matter and plenary minutes in the state parliament information system of the Hessian state parliament

Individual evidence

^ Constitution of the People's State of Hesse
↑ Art. 10 HessV
^ The People's State of Hesse: Volkskammer election 1919 on www.gonschior.de
^ The People's State of Hesse: State election 1921 on www.gonschior.de
^ Right shift in elections to the Hessian Landtag, November 27, 1921. Contemporary history in Hesse. (As of November 27, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
^ The People's State of Hesse: State election 1924 on www.gonschior.de
↑ III. State Parliament of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter No. 4. Government proposal: State election 1924. Darmstadt December 29, 1924 ( PDF; 305 kB )
^ The People's State of Hesse: State election 1927 on www.gonschior.de
↑ IV. Landtag of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter No. 1. Government draft: Landtag election 1927. Darmstadt December 3, 1927 ( PDF; 1.19 MB )
↑ of which 1931: KPO 1.91%, DNVP 1.4%, DStP 1.4%, SAP 1.0%, RDP 0.6%, VRP 0.2%.
^ The People's State of Hesse: State election 1931 on www.gonschior.de
↑ V. Landtag of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter no. 1. Government draft: Landtag election 1931. Darmstadt December 7, 1931 ( PDF; 1.5 MB )
↑ StatJBDR 1933, pp. 540f.
^ Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 435.
^ Eckhart G. Franz: Parliament in the struggle for democracy: The Landtag of the People's State of Hesse 1919–1933, 1991, ISBN 3884430270 , pp. 53–54.

[1] Constitution of the People's State of Hesse

[2] Art. 10 HessV

[3] The People's State of Hesse: Volkskammer election 1919 on www.gonschior.de

[4] The People's State of Hesse: State election 1921 on www.gonschior.de

[5] Right shift in elections to the Hessian Landtag, November 27, 1921. Contemporary history in Hesse. (As of November 27, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

[6] The People's State of Hesse: State election 1924 on www.gonschior.de

[7] III. State Parliament of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter No. 4. Government proposal: State election 1924. Darmstadt December 29, 1924 ( PDF; 305 kB )

[8] The People's State of Hesse: State election 1927 on www.gonschior.de

[9] IV. Landtag of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter No. 1. Government draft: Landtag election 1927. Darmstadt December 3, 1927 ( PDF; 1.19 MB )

[10] which 1931: KPO 1.91%, DNVP 1.4%, DStP 1.4%, SAP 1.0%, RDP 0.6%, VRP 0.2%.

[11] The People's State of Hesse: State election 1931 on www.gonschior.de

[12] V. Landtag of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter no. 1. Government draft: Landtag election 1931. Darmstadt December 7, 1931 ( PDF; 1.5 MB )

[13] StatJBDR 1933, pp. 540f.

[14] Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 435.

[15] Eckhart G. Franz: Parliament in the struggle for democracy: The Landtag of the People's State of Hesse 1919–1933, 1991, ISBN 3884430270 , pp. 53–54.