State Parliament of the Republic of Baden
| Country flag | State coat of arms |
|---|---|
.svg)
|
|
| Basic data | |
| Seat: | Karlsruhe |
| Elective system : | Proportional election with closed lists |
| Number of votes: | 1 |
| Calculation method: | Hare-Niemeyer method |
| Number of constituencies : | 4th |
| Eligible voters : | 1,168,379 (1919) to 1,633,170 (1933) |
| Legislative period : | 4 years |
| First session: | January 14, 1919 |
| Last session: | June 9, 1933 |
The state parliament of the Republic of Baden acted from January 15, 1919 to February 3, 1933 as the democratically legitimized representative body and legislature of the Republic of Baden . The predecessor of this state parliament was the 2nd Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Formally, the institution of the Landtag still existed from February 4, 1933 to January 30, 1934. The last state parliament installed by the National Socialists was dissolved on October 14, 1933. However, it had only been convened three times since March 5 and had no relevant decisions to make.
Legal basis and structure
According to Section IV of the Constitution of the Republic of March 21, 1919, the Landtag consisted of a number of deputies depending on the size of the population and the turnout. Each party received one representative for every 10,000 voters. The deputies were elected according to the principle of proportional representation for a term of four years. The minimum age for the active right to vote was 21 years and for the passive right to vote 25 years (§ 3).
Its tasks were the legislation, the supervision of the state leadership and administration, the exercise of budget rights, the election / deselection of ministers and, if necessary, the prosecution of ministers. The state parliament met in the Ständehaus in Karlsruhe .
The legal basis for the election of the state parliament was the state election law of July 29, 1920.
"On the basis of the 'Law to Eliminate the Need of the People and the Reich' of March 24, 1933 (...) the Reich Government has, by means of Section 4 of the 'Provisional Act on the Coordination of the Lands with the Reich - Coordination Act -' of March 31, 1933 (...) the new formation of the representative bodies of the federal states on the basis of the results of the Reichstag election of March 5th.
According to § 11 above Gleichschaltung Law brings about the dissolution of the Reichstag readily the dissolution of the representative bodies of the countries.
Since the Reichstag was dissolved by ordinance of the Reich President of October 14, 1933 , the Baden Landtag is also considered dissolved on the same day and the mandates of the Landtag period 1933/34 are deemed to have expired. "
With the law on the rebuilding of the Reich of January 30, 1934, the Baden state parliament was also repealed.
After the Second World War , with the division of Germany into allied occupation zones, the states of Württemberg-Baden and Baden (southern Baden) were established. Their state parliaments took over the functions of the Baden state parliament.
Parliament periods and sessions
In accordance with Section 26 of the Constitution, the Landtag was elected for a four-year Landtag period, which was divided into four session periods each lasting one year.
| Parliament period | Session | Meetings | Logs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Period | No. | Period | number | Period | link |
| I. | January 15, 1919 to October 15, 1921 | 1. | January 15, 1919 to October 15, 1919 | preparatory + 1st to 43rd | January 14, 1919 to August 1, 1919 | 1919 |
| 2. | October 16, 1919 to October 15, 1920 | 1st to 63rd | October 21, 1919 to August 5, 1920 | 1919/1920 | ||
| 3. | October 16, 1920 to November 8, 1921 | 1st to 71st | October 20, 1920 to October 7, 1921 | 1920/1921 | ||
| II. | October 31, 1921 to October 30, 1925 | 1. | October 31, 1921 to October 30, 1922 | preparatory + 1st to 90th | November 8, 1921 to July 28, 1922 | 1921/1922 |
| 2. | October 31, 1922 to October 30, 1923 | 1st to 46th | November 7, 1922 to July 20, 1923 | 1922/1923 | ||
| 3. | October 31, 1923 to October 30, 1924 | 1st to 44th | November 7, 1923 to August 8, 1924 | 1923/1924 | ||
| 4th | October 31, 1924 to October 30, 1925 | 1st to 49th | November 7, 1924 to October 6, 1925 | 1924/1925 | ||
| III. | October 25, 1925 to October 24, 1929 | 1. | October 25, 1925 to October 24, 1926 | preparatory + 1st to 73rd | November 4, 1925 to August 5, 1926 | 1925/1926 |
| 2. | October 25, 1926 to October 24, 1927 | 1st to 46th | November 23, 1926 to July 21, 1927 | 1926/1927 | ||
| 3. | October 25, 1927 to October 24, 1928 | 1st to 61st | November 23, 1927 to September 13, 1928 | 1927/1928 | ||
| 4th | October 25, 1928 to October 24, 1929 | 1st to 27th | November 23, 1928 to May 16, 1929 | 1928/1929 | ||
| IV. | October 28, 1929 to March 4, 1933 | 1. | October 28, 1929 to October 27, 1930 | 1st to 68th | November 6, 1929 to June 4, 1930 | 1929/1930 |
| 2. | October 28, 1930 to October 27, 1931 | 1st to 64th | November 20, 1930 to September 25, 1931 | 1930/1931 | ||
| 3. | October 25, 1927 to October 24, 1928 | 1st to 37th | November 24, 1931 to November 10, 1932 | 1931/1932 | ||
| 4th | November 11, 1932 to March 4, 1933 | 1st to 27th | November 23, 1928 to February 3, 1933 | 1932/1933 | ||
| V. | March 6, 1933 to October 14, 1933 | 1. | March 6, 1933 to October 14, 1933 | 1 to 3. | May 16, 1933 to June 9, 1933 | 1933 |
President of the State Parliament
| Term of office | president |
|---|---|
| January 5, 1919 - October 7, 1921 | Ferdinand Kopf , center |
| November 9, 1921 - May 4, 1923 | Franz Josef Wittemann , center |
| May 4, 1923 - March 20, 1930 | Eugen Baumgartner , center |
| March 20, 1930 - March 4, 1933 | Josef Duffner , center |
| May 16, 1933 - January 30, 1934 | Herbert Kraft , NSDAP |
State elections
State election 1919
- Allocation of seats in the constituent national assembly of Baden in 1919
-
On January 5, 1919, the election for the Baden Constituent National Assembly took place, which was called to its constituent session on January 15. In this election, women in Baden were entitled to vote for the first time and 9 of the 107 elected representatives were women.
| Election to the constituent national assembly in 1919 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Political party | Voting share in% | Seats |
| Baden Center Party | 36.63% | 39 |
| SPD | 32.06% | 36 |
| DDP | 22.78% | 25th |
| Christian People's Party in Baden (later DNVP ) | 7.03% | 7th |
| USPD | 1.50% | 0 |
| TOTAL | 100.00% | 107 |
100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament
List of members of the state parliament (Republic of Baden) (1st electoral period)
In the referendum of April 13, 1919 on the new constitution, a separate vote was also taken on the continued validity of the National Assembly as state parliament until October 15, 1921, with a majority of around 95% in favor of only around 35% of those eligible to vote Continued validity.
State election 1921
On October 30, 1921, the election to the 1st state parliament took place. The number of seats was reduced from 107 to 86 under the new electoral law (1 seat for every 10,000 valid votes of a party).
| State election 1921 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Voting share in% | Seats | Change (seats) |
| Baden Center Party | 37.87% | 34 seats | - 5 seats |
| SPD | 22.67% | 20 seats | - 16 seats |
| DDP | 8.46% | 7 seats | - 18 seats |
| DNVP (Christian People's Party in Baden) | 8.45% | 7 seats | ± 0 seats |
| Badischer Landbund (farmers list) | 8.31% | 7 seats | + 7 seats |
| German Liberal People's Party | 6.04% | 5 seats | + 5 seats |
| KPD | 3.92% | 3 seats | + 3 seats |
| USPD | 3.02% | 2 seats | + 2 seats |
| Economic association of the Baden middle class | 1.27% | 1 seat | + 1 seat |
100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament
List of members of the state parliament (Republic of Baden) (2nd electoral period)
State election 1925
On October 25, 1925, the election for the 2nd state parliament took place. Due to the lower turnout, the number of seats fell from 86 to 72.
| State election 1925 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Voting share in% | Seats | Change (seats) |
| Baden Center Party | 36.81% | 28 seats | - 6 seats |
| SPD | 20.85% | 16 seats | - 4 seats |
| Badischer Rechtsblock (DNVP and Landbund) | 12.18% | 9 seats | - 5 seats |
| DVP | 9.47% | 7 seats | + 2 seats |
| DDP | 8.66% | 6 seats | - 1 seat |
| KPD | 6.15% | 4 seats | + 1 seat |
| Economic association of the Baden middle class | 2.97% | 2 seats | + 1 seat |
| NSDAP, Völkische u. Appreciation movement | 1.16% | ||
| German Volkish Freedom Movement (DVFB) | 0.83% | ||
| German revaluation and development party (middle class party) | 0.54% | ||
| Badischer Lächter- u. Smallholder Association | 0.39% | ||
100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament
List of members of the Landtag (Republic of Baden) (3rd electoral term)
State election 1929
On October 27, 1929 the election for the 3rd state parliament took place. The number of seats increased from 72 to 88.
| State election 1929 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Voting share in% | Seats | Change (seats) |
| Baden Center Party | 36.66% | 34 seats | + 6 seats |
| SPD | 20.07% | 18 seats | + 2 seats |
| DVP | 7.97% | 7 seats | ± 0 seats |
| NSDAP | 6.98% | 6 seats | + 6 seats |
| DDP | 6.69% | 6 seats | ± 0 seats |
| KPD | 5.91% | 5 seats | + 1 seat |
| Reich Party of the German Mittelstand (Economic Party ) | 3.82% | 3 seats | + 1 seat |
| Evangelical People's Service (Baden Regional Association of Christian People's Service) | 3.79% | 3 seats | + 3 seats |
| German National People's Party (Christian People's Party Baden) | 3.66% | 3 seats | can not be displayed |
| Baden farmers' party | 3.03% | 3 seats | can not be displayed |
| People's Law Party ( Reich Party for People's Law and Appreciation ) | 0.72% | ||
| Christian Social Reich Party Baden | 0.55% | ||
| Left Communists ( Lenin League ) | 0.16% | ||
100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament
List of members of the state parliament (Republic of Baden) (4th electoral term)
The 1933 Reichstag election as a reference election
On March 5, 1933, he was elected to the Reichstag. Due to the provisional law to bring the states into line with the Reich , a new state parliament was appointed based on this election result. The six mandates to which the KPD was entitled on a pro rata basis were canceled on the basis of the presidential decree for the protection of the people and the state . This appointed Landtag only met for its constituent session on May 16. The previous DNVP was called the German National Front and was in a working group with the NSDAP. The eight members of the SPD resigned on June 23, 1933 due to the SPD's ban.
results in Baden
| Reichstag election 1933 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Voting share in% | Seats | Change (seats) |
| NSDAP | 45.36% | 30 seats | + 24 seats |
| Baden Center Party | 25.35% | 17 seats | - 17 seats |
| SPD | 11.93% | 8 seats | - 10 seats |
| KPD | 9.75% | 6 seats | + 1 seat |
| Combat front black-white-red | 3.64% | 2 seats | - 1 seat |
| DStP | 1.49% | - 6 seats | |
| Evangelical People's Service | 1.34% | - 3 seats | |
| DVP | 1.04% | - 7 seats | |
| German farmers party | 0.05% | ||
| Socialist combat community | 0.03% | ||
| Association of farmers and vineyards | 0.02% | ||
100% missing votes = nominations not represented in the state parliament
List of members of the Landtag (Republic of Baden) (5th electoral term)
Presidents of the political groups
- From 1919 to 1930 Josef Schofer was chairman of the center parliamentary group , from February 1930 to 18 September 1931 Eugen Baumgartner and then until summer 1933 Ernst Föhr .
- The SPD parliamentary group was chaired by Anton Geiß from January 15, 1919 to August 1, 1919 , Ludwig Marum from October 21, 1919 to July 17, 1928 , Emil Maier from 1928 to 1931 , Leopold Rückert from June 1931 to February 1933, and from May 1933 to June 1933 Jakob Sommer .
- The chairmen of the DDP parliamentary group were Friedrich König from January 1919 to August 1919 , Hermann Dietrich from October 1919 to October 1920 , Karl Glockner from October 1920 to November 1929 and Oskar Hofheinz from November 6, 1929 to February 1933 .
- The chairman of the DNVP parliamentary group was Friedrich Theodor Mayer from January 1919 to May 16, 1929 , whereby the DNVP formed a parliamentary group from November 4, 1925 to June 4, 1928 as a civil association with the Landbund and the Economic Association , which was also formed by Mayer was headed. Another parliamentary group leader of the DNVP was Paul Schmitthenner from November 6, 1929 to February 3, 1933 , who finally headed the German National Front from May 16, 1933 to June 9, 1933 , which entered into a working group with the NSDAP.
- USPD parliamentary group chairman was Rudolf Freidhof from November 9, 1921 to July 1922 .
- KPD parliamentary group chairmen were Max Bock from November 9, 1921 to November 1929 , Georg Lechleiter from November 6, 1929 to April 20, 1932 and Robert Klausmann from April 20, 1932 to February 1933 .
- From November 9, 1921 to November 10, 1922 Hermann Gebhard and from November 10, 1922 to November 1925 Gustav Klaiber were chairmen of the Landbund's parliamentary groups . From November 1925 to June 4, 1928, the Landbund was with the DNVP and the Economic Association in a parliamentary group called the Bürgerliche Vereinigung , which was headed by the DNVP MP Mayer. After the dissolution of the faction of the civil association , Gustav Klaiber again headed the faction of the Economic and Peasant Party from June 4, 1928 to November 1930, followed by Adam von Au , who was parliamentary group chairman from November 20, 1930 to September 25, 1931.
- From November 6, 1929 to January 31, 1931 Hermann Teutsch , from January 31, 1931 to September 1931, Ernst Brühler and from November 24, 1931 to March 1933, Eugen Kroenlein, were chairmen of the Protestant People's Service .
- The chairman of the NSDAP parliamentary group was Walter Köhler from November 6, 1929 until the state parliament was abolished at the end of 1933 .
literature
- Michael Braun: The Baden State Parliament 1918–1933. Handbook of the history of German parliamentarism. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2010, ISBN 978-3-7700-5294-3 .
- Martin Furtwängler (editor): The minutes of the government of the Republic of Baden. First volume: the provisional government November 1918 - March 1919. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-17-022055-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Minutes of the “Preparatory Meeting” of January 14, 1919; the constituent and official first meeting took place on January 15th
- ^ Act concerning the constitution of Baden
- ↑ Law on the state elections, the right to propose to the people and the referendum (state election law). In: Baden Law and Ordinance Sheet No. 59 of August 19, 1920
- ^ Enabling Act
- ↑ Provisional law for the alignment of the states with the Reich
- ↑ Negotiations of the Baden state parliament. V. State Parliament period. 1st session. Repertory
- ↑ data according to the official protocols; There is some overlap in the parliamentary and session periods
- ↑ until the constitution of March 21, 1919 came into force as a meeting of the “National Constituent Assembly”, then as a state parliament.
- ^ Minutes of the 1st meeting on May 16, 1933
- ^ Repertory of the Negotiations of the Baden Landtag, 5th Landtag period ; to handle the business of the state parliament, which was dissolved on October 14, 1933, the legal status of the state parliament president was left unchanged until January 30, 1934.
- ↑ for the legal basis, see Baden Law and Ordinance Sheet No. 67 of November 22, 1918
- ↑ Baden Law and Ordinance Gazette from January 10, 1919
- ↑ Pioneers of Democracy in the Southwest on the homepage of the State Center for Civic Education Baden-Württemberg; accessed on November 26, 2019
- ↑ StatLABaWü, 1919
- ↑ § 2 Law on the referendum on the Constitution of March 21, 1919 and on the continuation of the National Assembly , printed in Badisches Gesetzes- und Verordnungsblatt , No. 21, p. 186
- ^ The first referendum in Baden. In: Karlsruher Zeitung of April 14, 1919
- ^ Member association of the Reichslandbund
- ↑ StatLABaWü, 1921
- ↑ StatLABaWü, 1925
- ↑ StatLABaWü, 1929
- ↑ StatLABaWü, 1933
.svg)
Anhalt | Bathing | Bavaria | Braunschweig | Bremen | Coburg (until 1920) | Hamburg | Hessen | Lip | Lübeck | Mecklenburg-Schwerin | Mecklenburg-Strelitz | Oldenburg | Prussia | Reuss (until 1920) | Saar area (under the League of Nations administration 1920-1935) | Saxony | Saxony-Altenburg (until 1920) | Saxe-Gotha (until 1920) | Saxony-Meiningen (until 1920) | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (until 1920) | Schaumburg-Lippe | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (until 1920) | Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (until 1920) | Thuringia (from 1920) | Waldeck (until 1929) | Württemberg
Overview: election results