Landtag Lippe
| Country flag | State coat of arms |
|---|---|
|
|
| Basic data | |
| Seat: | Detmold |
| Elective system : | Proportional representation |
| Number of votes: | 1 |
| Number of constituencies : | 1 |
| Seats | 21st |
| Eligible voters : | 86,849 (1919) |
| Legislative period : | 4 years |
| First session: | February 20, 1919 |
| Last session: | January 21, 1947 |
The Landtag of the Land of Lippe was the representative body for the Principality and Free State of Lippe . It had class precursors in the early modern period . After the unsuccessful attempt in 1819, the constitution of 1836 largely adhered to the corporate structure. After the enactment of a short liberal constitution during the revolution of 1848/49 , the old situation was restored before the three-class suffrage was introduced in 1876 . At the time of the Free State of Lippe, after the revolution of 1918, there was a state parliament, democratically elected on the basis of a general, equal and secret electoral law . After the start of National Socialist rule , the state parliament was dissolved in October 1933 and no longer re-established. After the end of the Second World War , the British occupation authorities set up an appointed state parliament in 1946 , which sat until the state of Lippe in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1947.
Estates in the early modern period
The first approaches to the constitution of the landed estates go back to the time of Simon III. back in 1368. However, this was not trained until the 16th century.
The Lippe estates of the early modern period consisted of the curia of the knighthood and the curia of the cities. There were about 30 manors suitable for the state assembly and six cities. Originally, the right to appear in the state parliament was a personal right. From the 18th century, eligibility for the state parliament was based on the possession of a manor and the aristocratic class. Christian Gottlieb Clostermeier names a total of 31 goods eligible for state parliament for 1786, of which the state parliament vote is suspended for six because the owners were not nobles. These were:
| Manor | owner |
|---|---|
| Heidelbeck Castle ( Heidelbeck ) | von Westphalen |
| Gut Niederntalle ( Niederntalle ) | from Blomberg |
| Steinbeck | from Wreden |
| Ahmsen | from Exterde |
| Schöttmar | by Donop |
| Papenhausen | from Wendt |
| Entrup | by Donop |
| Ullenhausen | of camping |
| Gut Hovedissen ( Hovedissen ) | from Borries |
| Sylbach Estate ( Holzhausen ) | by Donop |
| Iggenhausen | from Blomberg |
| Wendlinghausen | from Kerßenbrock |
| Wierborn | from Kerßenbrock |
| Blomberg | from Lossberg |
| Maspe | from Friesenhausen |
| Reelkirchen | from Mengersen |
| Hornoldendorf | from Hammerstein |
| Belle | from Steding / from Friesenhausen |
| Wobbel | by Donop |
| Küterbrock | from Dalwig |
The six estates with dormant voting rights were: Gut Braunenbruch , Gut Herberhausen , Brake , Borkhausen , Freismissen and Gröpperhof . After 1786, the two former Amtmeierhöfe Eckendorf and Niederbarkhausen were added to the group of property eligible for state parliament by sovereign pardon.
This was convened annually by the counts to the state parliaments. The convocation was also reported to the heads of the branch lines. Since the state parliaments were invited annually, the invitation was made using a form in which only the place and time were entered manually. They also discussed the items to be discussed and the expert opinions of the stands.
The central element was the approval of taxes. In addition, general state affairs could also be discussed. In addition, the stands were involved in the legal system. It was disputed what rights the estates had in general legislation. While the estates themselves claimed participation, the sovereigns only gave them an advisory vote.
Each curia elected two deputies from among its members for day-to-day business between the diets and for decisions on urgent questions. These deputies were called district administrators.
The syndic was an officer who was obliged to serve both curiahs. A state treasury administration commission was responsible for the administration of the state treasury.
Since the state joined the Rhine Confederation , no more meetings of the state estates have been convened. After the establishment of the German Confederation , the estates demanded that the old rights be restored. To this end, they made a complaint to the Federal Assembly in 1817. This set up a mediation commission in 1818.
Development in the 19th century
Princess Pauline , who ran government business on behalf of her son between 1802 and 1820, pursued an internal reform policy. This included the peasants' liberation of 1808 and, following demands from the population, the enactment of a land-class constitution. After this, the old ranks of the knighthood and the cities were replaced by a state parliament of all residents. The constitution announced in 1819 failed, however, because of the resistance of the previous estates and the reaction policy in the German Confederation .
Therefore, it was not until 1836 that a constitution was introduced and a state parliament was established. In addition to the estates of the cities and the knighthood, representatives of the hereditary landowners now also appeared if they did not belong to the knighthood. The knighthood elected five noble and two bourgeois deputies from among their ranks. These formed their own curia. The inhabitants of the cities and the flat country each elected seven representatives. Deputies from the cities and the flat country together formed a curia. The constitution thus moved within the framework of the class tradition.
In the course of the revolution of 1848/49 there was a liberalization. But the pre-revolutionary state was in 1853 by Prince Leopold III. restored. It was not until 1867 that the estates received the right to participate in legislation by law. In 1876, the three-class suffrage was introduced. This was true until the revolution of 1918.
Free State of Lippe
right
According to the constitution of the Free State of Lippe of 1920, the state parliament was elected for four years and consisted of 21 members. All residents from the age of twenty had the active right to vote, all residents from the age of 25 had the passive right to vote. He passed the laws and oversaw the administration. The MPs had the right to set up committees of inquiry, provided that at least a third of the members of the state parliament agreed. The state parliament was dissolved prematurely through a successful referendum . As the government of the Free State, the State Presidium was dependent on the confidence of the State Parliament. With a majority of MPs, he was able to withdraw confidence in the government. In addition, he had the right to indict members of the state presidium before the state court of the German Reich . With a majority of MPs, the state parliament was also able to change the constitution.
Political development
In the first elections to a new state parliament, the MSPD achieved an absolute majority on January 26, 1919. The state parliament then elected Clemens Becker as prime minister, who presided over a coalition of the SPD and DDP . In December 1920, a new government was formed under Heinrich Drake . In addition to the previous partners, the DVP was added.
| Seats in the state parliament of Lippe 1919–1933 | ||||||||||
| Political party | 1919 | 1921 | 1925 | 1929 | 1933 I. | |||||
| SPD | 11 | 8th | 8th | 9 | 7th | |||||
| DNVP | 5 | 5 | 6th | 3 | 1 | |||||
| DDP | 4th | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | |||||
| DVP | 1 | 4th | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||||
| NSDAP | - | - | - | - | 9 | |||||
| KPD | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Rural people | - | - | - | 2 | - | |||||
| HuG | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |||||
| Vrp | - | - | - | 1 | - | |||||
| CSVd | - | - | - | - | 1 | |||||
| Gwb | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |||||
The state elections of January 23, 1921 led to massive losses for the SPD (- 17.5%), while the DVP was able to gain significantly (+ 11.9%). Nevertheless, the state parliament again elected a coalition of DDP, DVP and SPD under Drake. However, the DVP soon left the government, so that from June of that year Drake could only rely on the SPD and DDP in the state parliament.
In the state elections of 1925, there was no significant change in the proportion of votes. Drake first formed an SPD minority government, which was shortly expanded to include smaller parties, before a coalition of SPD, DDP and DVP was again formed in 1926.
In the state elections of 1929, the SPD was able to gain more votes (+ 4.6%), while the DNVP lost half of the seats in the state parliament, especially as a result of the candidacy of the rural people. Drake formed a coalition of the SPD, DDP and a small other partner.
In October of that year, the right-wing parties tried for the first time in vain to dissolve the state parliament with the help of a referendum. In March 1931 there was again a referendum to dissolve the state parliament, in which the NSDAP also participated. The process failed because of the referendum.
In the run-up to the state elections on January 15, 1933 , the NSDAP made massive propaganda. It came to a share of the vote of almost 40%. Although the party fell behind the results of the Reichstag elections of July 1932, it strengthened the political weight of the NSDAP at the Reich level. Ernst Krappe became Prime Minister of an NSDAP government .
In the course of the alignment of the states with the Reich, the state parliament was reorganized on the basis of the results of the Reichstag election of March 1933 at the beginning of April 1933. The legal basis was the provisional law on bringing the states into line with the Reich in conjunction with the Lippe implementing law of April 3, 1933. This law reduces the state parliament to 17 members. Of these, 10 belong to the NSDAP, 5 to the SPD and one each to the DNVP and KPD. Due to the ban on the KPD, its seat was canceled. A member of the SPD was able to take part in the constituent meeting for the last time. Thereafter, the SPD deputies were refused entry to the state parliament until the SPD was banned in the Reich on June 22, 1933 and in Lippe on June 23, 1933. In June an enabling law was passed for the state of Lippe and the state parliament was dissolved in October.
post war period
After the Second World War, the British military government installed Heinrich Drake as country president. Drake also acted as state president of the state of Schaumburg-Lippe . In April 1945, Lippe was rebuilt by the British occupying forces as the first post-war German country. A 12-member national councilor , appointed by the British on the proposal of country president Heinrich Drake , met 10 times from August 16, 1945 to April 1946 and primarily had an advisory function. As in other countries, an appointed state parliament was formed . The appointed Lippe Landtag met eleven times. Originally, the British planned to form a joint Lippisch- Schaumburg-Lippische Landtag. The Lippe Landtag was constituted on May 9, 1946 and included 31 members, including Drake. In 1946 he drew up a draft constitution for the country of Lippe, which was submitted to the British military government. In view of the negotiations that have already begun to join Lower Saxony or North Rhine-Westphalia and the prospect of the dissolution of Lippe's statehood, the British only confirmed the draft for the time being. H. not final, so that the new constitution could not take effect. A short time later, the British government decided to form the state of North Rhine-Westphalia initially without a lip. On January 21, 1947, Lippe joined the state of North Rhine-Westphalia after the Lippe punctuation of December 5, 1946 stipulated conditions and generous special regulations for the Lipper to join. That was the end of the history of the Landtag. The last solemn meeting was held on January 21, 1947, with the participation of the British representatives. Four MPs from Lippe moved into the Appointed State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia as representatives of Lippe .
Parliament building
The state parliament last met in the state parliament and government building on Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz in Detmold, which was completed in 1911 during the reign of Leopold IV . The part of the building complex towards Paulinenstraße / Heinrich-Drake-Straße was once the building of the state parliament.
The state parliament is a palatial stone building in the baroque reform style ( neo-baroque ) with a mansard roof. The main facade facing Heinrich-Drake-Strasse is structured by six risalits . The entrance on the main facade is raised through a small portico resting on two columns . Its triangular gable has been blown up and decorated with a stone sculpture in the form of a Nikosthenischn pyxis with surrounding putti figures . The entrance to Drake-Strasse is still inscribed with the relief "Landtag". The Detmold district court is now located in the building of the former Lippe state parliament .
In the directly adjacent part of the building complex, the former state government was housed until 1947 and later the government of the Detmold administrative district. Today this part is the official building of the Detmold District Court .
Before the splendid building was erected on Paulinenstrasse, the state parliament met at Grabenstrasse 12, a plastered building from around 1830, with pilasters and an iron balcony. It became the seat of the Lippe Landtag in the second half of the 19th century.
Individual evidence
- ^ Constitution of the Land of Lippe of December 21, 1920. Article 5.
- ^ Constitution of the Land of Lippe of December 21, 1920. Article 7.
- ↑ The Free State of Lippe. State election 1919.
- ^ Constitution of the Land of Lippe of December 21, 1920. Article 7.
- ↑ The Free State of Lippe. State election 1919.
- ^ Christian Gottlieb Clostermeier: Draft of a historical-geographical description of the Lippe region; quoted from: Der Lippische Landtag - A parliamentary tradition in North Rhine-Westphalia, 1984, p. 28.
- ↑ Roland Linde et al.,: Adelsgüter and domains in Lippe, 2004, p. 26, digitized
- ↑ Carl von Rotteck, Carl Welcker (ed.): Staatslexikon. Vol. 9, Altona, 1840, p. 742.
- ^ Karl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz: The European constitutions since 1789 up to the most recent time. Vol. 1 Leipzig, 1832, p. 1096, Heinrich Berghaus: Germany from a hundred years. Vol. 1 Leipzig, 1859 p. 422
- ↑ Overview of results
- ↑ competed under the name LWV
- ^ Hitler's victory in Lippe
- ^ Hans Hüls: Voters and voting behavior in the state of Lippe during the Weimar Republic. (= Special publications of the natural science and historical association for the state of Lippe. 22). Detmold 1974, p. 98.
- ^ Hans Hüls: Voters and voting behavior in the state of Lippe during the Weimar Republic . tape 22 of the special publications of the Natural and Historical Society for the State of Lippe. Scientific and historical association for the state of Lippe, 1974.
- ↑ Reinhart route: The Lippische Landtag: a parliamentary tradition in North Rhine-Westphalia. Exhibition of the North Rhine-Westphalian State Archive Detmold. In: Nordrhein-Westfälisches Staatsarchiv Detmold (Hrsg.): Publications of the State Archives of North Rhine-Westphalia . tape 19 . Self-published by the State Archives, 1984 ( online ).
- ↑ Minutes of the solemn final session of the Lippe state parliament on January 21, 1947
- ↑ The constitutional obligations of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia towards the Lippe region ( memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ City of Detmold. Image archive. The old parliament building under renovation 1976–1977 / Haus Grabenstr. 12.
- ↑ City of Detmold: Hornsche Straße ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Detmold District Court: Chronicle. On the history of the Detmold District Court ( Memento of the original from June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Regional Association Westphalia-Lippe: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz Detmold in LWL-GeodatenKultur
See also
- List of members of the Landtag (Free State of Lippe) (1st electoral period, 1919–1921)
- List of members of the Landtag (Free State of Lippe) (2nd electoral period, 1921–1925)
- List of members of the Landtag (Free State of Lippe) (3rd electoral period, 1925–1929)
- List of members of the Landtag (Free State of Lippe) (4th electoral term, 1929–1933)
- List of members of the Landtag (Free State of Lippe) (5th electoral term, 1933)
- List of members of the appointed state parliament (Free State of Lippe, 1946–1947)
literature
- Reinhart route: The Lippe state parliament, a parliamentary tradition in North Rhine-Westphalia . North Rhine-Westphalian State Archive Detmold and North Rhine-Westphalian Civil Status Archive Westphalia-Lippe. Detmold 1984.
- Walter Först: A short history of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Düsseldorf 1986.
- Johannes Arndt : The Lippe state parliament. Political-social practice and symbolic culture in the 18th century . In: Westphalian Institute for Regional History of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe (Hrsg.): Westphalian Research - Journal of the Westphalian Institute for Regional History of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe . tape 53 , 2003, p. 159-182 .
Web links
- Lippe-Detmold (1820-1914). (PDF; 38 kB) In: eKompendium-hgisg.de. The electronic travel guide to the historical-geographical information system HGIS Germany (1820–1914). Andreas Kunz (HGIS Germany), archived from the original ; Retrieved December 1, 2009 .
- Andreas Gonschior: The Free State of Lippe. State election 1919. Accessed December 1, 2009 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 56 ′ 11.7 " N , 8 ° 52 ′ 26.1" E
.svg)
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Overview: election results