State election in the People's State of Hesse in 1931
The state election in the People's State of Hesse in 1931 was the fifth election in the People's State of Hesse to the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse . It took place on November 15, 1931 and led to the loss of the majority in the governing coalition due to the NSDAP's election victory . Since the election was later declared invalid, the Landtag election in the People's State of Hesse took place in 1932 the following year .
initial situation
The constitution of the People's State of Hesse provided for a legislative period of three years. On March 28, 1930, the state parliament passed a series of constitutional amendments that were justified with cost savings (the background was the austerity policy in the world economic crisis ). The legislative period was extended from three to four years. This means that elections to the Reich and Landtag will take place on the same day in future. In addition, one was self-dissolution law of the State Parliament decided. This required a majority of two thirds of the votes (as was the case for constitutional amendments). The number of MPs (previously 70) is to be regulated in a separate electoral law. With a resolution of May 13, 1930, this regulation was extended to the current legislative period and the regular election of the Landtag was postponed from November 1930 to November 1931.
The Great Depression in 1930 led to a crisis of democracy. In the Reichstag election in 1930, the NSDAP and KPD won. The democratic parties suffered significant losses. The same tendency had emerged in the state elections in Saxony and Braunschweig in 1930. In the Bremen citizenship election on November 30, 1930, the NSDAP achieved 25.40%, in the state parliament and citizenship elections in 1931 it was always more than 25%.
The NSDAP campaigned aggressively in Hesse. A large number of election rallies were held, at which Hitler and Goebels also appeared. They presented themselves in an anti-parliamentary manner with the election slogan "Away with the Hessian state parliament" and posted "Hessen awake!" As an adaptation of Germany awake .
Election result
| Subject of evidence |
be right | Seats | ± | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | in % | |||
| Eligible voters | 963.960 | 100.0 | ||
| Voters | 793.306 | 82.3 | ||
| Invalid votes | 8.002 | 1.0 | ||
| Valid votes | 785.304 | 100.0 | 70 | 0 |
| from that | ||||
| National-socialist German Workers' Party | 291.183 | 37.1 | 27 | +27 |
| Social Democratic Party of Germany | 168.101 | 21.4 | 15th | −9 |
| center | 112,444 | 14.3 | 10 | −3 |
| Communist Party of Germany | 106,790 | 13.6 | 10 | +4 |
| Hessian country people | 20,763 | 2.6 | 2 | −7 |
| German People's Party | 18,324 | 2.3 | 1 | −6 |
| Christian Social People's Service | 16,714 | 2.1 | 1 | +1 |
| Communist Party Opposition | 14,938 | 1.9 | 1 | +1 |
| German National People's Party | 10,857 | 1.4 | 1 | −2 |
| German state party | 10,822 | 1.4 | 1 | −4 |
| Socialist Workers' Party of Germany | 8,170 | 1.0 | 1 | +1 |
| Radical Democratic Party | 4,613 | 0.6 | - | - |
| People's Rights Party | 1,585 | 0.2 | - | - |
For the elected representatives see the list of members of the Landtag (Volksstaat Hessen) (5th electoral term) .
consequences
The landslide victory of the NSDAP and the success of the KPD meant that the democratic parties together no longer had a majority in parliament. The NSDAP's strategy of legally coming to power had been damaged , especially in Hesse, when the Boxheim documents became known . She therefore tried to work with the center. In the election for the presidency of the state parliament, the NSDAP voted for Heinrich Weckler (center) as the first vice-president and thus pushed through his election. According to parliamentary practice, the SPD, as the second largest faction, should have filled this post. Heinrich Delp (SPD) was elected as the second vice president. However, there was no further collaboration. On December 8, 1931, the NSDAP presented the center faction with the NSDAP's demands for the formation of a government with the center in Hesse . The center rejected these requests and was not ready to cooperate. As a result, the Adelung cabinet remained in office.
Invalidity of choice
The economic party had not been admitted to the state election. The reason was the non-recognition of 44 support votes. The business party criticized this approach during the election test . On May 9, 1932, the State Court declared the state elections of November 15, 1931 invalid and ordered a new election within two months. Accordingly, the next state election in the People's State of Hesse took place on June 19, 1932.
literature
- Eckhart G. Franz: People's State of Hesse 1918–1945; in: Handbuch der Hessischen Geschichte, 2nd volume, 3rd delivery, 2003, ISBN 3-7708-1237-9 , p. 915.
- Eckhart G. Franz: Parliament in the struggle for democracy: The Landtag of the People's State of Hesse 1919-1933, 1991, ISBN 3884430270 , p. 44, 487 ff.
Web links
- "New elections to the Hessian Landtag, November 15, 1931", in: Contemporary History in Hessen Online (as of December 18, 2018)
Individual evidence
- ^ "Acceptance of constitutional amendments by the Hessian State Parliament, March 28, 1930", in: Contemporary History in Hessen Online (as of October 23, 2018)
- ↑ Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 6 of April 24, 1930, 49–56, p. 49: Law on amending the Hessian constitution of March 28, 1930
- ^ "Extension of the electoral period of the Hessian Landtag elected in 1927, May 13, 1930", in: Contemporary History in Hessen Online (as of May 13, 2018)
- ↑ Law on the extension of the term of office of the IV. Landtag of May 13, 1930. Printed in: Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 8, Darmstadt 1930, p. 65
- ↑ of which 1931: KPO 1.91%, DNVP 1.4%, DStP 1.4%, SAP 1.0%, RDP 0.6%, VRP 0.2%.
- ^ The People's State of Hesse: State election 1931 on www.gonschior.de
- ↑ V. Landtag of the People's State of Hesse: Printed matter no. 1. Government draft: Landtag election 1931. Darmstadt December 7, 1931 ( PDF; 1.5 MB )
- ^ "Demands of the NSDAP for the formation of a government with the center in Hesse, December 8, 1931", in: Zeitgeschichte in Hessen Online (as of April 1, 2019)
- ^ "Answer of the center faction in the Hessian state parliament to the NSDAP, December 11, 1931", in: Zeitgeschichte in Hessen Online (as of August 7, 2018)
- ^ "State election of November 15, 1931 declared invalid, May 9, 1932", in: Zeitgeschichte in Hessen Online (as of August 20, 2018)
- ^ "Repetition of the Hessian state elections, June 19, 1932", in: Zeitgeschichte in Hessen Online (as of October 14, 2018)
