Ernhaus

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Ernhaus in framework construction in Klein Schöppenstedt in Cremlingen in 1900
For a simplified floor plan of the Ernhaus (ground floor) see drawing on the left
Group of houses in Schimmert , Limburg , Netherlands

The Ernhaus is a eaves serviced byre-dwelling . The entrance is on the long side and leads into the Ern , a Franconian name for the central hall and hearth. The Ernhaus is also known as

designated. It is a type of farmhouse that emerged in the Middle Ages in half-timbered or solid stone construction. It is a single house , in which the apartment and stable room are combined in one house. This rural, rural house shape still shapes the appearance of many villages in central and southern Germany. Its northern limit of distribution is roughly in the area where the low mountain ranges merge into the north German lowlands. There the (Low German) Hallenhaus connects to the north , which is popularly known as the Lower Saxony House. A key difference between the two types of houses is that the roof of the Ernhaus is supported by the outer walls, whereas the Fachhallenhaus is supported by internal wooden posts .

construction

The Ernhaus is divided into three zones:

  • Living room
  • Hallway ( Ern with stove or kitchen)
  • Economic sector (stable)

The hallway is the central area of ​​the house with a stove (later kitchen) in the rear hallway area. The hallway leads to the living area on one side and the utility area on the other. The house had two fire pits from the start. In the living room, the parlor, there was a tiled stove and in the hallway, which was later separated as a kitchen, there was a stove for cooking.

The house was initially one-storey, but since the 15th century it has mostly been two-storey with a ground floor and an upper floor. From the 17th century the upper floor had a slight overhang and featured beam heads and thresholds as an artistic design. During this time, several buildings can be found on larger courtyards, which formed a two-, three- or four-sided courtyard as a residential house, barn and stable .

literature

  • Karl Baumgarten : The German Farmhouse - An Introduction to Its History from the 9th to the 19th Century , Berlin 1980
  • Richard Andree : Braunschweiger Volkskunde , Braunschweig 1901