Heisters

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heisters
Municipality Grebenhain
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 49 ″  N , 9 ° 24 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 393 m
Area : 2.74 km²
Residents : 84  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 31 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st February 1971
Incorporated into: Steigertal
Postal code : 36355
Area code : 06644
The Protestant church next to the former school, today the village community center
The Protestant church next to the former school, today the village community center

Heisters is a district of the Grebenhain community in the Vogelsberg district in Central Hesse .

geography

Heisters is located in the eastern Vogelsberg at an altitude of 274  m above sea level. NN . The district of Heisters has an area of ​​274 hectares and extends between the 480 m high Hesseberg in the north and the 459 m high Rohberg in the south. Today 240 hectares are still used for agriculture, 106 hectares of which are meadows and 47 hectares of arable land. The forest area is 87 ha, the location and other areas such as paths, waterways and regional roads 34 ha. The Lüder flows through the place, which rises at Bermuthshain and flows into the Fulda after 40 km at Lüdermünd .

history

The three districts of the short-lived municipality of Steigertal (Heisters, Wünsch-Moos , Zahmen ) have numerous historical similarities. The eponymous mountain Steiger between Heisters and Zahmen is already mentioned in the boundary description of the parish of Crainfeld from 1011 as a border point under the name Steigira . Although none of the three localities is named in this document, it can be assumed that they already existed at this point in time.

Heisters is first mentioned in a document from the Riedeselian court Schlechtenwegen about fishing rights in Lüder from 1418 as Heistrols . The Schlechtenwegen court, to which besides Heisters among other things also Wünsch-Moos and Zahmen belonged, was owned by the Lords of Blankenwald, a sideline of the Lords of Schlitz , until 1338 and then came to the Lords of Eisenbach as a fief of the Fulda abbots . When the male line died out, the court fell to the Riedesel in 1428. In 1680 the seat of the court was moved from Schlechtenwegen to Altenschlirf .

During a feud between the Riedeseln and the Fulda Abbey in 1467 the Riedeselian courts Moos and Schlechtenwegen, including the village of Heisters, were burned down. The rights of the Blankenau and Neuenberg provosts in the court of Schlechtenwegen, including Heisters, remained in place until 1525. After the German Peasants' War , however, the Riedesel took advantage of the interim weakness of the prince abbey and withdrew their feudal rule and a considerable part of their property rights without authorization.

During the Thirty Years' War , 60 people died of the plague in Heisters in 1629 after it was brought in by the mercenary troops passing through.

The children from Heisters first attended the school established in 1540 in the parish of Nieder-Moos . It was not until the 18th century that the individual branches were given their own schoolmasters, including Heisters in 1713. Classes were first held in turn in the schoolchildren's houses before the Heisters community was able to build its own schoolhouse in 1837.

The church in Heisters

As a result of the mediatization at the end of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1806, the knighthood of the barons Riedesel zu Eisenbach was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Heisters has been in Hesse since that year and was initially administered as part of the Altenschlirf office. After the new Hessian municipality and district ordinance came into force in 1821, Heisters initially belonged to the Herbstein district (from 1825 Lauterbach district). In 1848 the village became part of the short-lived Alsfeld administrative district and after its dissolution in 1852 it became part of the Lauterbach district .

Because of its small population, the municipality of Heisters did not have its own mayor after the Hessian municipal code came into force in 1821, but instead formed a joint mayor's office with the neighboring municipalities of Wünsch-Moos, Zahmen and Steinfurt . The official name was the mayor's office in Steinfurt , although until 1894 a local citizen from Heisters held the mayor's office. After Steinfurt had received its own mayor in 1865, the name was changed to Heisters mayor . In 1909 there were efforts in Heisters to break away from the common mayor's office with Zahmen und Wünsch-Moos, but these were not implemented due to the financial burdens.

During the First World War , eight soldiers from Heisters were killed or went missing. During the Second World War , Heisters had seven dead and missing people to complain about, plus three relatives of those who had come to the village after 1946.

After the old schoolhouse was demolished, a new building was built on the same site from 1897 to 1899. In 1909 the local water pipe was built and in 1923 it was connected to the power grid of the Oberhessen overland plant . In 1962 the Heisters thoroughfare was expanded and renewed again in 1979 and 1984. In 1963 the water supply was completely renewed, with the communities of Heisters and Zahmen building a joint pumping station with an elevated tank.

The one-class elementary school in the village had to be closed in 1969 as a result of the school reform in Hesse in favor of the new central school ( Oberwaldschule ) in Grebenhain. The Heisters school house was then converted into a village community center by 1972 .

Heisters after the territorial reform

In the initial phase of the regional reform in Hesse , the communities of Heisters, Wünsch-Moos and Zahmen decided to join forces on a voluntary basis and on the basis of long-standing ties to form a common community. Thus, on February 1, 1971, the municipality of Steigertal was founded. However, the hopes of avoiding affiliation with one of the large municipalities planned as part of the regional reform in this way were not fulfilled. After only one and a half years, on August 1, 1972, due to a law, the municipality of Steigertal was incorporated into the larger municipality of Grebenhain and at the same time incorporated into the newly formed Vogelsbergkreis. What has remained, however, is the joint mayor district of the districts of Heisters, Wünsch-Moos and Zahmen.

After the regional reform came into force, the fire station was rebuilt from 1983 to 1985 and a communal sewage treatment plant was built from 1994 to 1996 for the districts of Heisters, Metzlos, Metzlos-Gehaag, Wünschmoos and Zahmen. In 1999, all three former districts of Steigertal were included in the Hessian village renewal program , within the framework of which Heisters was funded until 2010. In 2007, the village community center, which was renovated as part of the village renewal, was inaugurated.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Heisters was located or the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Law

Substantive law

In Heisters, the Riedesel'schen ordinances were considered particular law . The Common Law applied only to the extent those regulations did not contain provisions. Theoretically, this special right retained its validity even while it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the 19th century, but only individual provisions were used in judicial practice. The particular law was replaced on January 1, 1900 by the civil code that was uniformly valid throughout the German Empire .

Court constitution since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the " Riedeselsche Patrimonialgericht Altenschlirf" was responsible for Heisters from 1806 . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance were transferred to the newly created regional courts in 1821 as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. "Landgericht Altenschlirf" was therefore from 1821 to 1853 the name of the court of first instance in Altenschlierf, which was responsible for Heisters. In 1853 the regional court was moved to Herbstein.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Herbstein Local Court and assigned to the district of the regional court Pouring . From 1943 the Herbstein District Court was only operated as a branch of the Lauterbach District Court before it was finally dissolved in 1968 and added to the Lauterbach District Court area. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Marburg Regional Court , the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1961: 108 Protestant (= 85.04%), 19 Catholic (= 14.96%) residents
Heisters: Population from 1834 to 1970
year     Residents
1834
  
 145
1840
  
 160
1846
  
 167
1852
  
 171
1858
  
 188
1864
  
 155
1871
  
 160
1875
  
 159
1885
  
 148
1895
  
 155
1905
  
 154
1910
  
 138
1925
  
 129
1939
  
 114
1946
  
 201
1950
  
 176
1956
  
 136
1961
  
 127
1967
  
 117
1970
  
 106
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

religion

Heisters originally belonged to the parish of Crainfeld, founded in 1011. Relatively early on, a subsidiary church was built in the small village, which has been preserved and used in a modified form to this day. In 1524, however, the parish villages in the area of ​​Riedesel zu Eisenbach were separated from the mother church in Hesse and elevated to the status of an independent parish of Nieder-Moos. In 1528 the Reformation was introduced in the newly founded parish. Heisters remained purely evangelical until 1945.

politics

The joint mayor of Heisters, Wünsch-Moos and Zahmen is Bernhard Simon (as of 2016) .

societies

The club life of Heisters is, due to the long time of the joint mayor's office and the municipality of Steigertal, closely connected with that of Wünsch-Moos and Zahmen. The following associations of citizens of the three districts exist (year of foundation in brackets):

Architectural monuments

Evangelical branch church

The small church of Heisters above the Lüder was probably built in the 14th or 15th century, which is indicated by a still preserved (but bricked up) Gothic window. It is first mentioned in 1570 as Capellen zum Heysters . Between 1842 and 1843 the church was enlarged by a third and received its present-day appearance. The baptismal font, which is still in use, dates from 1653. The two bells hanging in the roof turret of the church were cast in 1699 and 1733. An organ has been in the church since 1777. It was built by Friedrich Meinecke, a foreman at the Wegmann workshop . It has been renovated several times, most recently in 1993.

Old school (village community center)

Heisters village community center, originally built as a school

Immediately next to the church is the half-timbered building that was built between 1897 and 1899 instead of a previous school building from 1837. It was designed by the master builder Gustav Jockel from Lauterbach and built by the master carpenter Sebastian Fritz from Crainfeld. The schoolhouse served its purpose until 1969 and was redesigned into a village community center until 1972. As part of the village renewal, the building was renovated from 2005 to 2007 and a modern extension was added.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic structure

The originally agricultural village of Heisters is now almost a place of residence for commuters . The local trade also includes a butcher's shop and a building services company .

traffic

The district road 91 leads through Heisters from Crainfeld to Zahmen. In the village, the district road 89 , which begins in Altenschlirf, joins the district road 91.

literature

  • Karlheinz Leuther: Heisters and his surroundings , Lauterbach 1970
  • Volkmar Seibert: village chronicle Steigertal. Heisters - Wünsch-Moos - Zahmen , Zahmen 2012
  • Gottfried Rehm: The organ from Heisters , In: Buchenblätter (supplement to the Fuldaer Zeitung ). No. 30, page 120, December 15, 2004
  • Literature on Heisters in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Heisters, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of April 17, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Information on the districts. In: Website of the municipality of Grebenhain. Retrieved January 21, 2018 .
  3. ^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , point 328, paragraph 50 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 and 368 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 23 ( online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 411 ( online at Google Books ).
  8. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 29, note 92 and p. 103, note 14.
  9. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  10. ↑ Head of the community. In: Website of the municipality of Grebenhain. Retrieved December 25, 2017 .