Neuenberg Monastery
| Neuenberg Monastery | |
|---|---|
 The monastery church from the west with the remaining convent buildings on the left in the background |
|
| location | Fulda-Neuenberg, Andreasberg 5 |
| Lies in the diocese | Fulda |
| Coordinates: | 50 ° 33 '8.6 " N , 9 ° 39' 42.5" E |
| Patronage | St. Andrew |
| founding year | 1023 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
in the Peasants' War in 1525 |
| Mother monastery | Benedictine Abbey of Fulda |
The monastery Neuenberg was the patronage of the Apostle Andrew imputed provost of the Benedictine monastery of Fulda in the west of Fulda by hill Neuenberg from which the present-day parish of St. Andrew in the Fulda district Neuenberg emerged.
history
The monastery was founded in 1023 by the Fulda abbot Richard von Amorbach († 1039) on Neuenberg in front of the walls of the city of Fulda . He was buried in the monastery he founded on July 20, 1039. His grave is still unchanged today in the monastery church ( St. Andreas ). It is the only abbot grave in Fulda that dates from before 1700.
The village of Neuenberg arose near the monastery as early as the 12th century. The first head of the monastery was Bardo , a relative of Emperor Konrad II and later Archbishop of Mainz .
With the Neuenberg monastery, the "sacred landscape", which had the Fulda monastery at its center, was completed after the Frauenberg monastery in the north, the Petersberg monastery in the east and the Johannesberg monastery in the south as subsidiary monasteries.
In 1023 the completed monastery church on the "New Mountain of St. Andrew" was consecrated by the Archbishop of Mainz Aribo . The new monastery housed around 25 monks in the first few years. In the middle of the nave there was originally a rood screen with an altar attached. This rood screen separated the cloister judgment of the church, which was reserved for the monks, from the church room that the villagers were allowed to enter. The monastery had extensive property holdings, see Propsteiamt Andreasberg .
The monastery suffered its first major destruction in 1441 due to a great conflagration that largely destroyed the monastery buildings. Reconstruction was slow. The reform zeal of the monks of St. Andrew had already died out beforehand. The Gothic Johanneskapelle on the first floor of the tower of St. Andrew's Church was built in 1480 by Provost Gerlach II. The altar niche with a view of the church choir , the stone cafeteria and the Gothic ribbed vault with a three-leaf clover as a keystone have been preserved to this day.
Peasants' War
The Easter week of 1525 brought devastating destruction when revolting farmers from Swabia and Franconia, who had advanced as far as Fulda during the Peasants' War , plundered the monastery . According to Georg Landau's description of the Electorate of Hesse in 1842, "it was probably around 10,000 men" . The devastation of the monastery was so great that the displaced monks did not return to their monastery. However, the church withstood everything.
In the 17th century the church of St. Andrew was redesigned in the Baroque style. The nave was given large windows and the Romanesque beam ceiling was replaced by a stucco vault .
The monastery church subsequently served the village as a parish church.
See also
crypt
The Ottonian crypt under the present sanctuary has remained unchanged since the monastery was founded. It is supported by four columns with Attic bases and Romanesque cube capitals . Secco paintings in the Ottonian vault of the crypt, which can be dated to the year 1025, are also of great importance for art history . They are unique in medieval wall painting. From the time of its creation, there are only comparable murals in Germany on the island of Reichenau in the St. George's Church .
In 1932, the old wall paintings of the Ottonian crypt were rediscovered during repair work and uncovered. They show a liturgical procession of 22 angels towards the altar. On the east wall in the apse there are three small Romanesque windows with the reveals depicting the Old Testament figures Abel , Abraham and Melchizedek . Since early Christian times, these have been used as models for the sacrifice of Christ on the cross and the offering of the Eucharist .
The crypt of the monastery church is still in its original state under the provost church of St. Andreas. There are only two crypts with a closed sacred space and wall paintings in Germany that have been preserved from the Ottonian period. The crypt was consecrated again on February 3, 2006 after 15 years of analysis and restoration by Bishop Heinz Josef Algermissen .
Visits are possible by arrangement with the parish office.
List of well-known provosts
- Albert von Hornsberg around 1307
- Heinrich around 1328
- Heinrich von Haselstein around 1353
- Volprecht (Volpert) around 1382, 1387
- Karl von Bibra the Younger around 1401
- Philipp Georg Schenk von Schweinsberg 1555- ?, 1567–1568 prince abbot, also provost from Michaelsberg, in Holzkirchen and from Johannesberg
- Johann Friedrich von Schwalbach 1593–1606, previously provost of Michaelsberg and overlapping provost of Blankenau, 1606 prince abbot and provost of Johannesberg
- Johann Bernhard Schenk von Schweinsberg 1618–1623, then prince abbot and provost from Johannesberg, previously provost in Blankenau and on Michaelsberg
- Johann Michael von Hohenstein (resigned 1667)
- Johann Michael von Hochstetten, Dean of Fulda, December 5, 1667 to?, Previously provost in Thulba, then provost on the Petersberg
- Adalbert von Schleifras 1683–1700, previously provost of Michaelsberg and partly overlapping from Blankenau, dean in 1683, later prince abbot of Fulda
- Benedikt von Rosenbusch 1707–1724, before that provost in Blankenau, in Thulba and on the Johannesberg
- Dean Amand von Buseck 1724–1737, 1737 prince abbot, 1752 prince-bishop
- Leopold Specht von Bubenheim 1741–1755, previously Provost von Sannerz and von Petersberg
- Karl von Fechenbach 1755–1773, before that provost on the Petersberg and on the Johannesberg
- Lothar (Lotharius) Freiherr von Breidbach zu Bürresheim March 9, 1778 to 1794, before that provost in Holzkirchen and on the Petersberg, then on the Andreasberg
- Benedikt (Benedictus) von Ostheim August 19, 1794 to at least 1798, before that provost in Thulba
Art in St. Andreas
The Church of St. Andreas is known for its modern sacred art objects , which come from the hand of the goldsmith Michael Amberg ( Würzburg ) and the Benedictine Lioba Munz , who lived in Fulda , among others . The latter was a master student with Elisabeth Treskow at the Cologne factory schools in 1958 .
These works of art include:
- The "Bardo Goblet"
- A gospel book
- A host bowl
- A ciborium
- A custodia
- A lecture cross
- Several icons by Makarius Tauc (including Boniface and the icon of Mary)
- The pastor's house chapel, which was also painted by Makarius Tauc
- A monstrance (~ 1700)
- A reliquary crown for the restored crypt
- The restored crypt
literature
- Johannes Burkardt: Fulda, Neuenberg / Andreasberg . In: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier among others: The Benedictine monastery and nunnery in Hessen (Germania Benedictina 7 Hessen), Eos, St. Ottilien 2004, pp. 465–479. ISBN 3-8306-7199-7 .