St. Peter (Petersberg)

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St. Peter (Petersberg)
St. Peter (Liobakirche)
St. Peter (Liobakirche), seen from the Rauschenberg
place Petersberg
Denomination Roman Catholic
diocese Diocese of Fulda
Patronage St. Peter
Construction year 830s
Construction type Hall church with crypt
function Parish church
Entrance of St. Peter

The Church of St. Peter is a medieval mountain church of the former Benedictine monastery in Petersberg near Fulda in East Hesse , which is consecrated to Saint Peter between 836 and 838 and belongs to the diocese of Fulda .

Since around 1020 the complex has been known as Mons sanct Petri . Its vaults are among the oldest above-ground church buildings in Germany and contain wall paintings from the period and thus also the oldest preserved wall paintings in Germany.

In the crypt which was Holy Lioba buried, so they also Liobakirche is called. Since 1995 the skull reliquary of the saint has been back in the church.

A multimedia church tour was opened on September 25, 2016. It is always accessible during the opening times of the church. 52 films between one and three minutes explain the church and its history in detail, the crypt and the life of Saint Lioba.

Geographical location

The oldest preserved wall paintings in Germany

The mountain church is located on the isolated Petersberg, a basalt knoll , in the center of the village of the same name near Fulda and is visible from afar due to its exposed location. The church offers a wide view over the Fulda basin with the river Fulda , the city of the same name, Petersberg, Künzell and other surrounding places as well as the western Rhön foreland and the Hessian Kuppenrhön .

The church on the Petersberg can be clearly seen from the high-speed route Hanover – Würzburg and the federal motorway 7 , which passes just under a kilometer away . Since 2011 there are two tourist signs pointing to the “Church of the Holy Sepulcher”. Lioba ” .

Church of St. Peter, Church of the Holy Sepulcher St. Lioba - Detail.jpg

history

A first church at this point was probably built under the abbot Baugulf von Fulda at the turn of the 8th to 9th century. The Fulda abbot Rabanus Maurus had a three-aisled basilica and a Benedictine monastery built on the Petersberg near the Fulda monastery in the 830s . For the consecration of the church, which took place on September 28, 836, 837 or 838, Rabanus Maurus had the remains of Saint Lioba transferred from the Fulda collegiate church to the crypt of St.

After the destruction of the buildings on the Petersberg by an attack by Hungary in 915, the Fulda abbot Haicho had the burned-out buildings restored. Further damage took place in 1327/1331, in the Peasant Wars of the 16th century and in the Thirty Years' War . The bones of Saint Lioba were brought back to the collegiate church in Fulda at an unknown time. The remaining empty stone sarcophagus of the saint became a site in itself from which miraculous healings were expected. There is also a baroque mural in the crypt of St. Peter's Church that shows the corresponding ceremony: Mothers put the clothes of their sick children in the empty sarcophagus in order to obtain the intercession of the saints and healing for them, and for a brief moment also the Children themselves. The children screamed in shock when they were laid in the cold, dark sarcophagus. This is why it was popularly known as the “Schreistein”. In 1915 the pastor at the time banned this practice.

In 1298 a parish of its own was established in Petersberg from the cession of the large parish of Margretenhaun ; the monastery church now also served as a parish church . The property of the church formed the Propsteiamt Petersberg .

In the course of secularization , the monastery was dissolved in 1802. Only the orangery remained of the old monastery buildings . The parish continued to exist, but got a new main church in 1957 with the Rabanus-Maurus Church, but St. Peter is still the parish church . In September 2007, on the 1225th anniversary of the death of St. Lioba, the Cella St. Lioba was established as a new settlement for the Benedictine nuns of St. Lioba , which is housed in a modern monastery on the remains of the orangery. In 1995 the skull relic of Saint Lioba was returned to the crypt of St. Peter's Church. The reliquary and the lid of the stone sarcophagus from 836 are works by the Fulda Benedictine nun Lioba Munz .

Building stock

The organ in St. Peter
Interior, view of the altar
The baroque main altar
South wall of the nave

The three-part choir , the crossing and the likewise three-part crypt have a large part of rising masonry from the Carolingian era . In the crypt there are three apses , each with an altar . Behind the middle altar is the now empty sarcophagus of St. Lioba. The choir tower and the western bell tower are Romanesque . The originally three-aisled , Romanesque nave was replaced in 1479 by a single-nave, late Gothic hall . The roof landscape of the church consists of six independent roofs. The oldest, those of the church hall and the sacristy and side choir, date from 1478/80.

The interior of the church was "modernized" in the baroque period , which was partially taken back in later restoration phases. Restorations took place in 1889, 1907, 1930, 1954, 1974 and most recently from 2002 to 2007. Eight Romanesque stone reliefs from the second half of the 12th century should be emphasized among the furnishings.

In the church there is also the grave and grave slab of the Fulda chronicler Apollo von Vilbel († 1536). He was provost and also abbot of the Limburg monastery in the Palatinate .

List of well-known provosts

  • Gottfried von Steckelberg , around 1299 to at least 1328
  • Dietrich von Bimbach ( Fuchs House ), around 1353
  • Giso (Gyse) von Haun (Hune), around 1387–1401
  • Johann von Buchenau, around 1443–1449
  • Johann Nasse von Linsingen, around 1471
  • Wilkin von Küchenmeister, 1475–1488
  • Philipp von Herda, around 1492
  • Apollo von Vilbel , around 1515–1522
  • Philipp Schenck zu Schweinsberg, 1536–1550, became prince abbot in 1541 and kept the provost, including provost von Rasdorf, Johannesberg and Frauenberg
  • Wolfgang Dietrich von Eusigheim, 1550–1558, at the same time prince abbot, at the same time provost of Johannesberg, Frauenberg, previously provost of Holzkirchen, also of Thulba
  • Wolfgang Schutzbar called Milchling, 1558-1567, prince abbot and provost at the same time on the Johannesberg and on the Frauenberg
  • Balthasar von Dernbach, around 1585
  • Johann Friedrich von Schwalbach, around 1608, previously provost on the Michaelsberg, on the Andreasberg, in Blankenau, 1606 prince abbot
  • Petrus von der Feltz (rock), 1613 to at least 1624
  • Johann Adolf von Hoheneck, July 25, 1625 to 1635, 1633–1635 prince abbot and at the same time provost of Johannesberg
  • Joachim von Gravenegg, 1635–1638 (resigned 1638), then provost of Holzkirchen, also provost of Michaelsberg
  • Matthias Benedikt von Rindtorff, August 14, 1638 to?
  • Johann Michael von Hochstetten, October 30, 1643 to?
  • Ämilian von Dalwig
  • Gallus von Ostein, May 19, 1660 to?
  • Johann Michael von Hochstetten, until 1669 (renounced)
  • Odo von Riedheim, October 6, 1669 - 1690
  • Philipp von Spiegel zu habenberg, March 20, 1691 to 1720
  • Placidus von Bastheim, January 8, 1721 - 1736
  • Leopold Specht von Bubenheim, 1736–1738, before that in Sannerz, then provost von Neuenberg
  • Bonifatius von Hutten, 23 May 1738 to 1739, before that in Holzkirchen and Thulba
  • Karl von Fechenbach, 1739–1753, then Johannesberg, and then Andreasberg
  • Anton (Antonius) von Hagenbach, October 22, 1753 to 1758, before and overlapping provost in Zella, then Johannesberg
  • Konstantin (Constantinus) Schütz von Holzhausen , 1758-1775, before that in Blankenau
  • Lothar (Lotharius) von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, September 30, 1775 to 1778, before that in Holzkirchen, then in Andreasberg
  • Adolf (Adolphus) Freiherr von Hövel, March 20, 1778 until at least 1788
  • Sigismund (Sigismundus) von Bibra, August 18, 1794 to 1802, last provost

literature

  • Georg Dehio / Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf u. a .: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hessen I = Gießen and Kassel administrative districts . Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , pp. 741ff.
  • Shirin Fozi: rulers and saints on the Romanesque relief in the Liobakirche . . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 393-404.
  • Christine Kenner: The Petersberg Church between continuity and change . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 10–34.
  • Christine Kenner: The pre-Romanesque components of the church - state of research and questions . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 127-146.
  • Christine Kenner: The pre-Romanesque wall paintings of the church . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 283-392.
  • Werner Kathrein: Mons Sancti Petri . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 35–44.
  • Margit Krenn: Building description and equipment - chronological table of the building and restoration history based on historical sources . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 45-50.
  • Uwe Lobbedey: The church on the Petersberg - architectural-historical classification of the pre- and early Romanesque components . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 263–282.
  • Martin Matl: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg in the 19th and 20th centuries. About the change in the heritage conservation practice at the grave of St. Lioba . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 51-65.
  • Burghard Preusler: The Liobakirche on Petersberg - from the times and their progress . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 89-93.
  • Manuel Raisch: Lioba, the missionary at Boniface's side. The need for women in missionary work . Nuremberg 2013. ISBN 978-3-941750-80-7
  • Stefan Schopf: Results and summary of the building history and restoration investigations from the years 2003–2007 . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 151–228.
  • Peter Sichau, Hans Michael Hangleiter: The repair work on the Church of St. Peter in the years 2002-07 . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 67-88.
  • Harald Weiß: The excavation at the crypt foundation of St. Peter in Petersberg . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 145–150.
  • Susanne Zwicker: The roof works - who gets lost in the roof? . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 229-237.

Web links

Commons : St. Peter  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Timber from the years 834/835 could be dendrochronologically determined. See Kenner: The pre-Romanesque wall paintings .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba , p. 76.
  2. ↑ a b c Dehio, p. 741.
  3. ↑ Kenner: The pre-Romanesque wall paintings , p. 371.
  4. ↑ a b Manuel Raisch: Lioba , p. 78.
  5. ↑ Signs for "Church of the Holy Sepulcher" on the A7 - sisters at a lofty height. Retrieved March 11, 2011 .
  6. ↑ Susanna Bullido del Barrio: "Iuxta decreta". Reflections on Hrabanus Maurus and his martyrology. In: Marc-Aeilko Aris, Susanna Bullido del Barrio (ed.): Hrabanus Maurus in Fulda. With a Hrabanus Maurus bibliography (1979–2009) = Fuldaer Studien 13. Frankfurt am Main 2010. ISBN 978-3-7820-0919-5 , pp. 189–218 (p. 194, note 21).
  7. ↑ Leinweber: St. Lioba , p. 26f.
  8. ↑ Christine Kenner: The Petersberg Church between continuity and change . In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda. Monument preservation and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 10–34 (15).
  9. ↑ Jürgen Sauerbier: I want to build my church on this rock - St. Peter. In: Susanne Bohl and others (ed.): Fulda. 50 treasures and specialties . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7319-0425-0 , pp. 42–46, here p. 46.
  10. ↑ a b St. Peter - The Church of the Holy Sepulcher of St. Lioba. Catholic Church Congregation St. Peter Petersberg, accessed on March 21, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Cella St. Lioba - Petersberg / Fulda , homepage.
  12. ↑ Kenner: The pre-Romanesque components ; Schopf: results ; White: The excavation .
  13. ^ Dehio, p. 743.
  14. ^ Zwicker: Die Dachwerke , p. 234.
  15. ^ Dehio, p. 742.
  16. ↑ Sichau u. Slope ladder: The repair measures .
  17. ↑ Fozi: rulers and saints .
  18. ^ Website of the grave slab of Apollo von Vilbel
  19. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, holdings of documents 77, No. 1147

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 41.5 "  N , 9 ° 42 ′ 41.2"  E