Lioba from Tauberbischofsheim

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Fountain monument in Schornsheim

Lioba von Tauberbischofsheim , in the older literature Lioba von Bischofsheim (* around 700/710 in Wessex , England; †  September 28, 782 in Schornsheim ), was a missionary and Benedictine . She is venerated as a virgin and saint in the Catholic Church .

swell

The sources on the life of St. Lioba are not particularly extensive. The main source is the saints' vitae of Rudolf von Fulda , the Vita Liobae abatissa Biscofesheimnenis . This was created 50 years after her death. There are also copies of a letter from Lioba to St. Boniface , two letters from St. Boniface to them and one of the Bishop of Mainz , Lul , to them. In addition, Lioba is mentioned in the document with which Charlemagne gave her the estate and the church in Schornsheim.

Life

origin

Lioba's father, Dynne (also: Dimo, Tinne) (* around 665; † around 725) was an Anglo-Saxon nobleman , the mother's name was Aebbe (also: Ebba) (* around 665; † after 730) and was with St. Related to Boniface. The parents belonged to the second generation after the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms . The parents remained childless for a long time; Lioba was their only child.

Aebbe was already relatively old when her desire to have children came true. Before that, in a dream she saw a church bell ringing in her body and pulled it out while it was still ringing. Aebbe's wet nurse interpreted this as a sign of the birth of Lioba. That is why Saint Lioba is often represented in Christian iconography with a bell as an attribute . However, the condition for the birth is that Lioba must be promised to God. Rudolf von Fulda explicitly refers in the Vita Leobae to the similar situation at the birth of the prophet Samuel . The girl's baptismal name was Truthgeb . Leobgyth (a) (Latin Lioba ), "the beloved", was initially a nickname , but was then used as a nickname - also by Lioba himself.

education

Lioba was given to the Benedictine Abbey of Wimborne (today: Dorset County ) by her parents when she was about seven years old . On this occasion, her mother's wet nurse, who had predicted the birth of Lioba, was given freedom. Lioba underwent training in the monastery Seven Liberal Arts and earned it a comprehensive literary and theological education, and the canon law with included. She then lived as a nun and teacher in monasteries in Wessex and Kent , including in Minster-in-Thanet . These monasteries supported the missionary work of St. Boniface in the Frankish Empire .

mission

Around 732/735 Boniface asked the abbess of Wimborne Monastery, Tetta, Lioba as a missionary. In 735, Lioba followed the archbishop's call to Germany and Bonifatius gave her the newly founded Benedictine monastery in Bischofsheim (today: Tauberbischofsheim ), which she ran from then on as abbess. She taught young, local girls of the upper class in the monastery and thus adopted the model known from the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Under Lioba's energetic direction, the Tauberbischofsheim monastery flourished quickly and developed into an important educational and cultural center for the lower Main valley . A number of her students became teachers in turn and thus passed on their knowledge. As a result, smaller subsidiaries were founded in the area, over which Lioba kept the supervision.

Noteworthy are her great openness to the education of women and the promotion of their active work in missions, as she knew from England. This differed significantly from the much more androcentric Roman model that was to prevail in the subsequent period.

Advisor

Lioba was well known to the leading elite of the Frankish Empire. She was friends with one of the wives of Charlemagne, Queen Hildegard , and Charlemagne provided her with a retirement home in Schornsheim. She was highly regarded as an advisor to secular and church leaders.

The legacy of Boniface

Before Bonifatius set out on his last trip to Friesland in 754 , during which he suffered martyrdom, he gathered his employees around him and arranged his successor: Sturmius had previously been appointed abbot of the Fulda monastery. Lul was to become archbishop of Mainz and Lioba was entrusted with the continuation of the missionary work. Bonifatius dressed Lioba with his own Kukulle and determined that after her death she should be buried in his grave in the monastery of Fulda. He entrusted them to the protection of Bishop Lul and that of the monks of the Fulda monastery. As a result, St. Lioba was later allowed to be the only woman to enter the enclosure of this monastery unaccompanied in order to visit the grave of St. Boniface.

After the death of St. Boniface there was a heated argument between Archbishop Lul and Abbot Sturmius over the question of whether the monastery was subordinate to the local bishop or was exempt . In this dispute the bishop prevailed. The sources do not reveal where Lioba stood in this dispute. Two facts are noteworthy in this context: On the one hand, Lioba did not spend her old age in one of the monasteries she directed, but in the donated retirement home in Schornsheim, 25 km southwest of Mainz. It is difficult to say today whether it should be phased out politically.

death

Lioba died - probably on September 28, 782 - on her estate in Schornsheim. Shortly before, she is said to have said goodbye to Queen Hildegard on a visit to Aachen, announcing that they would not see each other again in this life.

Her body was transferred - presumably between Mainz and Fulda on the same route as the body of St. Boniface 26 years earlier - to the Fulda Monastery, where it was first buried in the east choir of the St. Salvator Collegiate Church, built by Abbot Sturmi , north of the main altar . The wish of St. Boniface, that she was placed in his grave, was disregarded. Rudolf von Fulda justified this with the fact that for reasons of veneration of the saint one would not have dared to open his grave.

Adoration

Relics

Model of the Ratgar Basilica

After the construction of the so-called Ratgar Basilica on the site of the founding building, Lioba's grave was in the way of the subsequent installation of the east crypt initiated by Abbot Eigil of Fulda in 818 and had to be relocated. In the year 819 was carried out with the express permission of the competent Archbishop Haistulf of Mainz the Translatio of the relics in the southern aisle , next to a memorial plaque for the hl. Ignatius of Antioch . During this time, Lioba was already venerated as a saint.

Since Lioba was buried in the enclosure of the Fulda monks, women were not given access to her grave under normal circumstances. Since her students and followers came from the Franconian upper class, the pressure on the Fulda monastery to find a solution here must have been great. The solution was to transfer the relics under the Fulda abbot Hrabanus Maurus between 836 and 838 to the church of St. Peter on the Petersberg , which he built.

St. Peter on the Petersberg near Fulda with the Cella St. Lioba in front of the former monastery wall (left)

No side altar was erected there, but the relics were deposited in a stone sarcophagus in the crypt. In the crypt there were also a large number of relics of virgin martyrs .

At an unknown point in time, the relics were returned to the main church of the Fulda monastery. The sarcophagus remained on the Petersberg and became a place in itself from which miraculous healings were expected. There is also a baroque mural in the crypt of St. Peter's Church that shows the transfer of the relics: mothers placed their sick children in the empty sarcophagus in order to ask for the intercession of the saints. That is why the sarcophagus was popularly known as the “screech stone”. In 1655 the Franciscans, who founded a new monastery in Tauberbischofsheim, received the relic of a shoulder blade of the saint. The skull relic of Saint Lioba has been in the church on Petersberg again since 1995.

wonder

Rudolf von Fulda reports a series of events about the life of St. Lioba:

  • One night she had the dream that a thread of red wool came out of her mouth. It got so long that she could hardly roll it up in a ball. An elderly nun interpreted this dream as a sign of the great love for God that Lioba should pass on.
  • Lioba saved the monastery’s reputation after residents of Tauberbischofsheim found the body of a newborn in the stream that ran through the monastery.
  • Lioba saved the monastery and part of Tauberbischofsheim in a major fire caused by salt consecrated by Boniface.
  • Lioba stilled a thunderstorm
  • Lioba healed a terminally ill nun

Rudolf von Fulda also reports on events about miracles that happened at the intercession of the saints:

  • An iron ring encircling a man's arm came loose as he prayed at the tomb of St. Lioba.
  • A Spaniard who had a nervous disorder was healed while praying at the tomb of St. Lioba. This story can be dated to shortly before 836
Lioba altar in the town church of St. Martin in Tauberbischofsheim
St. Lioba - at the temple in Frankfurt-Nieder-Eschbach
St. Lioba in Leingarten

The Lioba was designated the city ​​patroness of Tauberbischofsheim with a ceremony in the town hall during the city anniversary in 2005. There is a city holiday that is always celebrated on the last Saturday in September, “because the intercession of St. Lioba saved the city at the end of the Second World War [...] while the nearby Königshofen was almost completely destroyed. "

The Benedictine Sisters of St. Lioba are a congregation of Benedictine Sisters founded in 1927 . In September 2007, on the 1225th anniversary of the death of St. Lioba, a new settlement for the Benedictine nuns of St. Lioba was founded on the Petersberg. Lioba is also co-patroness of the Missionary Benedictine Secular Institute of St. Boniface .

The day of remembrance of the saints in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Protestant name calendar is September 28, the day of her death and the day of the translation of relics to St. Peter. Every year in honor of St. Lioba held the Liobawoche in Petersberg . The highlights of this festival week are a procession with the relics of the saints and a procession of lights .

iconography

In iconography, St. Lioba is usually shown in the habit of the Benedictine women. As an attribute, she wears a bell or a gospel book (as a symbol of missionary activity), as well as the crook as a sign of her dignity as abbess, sometimes with a ball of red wool or a thread of wool. Sometimes St. Lioba also shown calming the storm.

See also

literature

swell

Secondary literature

Web links

Commons : Lioba von Tauberbischofsheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cf. Th.Nelk ( pseudonym of Aloys Adalbert Waibel): Der Faden, or The holy Lioba von Bischofsheim. Retold to good Christians for encouragement. Verlag Bolling, Augsburg 1829 (digitized version)
  2. ↑ Until the 19th century the name of the city was "Bischofsheim". In order to better distinguish between the towns of Bischofsheim am Neckar and Bischofsheim am Hohe Steg, however, the current name "Tauberbischofsheim" finally became established around 1850.
  3. ↑ Rudolf von Fulda mentions in Vita Leobae , chap. 1 (prologue), namely the nuns Agatha, Thecla, Nana and Eolibe.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 65; Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 22, assumes September 23 as the day of her death and considers September 28 to be the day of her burial in Fulda.
  2. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Digitized from the Bavarian State Library in Munich. Signature: Clm 11321, 101r-120r .
  3. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 112ff; Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 13f
  4. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 115ff
  5. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 114
  6. ↑ Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Karolinorum 1. Hannover 1906, No. 144 (p. 195f)
  7. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 6.
  8. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 51
  9. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 6
  10. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 51
  11. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 51.
  12. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 6.
  13. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 6th
  14. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 6th
  15. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 6, 20
  16. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 51
  17. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 54.
  18. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 6th
  19. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 11
  20. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 52
  21. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 8
  22. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 55.
  23. ↑ a b c Deutsche-Biographie.de: Lioba, holy, abbess of Tauberbischofsheim . Online at www.deutsche-biographie.de. Retrieved April 28, 2016
  24. ↑ Archdiocese of Freiburg: History of the Archdiocese of Freiburg in the Early and High Middle Ages ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.erzbistum-freiburg.de. Retrieved April 28, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.erzbistum-freiburg.de
  25. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 11
  26. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 57ff
  27. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. Pp. 82ff, 101.
  28. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 18th
  29. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 11
  30. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 17th
  31. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 19th
  32. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 64
  33. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 64f
  34. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 20th
  35. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 22.
  36. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 22; Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 66
  37. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae , chap. 21st
  38. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 22
  39. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 66
  40. ↑ Gereon Becht-Jördens: The Vita Aegil of Brun Candidus as a source for questions from the history of Fulda in the age of the Anian reform. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. 42, 1992, pp. 37f
  41. ↑ See: Bullido del Barrio: Iuxta decreta. Pp. 192–199, note 21, p. 194
  42. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 77
  43. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 26f
  44. ↑ Christine Kenner: The Petersberg Church between continuity and change. In: The Church of St. Peter in Petersberg near Fulda - preservation of monuments and research. Darmstadt 2014. ISBN 978-3-8062-2609-6 , pp. 10–34 (15)
  45. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 123
  46. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 78
  47. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 8th
  48. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 12
  49. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 13
  50. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 14th
  51. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 15th
  52. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 22nd
  53. ^ Rudolf von Fulda: Vita Leobae. Cape. 23
  54. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 78, note 568
  55. ^ NN: Lioba von Tauberbischofsheim. In: Kirchenbote - newspaper for the Diocese of Osnabrück v. September 7, 2012.
  56. ↑ Main Post: Lioba becomes secular patron . June 17, 2005. Online at www.mainpost.de. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  57. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 79, note 582
  58. ^ Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 25
  59. ↑ Homepage
  60. ↑ Cella St. Lioba - Petersberg / Fulda , homepage.
  61. ↑ Manuel Raisch: Lioba. P. 76, note 544; Linen weaver: St. Lioba. P. 7
personal data
SURNAME Lioba from Tauberbischofsheim
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lioba; Leoba; Leobgith; Truthgeb (Taufnahme)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Missionary and abbess, saint
DATE OF BIRTH at 705
PLACE OF BIRTH Wessex, England
DATE OF DEATH at 782
Place of death Schornsheim