Frankfurt-Nieder-Eschbach
  45th district of Frankfurt am Main |
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 11 '55 " N , 8 ° 40' 14" E |
| surface | 6.348 km² |
| Residents | 11,518 (Dec 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 1814 inhabitants / km² |
| Post Code | 60437 |
| prefix | 069 |
| Website | www.frankfurt.de |
| structure | |
| District | 15 - Nieder-Eschbach |
| Townships |
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| politics | |
| Mayor | Ernst Peter Müller (CDU) |
| Transport links | |
| Highway |
 
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| Subway | U2 U9 |
| bus | 27 29 n4 |
| Source: Statistics currently 03/2020. Residents with main residence in Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved April 8, 2020 . | |
Nieder-Eschbach has been a northern district of Frankfurt am Main since August 1, 1972 .
The population is 11,518.
Geographical location
Nieder-Eschbach is about 8.3 km north of the main guard . Nieder-Eschbach borders in the north on the Bad Homburg districts of Ober-Eschbach and Ober-Erlenbach , in the south on Bonames , in the west on Kalbach-Riedberg and in the east on Nieder-Erlenbach .
The historic village forms a closed settlement west of the Eschbach , which flows into the Nidda near Harheim . After the Second World War, the area west of the town center between Taunusbahn and Homburger Landstrasse was built on. All around the settlement area, there are large agricultural areas on which vegetables in particular are grown.
In the south-western part of the district east of the A 661 there is a large industrial area. The Ben-Gurion-Ring settlement , built in 1976–1977, is located in the far south of the district, partly on Bonamese territory. The border with Bonames was a state border from the Middle Ages until 1945, initially between Hanau and Frankfurt, and from the 19th century between Prussia and Hesse.
history
prehistory
Stone Age finds suggest that the Eschbach area was settled at least from around 6000 BC. Close. A Roman settlement is proven between the years 85 and 265 AD, a Roman manor was northwest of the federal highway 5 on the edge of the district of Nieder-Eschbach.
middle Ages
The oldest surviving documentary mention of Eschbach comes from June 1st, 772 and is recorded in the Lorsch Codex . In the years 772 to 821 the politico-geographical allocation was given as “in pago Nitachgovve” ( Niddagau ), in 1048 “in pago Wedereibo” ( Wetterau ). As Ober-Eschbach was mentioned in 1219, it is known that a distinction was made between the two districts even then. Nieder-Eschbach itself was first mentioned in a document in 1288. In the 13th century, the "villa Eschbach" (probably meant Nieder-Eschbach) belonged to the Mainz ore monastery . In 1378 services and rights in Nieder-Eschbach belonged to the Falkensteiner Burg Königstein . In 1433 Nieder-Eschbach fell to Eberhard von Eppstein -Königstein. The Teutonic Order , the Mainz Cathedral Chapter and the Glauburg family owned in Nieder-Eschbach .
In 1313 a parish was named. In 1364 the Archbishop of Mainz exercised the right of patronage over the pastor's office, which was temporarily assigned to that of Glimmental . After 1465 it was again owned by the Archbishops of Mainz. The central church authority was the Archdiaconate of the Provost of St. Peter in Mainz . The church belonged to the deanery Eschborn .
Historical forms of names
- Aschebach
- Aschenbach
- Ascobach (772-855)
- Askebach (1048)
- inferior Eschebach (1250/60)
- Eschbach (1248/49)
- Aschebach (1278)
- Eschebach inferior (1288)
Early modern age
After the Lords of Eppstein died out, Nieder-Eschbach passed to the Counts of Stolberg in 1535 . A year later the whole place became Lutheran . In 1578 Nieder-Eschbach was pledged by the Counts of Stolberg along with three other villages to Count Philipp Ludwig I of Hanau-Münzenberg and finally sold to Hanau in 1595. Count Philipp Ludwig II, who ruled the County of Hanau-Münzenberg at that time, was strictly reformed and tried to enforce the Reformed denomination in his entire county according to the principle of “ Cuius regio, eius religio ” . That largely succeeded. However, Lutheran congregations remained in a number of villages - including Nieder-Eschbach.
The county of Hanau-Münzenberg - and thus Nieder-Eschbach - fell after the death of the last Count of Hanau , Johann Reinhard III. in 1736 on the basis of an inheritance contract with the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel .
Modern times
From 1806 to 1810 Nieder-Eschbach was under French occupation, belonged to the Principality of Hanau and was then added to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , where it remained after the Congress of Vienna . Here it belonged to the following administrative units:
- from 1820: Office Vilbel ( Province of Upper Hesse ),
- from 1821: Vilbel District District ,
- from 1832: Friedberg district ,
- from 1848: Friedberg district ,
- from 1852: Vilbel district ,
- from 1874: Friedberg district.
On August 1, 1972 Nieder-Eschbach was incorporated into Frankfurt after a merger with five neighboring communities to form the Eschbachtal community had failed. An uninhabited exclave in the Taunus not far from the Großer Feldberg , which had belonged to Nieder-Eschbach since the division of the Hohe Mark , fell to the city of Bad Homburg.
Population development
- 1587: 350 inhabitants
- 1834: 627 inhabitants
- 1840: 626 inhabitants
- 1846: 650 inhabitants
- 1852: 707 inhabitants
- 1858: 706 inhabitants
- 1864: 590 inhabitants
- 1871: 608 inhabitants
- 1875: 626 inhabitants
- 1885: 661 inhabitants
- 1895: 684 inhabitants
- 1905: 775 inhabitants
- 1910: 819 inhabitants
- 1925: 1,022 inhabitants
- 1939: 1,376 inhabitants
- 1946: 1,963 inhabitants
- 1950: 2,117 inhabitants
- 1956: 2,556 inhabitants
- 1961: 3,123 inhabitants
- 1970: 6,435 inhabitants
- 2013: 11,337 inhabitants
- 2014: 11,388 inhabitants
politics
The 19 seats of the local council are distributed as follows after the local elections in 2016
- CDU : 10 seats
- Alliance 90 / The Greens : 4 seats
- SPD : 4 seats
- Free voters : 1 seats
- FDP : 1 seat
- Citizens for Frankfurt (BFF): 2 seats
Nieder-Eschbach is the only district of Frankfurt am Main to have had its own town twinning with Deuil-la-Barre in France since 1967 .
religion
Protestant church
The Protestant parish church Nieder-Eschbach was built from 1617 to 1618 according to a design by the church builder Konrad Rossbach . Remnants of a late Gothic predecessor building were used during construction : the baroque hall church was located behind a medieval tower. 1765–1766 the interior was redesigned by Christian Ludwig Hermann from Hanau . The Evangelical Church Congregation Amügel, founded in 1983 for the Ben-Gurion-Ring settlement, is now part of the Miriamgemeinde in Bonames, which runs the KINZ church neighborhood center on Ben-Gurion-Ring.
Roman Catholic Church
The districts of Harheim, Nieder-Eschbach and Nieder-Erlenbach , which were incorporated in 1972, belong to the Roman Catholic diocese of Mainz under canon law , which covers the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Hesse. The largest part of Nieder-Eschbach belongs to the parish of St. Stephanus , whose church was built in 1967 west of the subway directly on Deuil-La-Barre-Straße. The rectory and the community center are attached to the church. The community also maintains a day care center in Nieder-Eschbach.
The parish of St. Lioba is located on the Ben-Gurion-Ring, already in the Bonames district and therefore part of the Limburg diocese - on the temple. The brick church dates from the 1970s. Since 2016 the parish has belonged to the St. Catherine of Siena Parish , which unites 7 former parishes with 13,600 Catholics from the districts of Bonames, Kalbach-Riedberg, Niederursel and Heddernheim .
Islam
Since August 2000, the German headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat , called Bait us-Sabuh , has been located in Nieder-Eschbach on Ben-Gurion-Ring .
economy
On the Eschbach, on the historic outskirts, there were two mills. One of them was called the lower mill.
Nieder-Eschbach, with its industrial park, has become an economically important district in the north of Frankfurt in recent years and has also grown in importance nationwide. The industrial area was originally built between the center of Nieder-Eschbach and the settlement on the temple. This area around Berner, Genfer and Züricher Strasse was dominated by companies in the service sector until the 2000s. The software manufacturer Sage and Saab Automobile were based there, as well as Hissin Medizintechnik GmbH to this day.
Since 2003, the Nieder-Eschbach industrial park has been expanded to the west along Züricher Straße. In 2004 it was given its own junction with the 661 federal motorway . The location right next to the Bad Homburg Cross . If the space was once primarily intended for commercial businesses in Frankfurt, these were then sold to retail chain stores. The third IKEA store in the Frankfurt region (and the first in the city) was built on a plot of land originally intended for the new Frankfurt slaughterhouse in March 2007 . The plans to move the Henninger brewery from Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen to Nieder-Eschbach, however, failed because there was not enough space left and the Frankfurt green belt should have been used.
Opposite the autobahn - connected by an underpass - there is the Am Martinszehnten industrial park in the Kalbach district , in which the fresh produce center has replaced the former wholesale market since 2004 . These two industrial parks together form a unit. The urban development project was completed in 2012. Over 2,500 jobs were created on the 87 hectare industrial park.
traffic
Street
Nieder-Eschbach lies east of the Bad Homburg cross at a right angle between the federal highways 5 and 661 and is bounded by them. In addition to the motorways, the Homburger Landstrasse is one of the busiest streets in the district. It begins in the north on the border with Ober-Eschbach at the height of an underpass of the A 5 and continues through Bonames towards Friedberger Warte . With a total length of 8.8 kilometers, it is the longest street in Frankfurt. The main street of the district is Deuil-la-Barre-Straße , named after the twin town , which branches off from Homburger Landstraße to the east.
Rail and public transport
Nieder-Eschbach is connected to the network of the Frankfurt subway with a tram station west of the town center . In addition to the U2 light rail line, the U9 terminus is there. From there, bus routes 27 and 29 connect Nieder-Eschbach with the neighboring districts of Bonames and Nieder-Erlenbach. Line 29 also opens up the industrial park and the settlement on the temple.
education
A school in Nieder-Eschbach was first mentioned in 1596. Their building burned down in 1870 and was rebuilt the following year. In Nieder-Eschbach today there are:
- a primary school, the Michael Grzimek School, which was inaugurated on February 22, 1953 and greatly expanded in 2007/2008 and
- a cooperative comprehensive school, the Otto Hahn School , which began teaching on September 1, 1969. With over 1,300 students, it is one of the largest schools in Frankfurt and one of two that all offer general education careers
Sights and cultural monuments
→ Main article: List of cultural monuments in Frankfurt-Nieder-Eschbach
- In the source ditches of the so-called honey meadows southeast of the town center there are animal species such as water shrew and common frog . Access to the meadows is the only remaining ford in Frankfurt.
- In the Pentecostal Forest, also to the south-east, there is an enclosed water point, the Waldsprudel . There was an artesian fountain here , which at the beginning of the 20th century still had a bubbling fountain under high pressure. Not far from this place, which is now a resting place, remains of an open-cast brown coal mine from the 18th and 19th centuries can be seen.
Ben Gurion ring
The Ben-Gurion-Ring housing estate is a housing estate from the 1970s made up of around 80 residential buildings, including high-rise residential buildings for social housing . Around 6000 people live in 1350 apartments. The settlement is a social hotspot in Frankfurt. The settlement is named after the first Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion and is located on a hill above the Nidda; therefore it is sometimes nicknamed the " Golan Heights ". There are numerous commercial properties between the residential buildings. The largest is the technical center of SEB AG in a striking pale blue color. The Ben-Gurion-Ring runs as a ring road through the whole settlement. It surrounds a park with a pond, the iron lake, as the center. The southern part of the settlement is already in Frankfurt-Bonames.
The name of the old field name Amügel is often used for the entire settlement. He is also the namesake for a number of social institutions such as a daycare center, the Protestant neighborhood center and the Roman Catholic parish of St. Lioba, Frankfurt-Amügel . Their church southwest of the pond is the second center of the park. There is also a student residence at Ben-Gurion-Ring .
The settlement on Ben-Gurion-Ring gained national notoriety in April 2014 after a shootout at Iron Lake, in which two people were injured and another person was killed.
literature
- Adolf Bach: The settlement names of the Taunus area in their meaning for the settlement history = Rheinische Siedlungsgeschichte 1. 1927, p. 43.
- Folkhard Cremer: "Dehio" Hessen II - Darmstadt administrative district . Berlin 2008, p. 309.
- HO Keunecke: Die Münzenberger = sources and research on Hessian history 35. 1978, p. 284.
- Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area = writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 (1937). ND 1984, p. 71.
- Anette Löffler: The Lords and Counts of Falkenstein (Taunus): Studies on territorial and property history, on imperial political position and on the genealogy of a leading ministerial family; 1255-1418. Vol. 1. Darmstadt 1994 = sources and research on Hessian history 99. ISBN 3-88443-188-9 , pp. 268, 374.
- Jean H. Rothammel: Nieder-Eschbach. History and stories . 1991.
- Hans Georg Ruppel (edit.): Historical place directory for the area of the former Grand Duchy and People's State of Hesse. With evidence of district and court affiliation from 1820 up to the changes in the course of the municipal territorial reform (= Darmstädter Archivschriften. Vol. 2, ZDB -ID 194415-0 ). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Hessen, Darmstadt 1976, p. 153.
- Regina Schäfer: The Lords of Eppstein = Publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau , Wiesbaden 2000, pp. 414, 420-422, 425.
- Heinz Schomann u. a .: Monument topography city of Frankfurt am Main . Braunschweig 1986, pp. 640-643.
- Otto Stamm: The rule of Königstein. Your constitution and history. 1952, p. 53.
- Ernst J. Zimmermann : Hanau, city and country. Cultural history and chronicle of a Franconian-Wetterauischen city and former. County. With special consideration of the older time. Increased edition, self-published, Hanau 1919 (Unchanged reprint. Peters, Hanau 1978, ISBN 3-87627-243-2 ).
Web links
- My district - my home on YouTube
- www.nieder-eschbach.net
- "Nieder-Eschbach, City of Frankfurt am Main". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature on Frankfurt-Nieder-Eschbach in the Hessian Bibliography
- Nieder-Eschbach industrial park on Emporis
Individual evidence
- ^ The oldest village - first farmers in: FAZ of April 12, 2012, p. 36
- ↑ Chronicle v. Nieder- Eschbach on www.nieder-eschbach.net
- ↑ Zimmermann, pp. 767, 772.
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Büdingen and Friedberg of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 230 , § 15 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
- ↑ a b Local council election on March 6, 2016 in Frankfurt am Main , accessed on Feb. 21, 2020
- ↑ Frankfurter Wahlanalysen No. 54 - Local Advisory Council elections on March 27, 2011 in Frankfurt am Main , accessed on Feb. 21, 2020
- ↑ Homepage of the Evangelical Church Community Nieder-Eschbach .
- ↑ St. Stephanus on the homepage of the diocese of Mainz
- ↑ St. Stephanus Catholic day care center for children
- ↑ St. Lioba website of the Catholic Parish of St. Catherine of Siena.
- ^ Website of the Catholic Parish of St. Catherine of Siena
- ↑ On Martins tenth. City Planning Office Frankfurt am Main, accessed on January 23, 2018 .
- ↑ The Iron Lake at frankfurt.de, accessed on Feb. 22, 2020
- ↑ Stadtvermessungsamt Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Portal GeoInfo Frankfurt , city map
- ↑ Frankfurter Neue Presse: Shooting at Ben-Gurion-Ring: One dead after shots in the park | Frankfurter Neue Presse . ( fnp.de [accessed on August 17, 2018]).
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