Hanau

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Hanau
Hanau
Map of Germany, position of the city of Hanau highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '  N , 8 ° 55'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
County : Main-Kinzig district
Height : 104 m above sea level NHN
Area : 76.49 km 2
Residents: 96,492 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1261 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 63450, 63452, 63454, 63456, 63457
Area code : 06181
License plate : HU
Community key : 06 4 35 014
LOCODE : DE HAU
City structure: 10 districts

City administration address : 		Am Markt 14-18
63450 Hanau
Website : www.hanau.de
Lord Mayor : Claus Kaminsky ( SPD )
Location of the city of Hanau in the Main-Kinzig district
Niederdorfelden Schöneck (Hessen) Nidderau Maintal Hanau Großkrotzenburg Rodenbach (bei Hanau) Erlensee Bruchköbel Hammersbach Neuberg (Hessen) Ronneburg (Hessen) Langenselbold Hasselroth Freigericht (Hessen) Gründau Gelnhausen Linsengericht (Hessen) Biebergemünd Flörsbachtal Jossgrund Bad Orb Wächtersbach Brachttal Schlüchtern Birstein Sinntal Bad Soden-Salmünster Gutsbezirk Spessart Steinau an der Straße Steinau an der Straße Bad Soden-Salmünster Bad Soden-Salmünster Gutsbezirk Spessart Bayern Landkreis Offenbach Offenbach am Main Frankfurt am Main Landkreis Fulda Vogelsbergkreis Landkreis Gießen Wetteraukreis Hochtaunuskreismap
About this picture

Hanau ( listen ? / I ) is a city in the east of the Rhine-Main area at the confluence of the Kinzig in the Main . It belongs to the Frankfurt metropolitan area, which is organized in the FrankfurtRheinMain regional association, is one of the ten regional centers of the State of Hesse , a special status city of the Main-Kinzig district and with 96,492 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) the sixth largest city and largest city in Hesse . Hanau is officially known as the Brothers Grimm City . Audio file / audio sample

The former residence of the Lords and Counts of Hanau was largely destroyed by air raids in 1944/45. After its reconstruction in a strongly changed form, the city of Hanau is once again the economic and cultural center of the Main-Kinzig region and an important transport, industrial and technological location.

geography

Geographical location

Hanau is located in the Lower Main Plain and here in a depression between Wetterau and Vorspessart on the northern edge of the Upper Rhine lowlands . It is surrounded by an extensive forest belt, the Bulau . The city forms the intersection of important traffic routes at the entrance to the Kinzig valley .

Neighboring communities

Hanau borders on ten cities and communities:

City structure

Hanau around 1400

Hanau is divided into ten districts. The city districts are in turn subdivided into city ​​districts (number in brackets). The districts are:

history

Surname

The oldest surviving mention of Hanau, as hagenouwa , dates from March 20, 1143, which later changes to Hagenowa (1151) or Hagenowe (1234, 1238, 1240). The toponomics today is based on a combination of the Germanic words Hagen and Aue . The name means something like "fenced or fortified settlement in a river landscape".

Middle Ages and Modern Times

The Hanau moated castle was first mentioned in 1143. A settlement developed around the castle in the period that followed. On February 2, 1303, King Albrecht I granted the Hanau settlement market and town rights . This included the right to hold markets and elect a council with two mayors at the top, as well as freedom from serfdom (“ city ​​air makes you free ”). During this time, construction of the first city ​​wall began.

In the 15th century the city population had grown and the city expanded significantly. A suburb developed in the west, outside the first wall ring. In 1470 this suburb received its own fence. Under Count Philipp II von Hanau-Münzenberg , a city ​​fortification was started in 1528 according to the technical standard of the Renaissance , which enclosed the two wall systems that were built in the Middle Ages.

Walloon-Dutch double church

The city received the greatest and most significant growth impetus when Count Philipp Ludwig II signed a treaty with Walloon and Dutch Calvinist refugees from France and the Spanish Netherlands on June 1, 1597 . With the Huguenots , a lot of capital and specialist knowledge from the craft sector came to the city. In return for the assurance that they would freely practice their religion , the refugees undertook to do business in Hanau. They founded the Hanau Neustadt, an area three times the size of the old town, and brought its own architectural style to Hanau. They built their house on the street and their manufactory in the back garden. In addition to the goldsmiths, cloth makers, weavers and silk weavers as well as hat makers opened workshops and factories. With the arrival of the Walloons and the Dutch, Hanau began to grow into an important business location. Until 1821, the Neustadt had its own, independent community, independent of the old town.

Hanau-Altstädter Markt looking north (approx. 1940)

Philip Ludwig II also settled Jews in Hanau; from 1604 there was again a Jewish community . The battle of Hanau on October 30th and 31st, 1813 was won by Napoleon's troops.

In the 19th century Hanau was a center of the democratic movement in Germany. In 1830 and 1848 important revolutionary impulses came from here. To enforce the counterrevolution in Kurhessen , Hanau was occupied by federal intervention troops from Bavaria and Austria on November 1, 1850 ; these so-called penal Bavaria were withdrawn after six months in the summer of 1851. In 1910 barracks were put into operation in Hanau-Lamboy , which housed Prussian railway regiments. After the end of the First World War , the disbanding command of Military Railway Directorate 2 was located here before it was relocated to Berlin in August 1919.

In 1933 the National Socialists ended the democratic city administration soon after they came to power . After the “ Nuremberg Laws ” came into force, the Jews who remained until the beginning of the Second World War were deported and murdered . With good connections to the Berlin party and leadership at the time, the German Goldsmith's House was founded on October 18, 1942 in the building of the old town hall. The origin of the tradition of goldsmithing, which dates back to the beginning of the 17th century, has now been concealed.

The air raids on Hanau in World War II destroyed the city almost completely. After the attacks by the US Army Air Forces (USAAF) on the railway systems in autumn 1944, two devastating major attacks by the British RAF Bomber Command took place in the last months of the war . In the air raid on January 6, 1945, British bombers cut a wide swath through the old and new towns of Hanau. 90 people died. Many residents then left the city, only 15,000 remained. Eight days before the American invasion, the British air raid on March 19, 1945, called “Hanau's Fateful Day ”, finally resulted in the complete destruction of the city. During a night attack with over 230 aircraft, 1200 tons of high explosive and incendiary bombs were dropped, resulting in a firestorm . In the old town there were only seven of the previous 450 houses. But the new town also fell victim to the bombing. Overall, the city lost 80 percent of its building fabric. About 2500 people died in this attack. The population, which was 40,000 in 1938, including 300 Jews, fell to less than 10,000. Were destroyed u. a. the Evangelical Reformed Church, the Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church, the Catholic Parish Church, the Reformed Dutch and Walloon Church, the City Palace, the Old Town Hall, the New Town Hall and the Frankfurt Gate of the New Town. Total losses without reconstruction were the hospital, grammar school (former high school), city theater, new armory, fountain on Neustädter Markt and many architecturally valuable town houses in the old and new towns. In 1939, the uncovering of half-timbered under plaster and the color design of old town houses had begun.

View over the old town of Hanau before the destruction

After light artillery bombardment, the ruined city was occupied on March 28, 1945 by the US Army under the command of the 4th US Armored Division . A demolition of the Auheim Main Bridge by Wehrmacht units failed on March 25th, whereupon fighting broke out there, as a result of which the German units withdrew to the east.

As in many West German cities, the rebuilding after the war saw the final destruction of the formerly medieval townscape. The ruins of the city ​​palace , the armory and the city ​​theater were torn down - against the protests of parts of the population and the Hanau history association - to make way for contemporary buildings. Parts of the previously preserved city wall and fortifications as well as large parts of the residential developments in the old and new town, including many listed buildings such as the Edelsheim Palace, suffered the same fate .

With the establishment of the state of Greater Hesse on September 19, 1945 through Proclamation No. 2 of the American military government , Hanau , which previously belonged to the Free State of Prussia, became part of Hesse.

Hanau belonged to the American zone of occupation and became one of the largest US Army bases in Europe and the largest in Germany. The American military community of the Hanau garrison with locations in the Wolfgang , Hanau-Lamboy , Großauheim district , the nearby Hanau Army Airfield and other barracks belonging to the garrison in the region comprised around 45,000 soldiers, civilian employees and civil employees at the height of the Cold War to defend the Fulda Gap Family members. On August 8, 2008, the entire garrison was finally closed. A conversion area of around 350 hectares remained . Soon the construction of new residential and commercial areas began there.

present

Rosenstrasse pedestrian zone
View over the Freiheitsplatz to the Forum Hanau
Hanau market square with the old town hall and the Brothers Grimm monument

Due to the almost complete destruction of Hanau's old town in the Second World War, the architecture of the inner city was shaped by the post-war years; massive modernization programs have been carried out here for several years: For example, the Freiheitsplatz, formerly the Paradeplatz and the Esplanade, has been largely replaced by a new one since 2013 Shopping center with approx. 22,500 square meters of retail space, new city ​​library and underground car park built by the Hanseatic care and investment company. At the same time, the associated bus station was changed and modernized. The market square and a large part of the streets and paths have also been modernized and rebuilt. The renovation work - in particular the “Forum Hanau” shopping center - has been completed since autumn 2015. A new city quarter for up to 5000 people is currently being developed on the former Pioneer barracks in the Wolfgang district.

Global leading companies from the technology sector such as Heraeus , Umicore or Vacuumschmelze and the Dunlop tire works are based in Hanau. In the 1980s, Hanau hit the headlines nationwide as a location for the nuclear industry and a now closed fuel assembly plant . On the former site of RWE Nukem , a technopark has been created under the auspices of Siemens .

In 2002 the second Hessian State Garden Show took place in the city .

Hanau was the district town of the Main-Kinzig district until June 2005 , before the seat of the district administration was relocated to Gelnhausen . Hanau is currently a district town with a special status , and the aim is to achieve district freedom by January 1, 2022.

On February 19, 2020, a 43-year-old German from Hanau shot and killed nine people with immigrant backgrounds at various locations in the city, then his mother and himself. He acted for racist motives, as his “Manifesto” stated.

Incorporations

On April 1, 1907, Kesselstadt was incorporated into Hanau. As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipality of Mittelbuchen was incorporated on December 31, 1971 . This was followed by state law on July 1, 1974, the previously independent town of Großauheim and the two communities of Steinheim (city) and Klein-Auheim , located south of the Main and from the Offenbach district .

Population development

Hanau: Population from 1753 to 2015
year     Residents
1753
  
 11,424
1795
  
 12,045
1805
  
 11,953
1821
  
 9,634
1834
  
 14,834
1840
  
 14,923
1846
  
 16,329
1852
  
 15,923
1858
  
 16,165
1864
  
 17.164
1871
  
 20,294
1875
  
 22,496
1885
  
 24,488
1895
  
 27.806
1905
  
 31,794
1910
  
 37,596
1925
  
 38,918
1939
  
 42.191
1946
  
 22,067
1950
  
 30,702
1956
  
 42,774
1961
  
 47.207
1967
  
 52,559
1970
  
 55,379
1978
  
 85,663
1985
  
 84,672
1990
  
 86,913
1995
  
 88,921
2000
  
 88.294
2005
  
 88,546
2010
  
 88,335
2015
  
 92,643
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; City of Hanau
The figures after 1970 contain the places incorporated into Hesse as part of the regional reform . (from 1978 to December 31st)
year Main and secondary residence
1998 91,657
1999 91,381
2000 91,944
2001 92,652
2002 93,277
2003 93,259
2004 93,302
2005 94,177
2006 94.065
2008 93,387
2009 93,610
2010 92,639
2011 93,694
2012 95,050
2015 97.426
2017 99,331
2018 99,255

Development of housing stocks:

date Apartments
December 31, 2003 43,013
December 31, 2004 43,037
December 31, 2005 42,440
December 31, 2008 42,773
December 31 2013 43,654

Denomination statistics

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 18,995 Protestant (= 77.92%), 4599 Catholic (= 18.87%), 196 other Christian denominations (= 0.80%), 574 Jewish (= 2.35%), 13 others (= 0.05 %) Residents
• 1961: 30,565 Protestant (= 64.75%), 13,275 Catholic (= 28.12%) residents

On December 31, 2003, 27,492 Hanauer belonged to the Roman Catholic and 24,410 to the Protestant Church. Eight years later, on December 31, 2011, significantly fewer belonged, namely 23,885 Hanau residents to the Roman Catholic Church and 20,499 to the Evangelical Church, while the others were 45,000. In 2011, 22.9% of the residents were Protestant (previous year 23.4%), 26.7% Catholic (previous year 27.1%) and 50.3% (previous year 49.5%) were non-denominational or had another religion. According to church statistics (as of 2020) not even half of the population belong to a church.

politics

City Council

The city council is the highest body of the city. Its political composition is determined every five years in local elections by the city's electorate. Whoever has reached the age of 18 and is a German citizen within the meaning of the Basic Law or a citizen of one of the other member states of the European Union may vote. Everyone has to have been registered in the city for at least three months.

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council
        
A total of 53 seats
  • ALL : 2
  • SPD : 20
  • Greens : 5
  • BfH : 4
  • FGH : 1
  • FDP : 4
  • CDU : 12
  • REP : 5
Parties and constituencies b 2016 2011 2006 2001 1997
Share a Seats Share a Seats Share a Seats Share a Seats Share a Seats
Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD 37.1 20th 36.5 22nd 29.3 17th 36.5 22nd 34.9 21st
Christian Democratic Union of Germany CDU 22.8 12 27.0 16 29.8 18th 35.1 21st 31.2 19th
Alliance 90 / The Greens Green 9.8 5 15.1 9 8.3 5 9.2 5 10.6 6th
The Republicans REP 9.6 5 4.2 2 6.6 4th 7.0 4th 14.1 9
Citizens' community of voters for Hanau BfH 7.7 4th 7.1 4th 9.0 5 6.7 4th 5.7 4th
Free Democratic Party FDP 7.6 4th 4.7 3 11.9 7th 4.9 3 3.0 0
Alternative left list Hanau ALLES 4.4 2 - - - - - - - -
Forum Common Hanau FGH 1.0 1 - - - - - - - -
The left left - - 5.3 3 5.2 3 - - - -
percentage of invalid votes 4.5 5.1 4.8 3.8 2.6
Total seats 53 59 59 59 59
voter turnout 38.6% 37.4% 35.2% 44.9% 62.0%
a percentage of the valid votes cast
b The table does not include: 2001 Animal Welfare Party with 0.5% and 1997 PBC with 0.5%

The members of the city council and the city councils were elected for the legislative period from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2021. 25,061 of the 65,005 eligible voters went to vote. The turnout increased from 37.4 percent in 2011 to 38.6 percent in 2016.

After the local elections in 2006, the SPD formed a coalition with the FDP, the Greens and the “Citizens for Hanau” (BfH), which it continued after the 2011 election. In December 2012, the FDP left the coalition.

In the meantime, two Greens have split off from their parliamentary group and founded the alternative parliamentary group.

Lord Mayor of the City of Hanau

The Lord Mayor heads the Hanau city administration and is directly elected by the population. The term of office is six years. Together with the mayor, one full-time and seven honorary city councilors, it forms the city ​​council of Hanau.

At the old town market

The following people were mayors between 1822 and 1933:

During the Nazi regime from 1933 to 1945, the mayors were no longer elected, but appointed by the district president. The last democratically elected mayor, Kurt Blaum, was followed by the National Socialists:

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, until the first free local elections in 1946, personalities were temporarily commissioned by the American occupation forces to hold the office of mayor.

Mayor Claus Kaminsky (2018)

The following people were then elected mayor:

Flag of the city of Hanau

coat of arms

Description: The shield, split in black and gold, shows a golden lion , crowned and tongued with gold, standing to the left, accompanied by seven common silver crosses , and three red rafters behind . A red and gold helmet cover lies on top of the gold-crowned Spangenhelm and, as a jewel, a growing, winged, red-beaked and tongued silver swan . The city's coat of arms is derived from the coat of arms of the County of Hanau .

Town twinning

United KingdomUnited Kingdom Dartford , UK
JapanJapan Tottori , Japan (since 2001)
RussiaRussia Yaroslavl , Russia
FranceFrance Conflans-Sainte-Honorine , France (partnership of the Großauheim district )
FranceFrance Francheville , France (Partnership of the Steinheim district )
China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Taizhou , People's Republic of China (since 2012)
TurkeyTurkey Nilüfer , Turkey (since 2013)

City friendships

GermanyGermany Waltershausen , ( Thuringia ) since 1990
FranceFrance Pays de Hanau , France

Hanau is also a member of the Federation of European Napoleonic Cities .

Culture and sights

Attractions

The German goldsmith's house in the old town
Former Wilhelmsbad health resort

Well-known sights are

tourism

Philippsruhe Castle in the evening mood

The German Fairy Tale Route begins in Hanau and ends in Bremen . The German Limes Road runs through Hanau and the German Half-timbered Road through Steinheim . Steinheim is also the starting point for the Hessian apple wine and orchard route . Hanau lies on the Via Regia Rhine-Silesia and forms the starting point for further historical military and trade routes. Other cycle paths that lead through Hanau are:

Markets and festivals

Cider festival

The cider festival always takes place on the last weekend in August in the old town of Steinheim in the castle courtyard.

Midsummer bonfire and old town festival

On the eve of the name day of the Steinheim patron saint Johannes , June 23, the St. John's bonfire is lit in the Steinheim district . For decades, the event has been celebrated under the direction of the Steinheim History Association. For several years now, the Steinheimer Johannisfeuer has been used as an opportunity to celebrate the old town festival. Under the organizational direction of the "Interest Group Steinheimer Clubs and Associations", the local clubs host visitors throughout Steinheim's old town.

There is an exception to the tradition of scheduling: the Midsummer bonfire never takes place on a weekend. If June 23rd falls on a Saturday, the celebration will take place on Friday; if it is a Sunday, the fire will not be lit until Monday.

Weekly market

Weekly market with products from the surrounding area in front of the town hall

The Hanau weekly market, which takes place twice a week on Wednesdays and Saturdays, is based on the founding treaties of the Neustadt Hanau: On June 1, 1597, Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg concluded a treaty with Calvinist refugees from France and the Spanish Netherlands , who Surrender of the new town of Hanau so that they could settle in the new town of Hanau to be built. The surrender was supplemented in 1604 by a transfix of the Neustadt Hanau . These contracts also guaranteed the citizens the right to hold a market. This takes place to this day on the Neustadt market square and is dominated by the food offer, which mostly comes from farmers in the area. It is one of the largest markets in Hessen with around a hundred stands. The Christmas market takes place here during Advent.

Lamboyfest

From 1635 to 1636 the Hanau Fortress was besieged by imperial troops under General Lamboy . The modern fastening system that had only been erected a few years earlier proved its worth here. Thousands had fled from the surrounding villages into the city, the conditions were terrible. In June 1636 a Hessian-Swedish relief army under Landgrave Wilhelm V of Hesse-Kassel ended the nine-month siege. Wilhelm V was married to a daughter of Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Munzenberg, Amalie Elisabeth . Shortly thereafter, annual thanksgiving services were introduced, from which the Lamboy Festival developed from 1800. At first it was celebrated in the Lamboy Forest, which partly occupied the area in which the Lamboy district extends today. The event has been taking place in the historic old town around the goldsmith's house for several years .

Citizen Festival

The citizens' festival was set up in 1958 on the initiative of the then Lord Mayor of Hanau, Heinrich Fischer , to commemorate the development work of the Hanau citizens after the Second World War. It has been celebrated in September on the Mainwiesen near Philippsruhe Castle for several years . Until the nineties, the traditional fairground was the Philippsruhe Palace Park, where the tents of Hanau clubs were set up. The festival area was relocated because of the considerable damage that was done to the historic park, a cultural monument , every year . In 2002 and 2003 the festival was canceled due to cost reasons.

Culture

Events

Brothers Grimm Fairy Tale Festival
Memorial of the Brothers Grimm in Hanau

The Brothers Grimm Fairy Tale Festival takes place annually from May to July / August in the " amphitheater " adjacent to the Schloss Philippsruhe park . In memory of the Brothers Grimm , sons of the city of Hanau, various fairy tales from their collections are dramatized and staged here.

Philippsruher Palace Concerts

The Philippsruhe Palace Concerts are a series of classical music events that have been held annually since 1987 with the Collegium Instrumentale Alois Kottmann , which take place both in the premises of Philippsruhe Palace and on the grounds of the palace gardens, including on the stage of the Brothers Grimm Fairy Tale Festival in the "Amphitheater" is carried out.

Kinzigtal totally

Once a year, the Kinzigtal Total Cycle Sunday takes place.

Awards and prizes of honor

In memory of the son of the city Paul Hindemith , the city of Hanau since 2000 gives the the town of Hanau Paul Hindemith Prize . In memory of the Brothers Grimm, the city has awarded the Brothers Grimm Prize of the City of Hanau since 1983 and, together with the Goethe University in Frankfurt, the Grimm Citizenship Lecturer since 2016 . The August Gaul plaque commemorates August Gaul , who was born in Großauheim . The city of Hanau awards them to institutions and personalities who have rendered outstanding services in the cultural and artistic field.

Artist Association SIMPLICIUS

The artist association SIMPLICIUS Hanau was founded in 1952. Many teachers and students at the State Drawing Academy in Hanau are or were members of the artists' association that still exists today.

Museums

Philippsruhe Castle , seat of the Hanau Historical Museum

There are nine museums, collections and museum-like institutions in Hanau . The most famous of the museums in the city of Hanau is the Hanau Philippsruhe Castle History Museum with the Paper Theater Museum . The city continues to operate the Steinheim Castle Museum for archeology, regional prehistory and early history, as well as the local and castle history of Steinheim, as well as the Großauheim Museum for industrial history, art collection with works by August Gaul and August Peukert .

The German goldsmith's house of the Gesellschaft für Goldschmiedekunst with the support of the city, the Heimatmuseum Mittelbuchen of the Heimat- und Geschichtsverein with support from the city, the castle ruins Wilhelmsbad of the administration of the state palaces and gardens of Hessen , the Hessian doll museum of the sponsoring association are not in city sponsorship with support from the city and the state, the Hessian Forest Museum at the "Alte Fasanerie" wildlife park in Hessen-Forst and the Hanau Museum Railway .

Memorials

In 1962, a field of honor for the victims of the Second World War was laid out in the main cemetery, with several groups of crosses made of basalt lava tuff.

In front of the Ehrenfeld there is an entrance courtyard which is dedicated to the special memory of the British air raid on March 19, 1945. The names of the more than two thousand victims that day are recorded on bronze plates.

Across from the location of the old Hanau synagogue in Nordstrasse there is a memorial plaque and some memorial plaques; the synagogue was destroyed in the night of the pogrom in 1938. Only a few meters away is the "Former Ghetto Wall" memorial on the footpath between Freiheitsplatz and Main-Kinzig Halle; 230 individual bronze tablets here remind of the Jewish children, women and men who were born in Hanau and who lived in Hanau until they were abducted and murdered.

additional

religion

Denomination statistics

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1885: 18,995 Protestant (= 77.92%), 4599 Catholic (= 18.87%), 196 other Christian denominations (= 0.80%), 574 Jewish (= 2.35%), 13 others (= 0.05 %) Residents
• 1961: 30,565 Protestant (= 64.75%), 13,275 Catholic (= 28.12%) residents

On December 31, 2003, 27,492 Hanauer belonged to the Roman Catholic and 24,410 to the Protestant Church. Eight years later, on December 31, 2011, significantly fewer belonged, namely 23,885 Hanau residents to the Roman Catholic Church and 20,499 to the Evangelical Church, while the others were 45,000. In 2011, 22.9% of the residents were Protestant (previous year 23.4%), 26.7% Catholic (previous year 27.1%) and 50.3% (previous year 49.5%) were non-denominational or had another religion.

Christianity

Evangelical Marienkirche Hanau

Hanau to the right of the Main (the core town and most of the districts) belongs to the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck or the Diocese of Fulda , Hanau to the left of the Main (the districts of Steinheim and Klein-Auheim) to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau or to the diocese Mainz . In the Evangelical Church, the four traditional Hanau parishes Marienkirche , Johanneskirche , Christuskirche and Kreuzkirche have been combined in the Evangelical City Parish of Hanau in the Hanau parish since January 1, 2014 , one of the strongest parishes within the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck. The Catholic Church continues to run four separate parishes in Hanau, which are combined in the Pastoral Association of Our Lady Hanau in the Hanau Dean's Office . Most of the individual districts have their own parishes and parishes.

In addition, there is another Christian community in Hanau, the Walloon-Dutch community , which is an independent member of the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

Islam

Bait-ul-Wahid Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Hanau

There are several mosques with different orientations in Hanau:

Judaism

For several years there has been a Jewish community in Hanau again . The first Jewish community was murdered in the Middle Ages by the plague pogrom in 1344. From 1603, Jews settled again parallel to the Huguenots . The construction site was the ghetto, today Nordstrasse (Hanau) . On December 28, 1605, Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg issued a privilege for this, the so-called "Jewish seat". The new community was directly subordinate to the count's administration, not one of the two city administrations of the old or new town of Hanau, even if its residents had to pay poll tax opposite the old town. The synagogue was built in the courtyard of today's property on Nordstrasse. The street could be closed by gates at both ends. Jews were not allowed to leave the ghetto on Sundays. The community hall of the Jewish community in Hanau was on Nürnberger Strasse . The community acquired this after the Hanau Ghetto was opened by Napoleon Bonaparte at the beginning of the 19th century . The Jewish community school has been located here since 1890. After the Hanauer Nazis in the wake of the November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom , the synagogue had set on fire and bricked up, the remaining community held their services in the community center before 1942 and the last 75 Hanauer Jews to concentration and extermination camps were deported. Only so - called half - Jews and Jews who were married to so-called Aryans stayed. They were deported to Theresienstadt in February 1945 and most of them survived.

Economy and Infrastructure

View of the Congress Park Hanau on Schlossplatz

traffic

Air traffic

Hanau does not have its own airfield. Small planes fly to either Zellhausen or the neighboring Langenselbold . The distance to Frankfurt Airport from the city center is around 30 kilometers.

railroad

The entrance building of the Hanau-Wilhelmsbad train station from 1848 by Julius Eugen Ruhl is the oldest in Hanau today

Hanau is a central hub in the railway network with a direct ICE connection, on which six routes run:

Historically, there was also the Hanauer Kleinbahn to Hüttengesäß and Langenselbold and the Hanauer Industriebahn .

View into Wilhelmstrasse

In Hanau, in addition to the main train station , which connects the aforementioned routes, there are also the Hanau West and Hanau-Wilhelmsbad stops on the Frankfurt-Hanauer Railway, the Großauheim stop on the Main-Spessart-Bahn, the Wolfgang train station on the Kinzigtalbahn, the S- railway -Haltepunkt Steinheim (Main) the südmainischen S-Bahn, the Hanau Nord station at the Hanau-Friedberger Bahn (formerly ended there, the Hanauer Kleinbahn ) and the breakpoint station Hanau-Kleinauheim at the Odenwaldbahn. The Hanau depot is now the seat of a museum railway .

Planned major projects

Streets

The city is connected to a well-developed network of trunk roads, including the A 3 , A 45 and A 66 motorways , as well as the B 8 , B 43 , B 43a and B 45 federal highways . In addition, other country and district roads lead through the urban area. The Hanauer Kreuz is located east of downtown Hanau .

Local transport

The inner-city local traffic in Hanau is mainly provided by the Hanau tram .

Bicycle traffic

For a few years now, Hanau has been trying to promote cycling and, according to the ADFC, is one of the strongest "catch-ups" in Germany. Nevertheless, according to the cycling climate test, the cycling situation is still unsatisfactory.

Main harbor

View of the harbor entrance from the Steinheimer Bridge

Hanauer Mainhafen is one of the ports with the largest cargo handling on the Main , Main-Danube Canal and Danube .

Industry and craft

Rosenstrasse pedestrian zone
Hanau tax office on Freiheitsplatz
Nürnberger Strasse pedestrian zone

Hanau is the seat of a number of major companies, including materials and materials technology, medical and dental technology, chemistry and plant engineering. Historically it was home to the first German faience manufacture and had a long tradition in goldsmithing and jewelry making. Large companies with locations in Hanau include Heraeus , Evonik Industries , Dunlop , ALD Vacuum Technologies , Vacuumschmelze and Umicore , as well as successor companies to the former Leybold AG. Many companies in the chemical industry are based in the Wolfgang industrial park .

Municipal utilities are Stadtwerke Hanau . The Hanau-Gelnhausen-Schlüchtern Chamber of Commerce and Industry is based in Hanau.

The Hanauer Seifenfabrik was a company that manufactured and sold soap and glycerine products. The corporation was founded in 1921 by taking over the Hanauer Seifenfabrik J. Gioth and suffered bankruptcy in September 1924 .

Employees subject to social security contributions

On June 30, 2005 there were 28,462 social security employees in Hanau, 29,298 at the end of September 2007, 30,537 at the end of 2011 and 33,041 at the end of September 2014. The number of people liable for social insurance at the place of work, i.e. jobs in Hanau with social insurance, initially declined from June 30, 2005 (42,013) to the end of 2006 (41,894), but then rose to 45,044 by the end of 2013.

unemployment

The unemployment figures are collected for the Hanau employment office. The unemployment rate in April 2008 was 5.6 percent below the Hessian average, which was 6.8 percent. In April 2015, the unemployment rate in Hanau was 6.9 percent, while in Hesse it was an annual average of 5.5 percent. Thus unemployment rose contrary to the national trend. The unemployment rate is now above average by Hessian standards.

Authorities, courts and institutions

Hanau is the seat of the Hanau District Court , the Hanau Public Prosecutor's Office and the Hanau District Court .

Health care

In Hanau, in addition to the Hanau municipal clinic , which is an academic teaching hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main, there is also the Hanau St. Vinzenz Hospital under the sponsorship of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vinzenz von Paul, motherhouse in Fulda . There are five different institutions for care for the elderly in Hanau, including the United Martin Luther and Althanauer Hospital Foundation Hanau .

education

In the 2004/2005 school year, 19,113 students were taught in 868 classes at the Hanau schools. The proportion of foreigners was 22.9 percent.

There are a total of 15 primary schools in Hanau. The primary school of the district Mittelbuchen visit with the children from Wachenbuchen primary school in Maintal-Wachenbuchen. At Hauptschule and Realschulen there are four schools with different educational focuses. Three grammar schools, the Hohe Landesschule , the Karl Rehbein School and the grammar school of the private Paul Gerhardt School , and two comprehensive schools, the Otto Hahn School and the Lindenau School , form the basis for the higher general school form.

There are several different institutions at vocational schools in Hanau. The State Drawing Academy in Hanau offers, among other things, training to become a master goldsmith , while the HGA Health Academy / Rescue Service School Hessen offers training for paramedics, nursing assistants and first aid.

A total of three special needs schools are represented in Hanau. The educational offerings in Hanau are rounded off by a community college for adult education, a music school, a youth art school, a family education center, a youth education center and the Kinzigaue environmental center.

Personalities

The following personalities were born in Hanau:

Rudi Völler at the entry in the city's Golden Book

sports clubs

The club with the largest number of members in the Main-Kinzig district is the 1837 Hanau gymnastics community . Hanau is also home to the oldest soccer club in Hessen, 1. Hanauer FC 1893 , and TSV Hanau 1860. In the same year as TSV Hanau 1860, TV Kesselstadt was founded. Hanau also has a handball club, the HSG Hanau , which currently plays in the 3rd League East of the third-highest German division. The first inline hockey game in Hessen was held in Hanau in 1995. There are two American football teams in Hanau , the Hanau Hornets [1. Season: 1999/2000] and the Hanau Ravens [1. Season: 2017 in the Verbandsliga Mitte = VI]. The basketball team White Wings Hanau played in the ProA , the second highest league in Germany , in the 2016/2017 season . The 1st Hanauer THC has over 1200 active members. In addition, Hanau has one of the oldest fencing clubs in Germany with the TFC 1869 Hanau. Furthermore, there are three traditional rowing clubs in Hanau: the Hanauer Rowing Society 1879, the Hanauer Rowing Club Hassia and the Möve Großauheim rowing club. In Hanau, the state decision "Youth trains for the Olympics" in rowing takes place at regular intervals. The golf course in Hanau at the Wilhelmsbader Kuranlage is one of the most renowned facilities in Germany.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Hanau  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Hanau  - travel guide
Wikisource: Hanau in Merians Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ a b City of Hanau: City districts / city districts. As of December 31, 2014, accessed April 6, 2016
  3. ↑ Model Region Integration Main Kinzig District and City of Hanau. Hanau City Council, September 2, 2009, accessed on February 22, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Additional designations to the community name within the meaning of Section 13 (2) HGO, which have been awarded by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior since 1945 (with regard to the historical past, the individual character or the importance of the respective community) , October 2016.
  5. ↑ Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 (Ed.): 675 years old town Hanau - Festschrift for the city anniversary and catalog for the exhibition in the Historical Museum of the city of Hanau am Main, September 2 to October 1, 1978. Hanau 1978, p. 117, cat. No . 1 u. Fig. 74.
  6. ^ Wallonian-Dutch Church Hanau: Community Self-Understanding. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  7. ↑ Prussian and Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz (ed.): Official Gazette of the Prussian and Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz from August 16, 1919, No. 41. Nachrichten, p. 277.
  8. ^ Hugo Birkner : The destruction of the city of Hanau on March 19, 1945. In: Hanau city and country. A home book for school and home. Hanau 1954, pp. 385-387.
  9. ^ City of Hanau: Historical development of Hanau with districts. (PDF file, 26 kB)
  10. ^ Hartwig Beseler and Niels Gutschow: War fates of German architecture. Karl-Wachholtz-Verlag, Neumünster. Vol. 2, south. ISBN 3-926642-22-X . Pp. 847-855
  11. ↑ Hannelore Broegmann: war and postwar period in Hanau. In: New Magazine for Hanau History , 2002/2, pp. 123f .; Hans-Günter Stahl: The aerial warfare over the Hanau area 1939-1945. Hanau 2015, ISBN 978-3-935395-22-1 (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 48 ), pp. 382–384
  12. ^ History - Pioneer Park Hanau . In: Pioneer Park Hanau . ( pioneer-park.de [accessed on October 6, 2017]).
  13. ↑ The course was set as early as the 17th century. (No longer available online.) Main-Kinzig-Kreis, August 15, 2011, archived from the original on October 25, 2012 ; Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
  14. ^ City of Hanau: District freedom should come on January 1st, 2022. February 6, 2020, accessed February 6, 2020 .
  15. ↑ - Kesselstadt - a brief overview. November 8, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2018 .
  16. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  17. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 345 .
  18. ↑ a b c Hanau, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  19. ↑ Klein: ground plan. P. 108.
  20. ^ Eyring: The district of Hanau. P. 7.
  21. ^ City of Hanau: Hanau numbers up-to-date.
  22. ^ City of Hanau: Update of the building and housing stock in Hanau.
  23. ↑ [1]
  24. ↑ Religious affiliation Residents of the city of Hanau with main residence by age group, gender and religion, data as of December 31, 2011
  25. ^ City of Hanau Demographic Biography
  26. ↑ What's next for the Church? Vicar General Christof Steinert on the growing number of people leaving the church
  27. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  28. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the municipal elections of 2011 and 2006.
  29. ↑ Hessian Statistical Office: Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997.
  30. ↑ Pamela Dörhöfer: "The basis of the coalition remains". Frankfurter Rundschau , December 13, 2012, accessed on February 22, 2013 .
  31. ↑ Double green in the city parliament. Offenbach-Post, February 11, 2012, accessed on February 22, 2013 .
  32. ↑ Tasks of the Lord Mayor , website of the city of Hanau
  33. ^ Magistrate of the City of Hanau
  34. ↑ Friendship remains intimate fr.de February 3, 2019
  35. ↑ Vital partnership 80 French visit Steinheim
  36. ↑ Pamela Dorhöfer: Hanau: Friendships all over the world - Frankfurter Rundschau , local section Main-Kinzig-Kreis, January 25, 2019, accessed on August 24, 2020
  37. ^ German Limes Road: Hanau - the Brothers Grimm City.
  38. ↑ Ute Vetter / Ute Wolf: Brothers Grimm City Hanau. Official city guide. Societäts-Verlag Frankfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-942921-75-6 , p. 138 and internet source
  39. ↑ Werner Kurz: The Hanauer Lamboy Festival . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area. 2011, ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 321-334. (= Hanauer history sheets 45)
  40. ↑ Eckhard Meise : The Lamboy Bridge and the Lamboy Festival . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein: The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area. 2011, ISBN 978-3-935395-15-9 , pp. 335-395. (= Hanauer history sheets 45)
  41. ↑ Werner Kurz: A piece of Hanau identity donated with the citizens' festival . In: Hanauer Anzeiger, August 30, 2008, p. 33.
  42. ^ City of Hanau: Brothers Grimm Fairy Tale Festival. ( Memento from March 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  43. ↑ [2]
  44. ↑ Religious affiliation Residents of the city of Hanau with main residence by age group, gender and religion, data as of December 31, 2011
  45. ^ City of Hanau Demographic Biography
  46. ↑ Angelika Cipa and a .: Hanau city guide. Thirty sites of democratic history and anti-fascist resistance. Frankfurt 1983. p. 38.
  47. ↑ Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (Ed.): The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life before and during the Holocaust. Vol. A-J, New York 2001, p. 494: Hanau . (engl.)
  48. ^ ADFC bicycle climate test. ADFC, February 24, 2020, accessed on February 24, 2020 .
  49. ^ City of Hanau: Employees subject to social security contributions. ( Memento from November 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  50. ^ City of Hanau - Employees subject to social security contributions. (No longer available online.) November 15, 2016, archived from the original on November 7, 2017 ; Retrieved November 3, 2017 .
  51. ↑ City of Hanau: Hanau figures currently 06/2015. Retrieved November 3, 2017 .
  52. ↑ Unemployment rate in Hesse up to 2016 | Statistics. Retrieved November 3, 2017 .
  53. ↑ Table tennis: Hanau instead of patrons. ( Memento from April 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Frankfurter Rundschau from April 22, 2009.
  54. ↑ Hanns Mattes: From caps, kickers and cups. A tour through the history of the oldest football club in Hessen. July 2003.
  55. ↑ skate-IN magazine from August 16, 2001: Inline-Hockey goes International. Retrieved online on August 7, 2018 http://skate.de/magazin/artikel/skatelife?id=29300&cmd=Anhaben