Guard beech
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Guard beech
City of Maintal
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| Height : | 123 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 9.51 km² |
| Residents : | 3423 (Jun. 30, 2018) |
| Population density : | 360 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1974 |
| Postal code : | 63477 |
| Area code : | 06181 |
Wachenbuchen is the smallest district of Maintal in the Hessian Main-Kinzig district .
geography
location
Wachenbuchen is located in the eastern Rhine-Main area , approx. 17 kilometers east of Frankfurt am Main and 6 kilometers northwest of downtown Hanau at an altitude of 128 m above sea level .
Neighboring cities
Wachenbuchen borders in the north on the community of Schöneck , in the northeast on the Hanau district of Mittelbuchen . In the southeast, after crossing the forest, Wachenbuchen borders on Hanau-Hohe Tanne and -Wilhelmsbad , in the southwest on the Maintal district of Hochstadt .
history
prehistory
Due to the fertile soils on the south-eastern edge of the Wetterau , the Wachenbuchen district has been inhabited since the Neolithic . Some Bronze Age grave finds were also found. From the Roman Empire , a native hilltop grave with cremation on Simmetsweg and a four Gods stone (part of a Jupiter column ), which was found during construction work in the church 1,903th It is now in the Mittelbuchen local history museum .
middle Ages
The oldest surviving mention of the Bucha district comes from a donation to the Lorsch Monastery in 798 and is recorded in the Lorsch Codex . The document does not disclose which of the Book-places is meant (Wachenbuchen, Mittelbuchen or one of in the Middle Ages to deserted villages have become places Lützel Book or Oberbuchen ). In 1998, Maintal-Wachenbuchen and Hanau-Mittelbuchen therefore celebrated their 1200th anniversary together. The places formed the core area of the later office of Büchertal in the Hanau rule , from 1429: Hanau county , after the division of 1458: Hanau-Münzenberg county . It was named after the noble family of the Lords of Buchen, predecessors of the Lords and Counts of Hanau , to whose possession it belonged since 1145 at the latest. The castle of the Lords of Buchen, southeast of today's outskirts, is preserved in the district as a ground monument .
The first explicit mention of Wachenbuchen itself dates back to 1243. Reinhard I. von Hanau donated property in Wachenbuchen to the Eberbach Monastery
In 1252 a pastor and a church are mentioned. The patronage lies with Maria , the church patronage belongs to the lords and later counts of Isenburg . Before the Reformation, the central church authority was the Archdeaconate of the Provost of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz, Landkapitel Roßdorf .
Historical forms of names
In surviving documents, Wachenbuchen was mentioned under the following names (the year of mention in brackets):
- Wagon beech (1243)
- Beech beeches (1266)
Modern times
The Reformation was gradually introduced in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg in the middle of the 16th century . This happened first in the Lutheran sense. In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg was changed again: From 1597 Count Philipp Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and made this largely binding for the County of Hanau-Munzenberg. After the Reformation, the parish belonged to the “class” ( deanery ) Büchertal and looked after the parish Kilianstätten for long stretches in the 17th century.
After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , In 1736 Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and with it the office of Büchertal and Wachenbuchen on the basis of a contract of inheritance from 1643. In 1803 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the status of the Electorate of Hesse .
During the Napoleonic period, the office of Büchertal was under French military administration from 1806, belonged to the Principality of Hanau from 1807–1810 , and then from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse. After the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821, under which the Electorate of Hesse was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, the office of Büchertal was added to the newly formed district of Hanau . With the annexation of Kurhessen by the Kingdom of Prussia after the lost war of 1866 , Wachenbuchen also became Prussian.
In 1912 the garden city settlement Hohe Tanne was built in the extreme south of Wachenbuchen .
Up until 1933, Wachenbuchen had a larger proportion of Jewish citizens (in 1933, 83 inhabitants were members of the Jewish community = 5.7% of 1,465 inhabitants) who were persecuted and murdered during the Nazi era (→ Holocaust ). At least 46 of the Jewish residents of Wachenbuchen were murdered in concentration camps . The interior of the Wachenbuchen synagogue , built around 1880, was destroyed in the November pogrom 1938, the building is still on the corner of Hainstrasse and Alt Wachenbuchen and is now used as a residential building. The neighboring Jewish school was completely destroyed.
On July 1, 1974, the municipality of Wachenbuchen was merged with the municipalities of Bischofsheim , Hochstadt and the town of Dörnigheim as part of the regional reform in Hesse by law to form the new town of Maintal. The Hohe Tanne settlement was reclassified to the city of Hanau.
Population development
Source: Historical local dictionary
| • 1544: | 19 men (treasury register) |
| • 1587: | 57 shooters and 22 philistines |
| • 1632: | 69 house seats (61 families) |
| • 1634: | 97 payers |
| • 1646: | 24 payers |
| • 1683: | 56 payers |
| • 1707: | 63 families |
| • 1753/54: | 95 households (98 families) and 3 Jews |
| • 1812: | 98 fire places |
| Wachenbuchen: Population from 1753 to 2018 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | |||
| 1753 | 372 | |||
| 1812 | 407 | |||
| 1834 | 614 | |||
| 1840 | 670 | |||
| 1846 | 697 | |||
| 1852 | 758 | |||
| 1858 | 739 | |||
| 1864 | 775 | |||
| 1871 | 758 | |||
| 1875 | 771 | |||
| 1885 | 843 | |||
| 1895 | 972 | |||
| 1905 | 1,112 | |||
| 1910 | 1,227 | |||
| 1925 | 1,426 | |||
| 1939 | 1,630 | |||
| 1946 | 2.135 | |||
| 1950 | 2,185 | |||
| 1956 | 2,311 | |||
| 1961 | 2,307 | |||
| 1967 | 2,433 | |||
| 1970 | 2,557 | |||
| 2009 | 3,262 | |||
| 2018 | 3,423 | |||
| Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Further sources:; after 1970: City of Maintal: Statistical data | ||||
Religious affiliation
Source: Historical local dictionary
| • 1885: | 723 Protestant (= 85.77%), 12 Catholic (= 1.42%), 108 Jewish (= 12.81%) residents |
| • 1961: | 1871 Protestant (= 81.10%), 328 Catholic (= 14.22%) inhabitants |
Land use
Source: Historical local dictionary
- 1885 (hectare): 957, of which 519 arable (= 54.23%), 108 meadows (= 11.29%), 298 logs (= 31.14%)
- 1961 (hectare): 951, of which 262 forest (= 27.55%)
badges and flags
coat of arms
Blazon : "A silver beech in blue."
The coat of arms was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior for the municipality of Wachenbuchen in what was then the Hanau district on September 8, 1964 .
The talking coat of arms shows a beech tree .
flag
The flag was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior on September 12, 1966 and is described as follows:
“Between the narrow blue side stripes a broad silver central panel. In the upper half the coat of arms. "
Attractions
Wachenbuchen did not have an elaborate city wall like the two neighboring towns of Hochstadt and Mittelbuchen. A small village wall existed, the remains of which are still visible in the old cemetery. In the vicinity of the church, the old town hall from 1555 and numerous other half-timbered buildings in the old town center are worth seeing.
The transmission tower (sometimes also referred to as the guard beech tower ) on the Hühnerberg , the highest elevation in Main Valley, is striking, thanks to a telecommunications system .
"Old Town Hall", built in 1555.
The town hall in Wachenbuchen, built in 1555, in the Hanau district: drawing by the graduates of the Kgl. Building trade school Frankfurt / M. Jean Fix and Philipp Engelhardt, recorded in 1910
Wachenbuchen Castle , remnants of a tower hill castle
Viergötterstein from the Protestant church, exhibited in the local history museum Hanau-Mittelbuchen.
Economy and Infrastructure
Economic structure
In addition to agriculture , which is still an important line of business today due to the large municipal area, there was also diamond cutters in the wake of the jewelry industry in neighboring Hanau until the 20th century . In addition, there were small trades and trades, professions that were practiced to a considerable extent by local Jews before the Second World War .
traffic
Wachenbuchen has the weakest infrastructure of the Maintal districts. It is connected to the other parts of the city and the train stations Maintal Ost , Hanau Hauptbahnhof and Frankfurt am Main by 3 bus lines . Niederdorfelden , Schöneck, Mittelbuchen, Hochstadt and Hanau can be reached via country roads .
education
The primary school for Wachenbuchen is the Büchertalschule. It lies between guard and middle beeches.
literature
- Peter Heckert: Lovable guard book . Hanau 1997.
- Heinrich Reimer : Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen. Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 14, 1926 p. 73 f.
- Eugen Heinz Sauer: Büchertal stories. Festival book for the 1200th anniversary of the districts Hanau-Mittelbuchen and Maintal-Wachenbuchen . Hanau-Mittelbuchen 1997.
- Literature on guard beeches in the Hessian Bibliography
Web links
- Life in Maintal. In: Internet presence. City of Maintal
- Wachenbuchen, Main-Kinzig-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population figures . In: Internet presence. City of Maintal, archived from the original on October 28, 2018 ; accessed on October 28, 2018 .
- ↑ a b See Marion Mattern: Roman stone monuments from the Taunus and Wetterau Limes with the hinterland between Heftrich and Großkrotzenburg. CSIR Germany II, 12, Mainz 2001, pp. 149f., No. 329.
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 3013, June 1, 798 - Reg. 2622. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 56 , accessed on April 21, 2016 .
- ↑ EH Sauer (see literature, p. 75.).
- ↑ a b c d Wachenbuchen, Main-Kinzig-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1986 , Part 1 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 33. Marburg 1984, p. 342.
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Gelnhausen, Hanau and Schlüchtern and the city of Hanau as well as the recirculation of the cities of Fulda, Hanau and Marburg (Lahn) concerning questions (GVBl. 330-26) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 149 , § 2 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 367 .
- ↑ a b In the years 1632, 1707 and 1754 the number of inhabitants in the county of Hanau was determined. These figures are reproduced here after Erhard Bus: The consequences of the great war - the west of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg after the Peace of Westphalia . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 : The Thirty Years War in Hanau and the surrounding area = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 45 (2011), OCLC 1073465042 , pp. 277-320 (289 ff).
- ^ Historical local dictionary: Extended search: LAGIS Hessen. Accessed January 30, 2020 .
- ^ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Wachenbuchen, district Hanau, administrative district Wiesbaden dated September 8, 1964 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1964 No. 39 , p. 1214 , item 1116 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
- ↑ Approval of a flag of the municipality of Wachenbuchen, district Hanau, administrative district Wiesbaden dated September 12, 1966 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1966 No. 35 , p. 1132 , point 810 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2,3 MB ]).
- ↑ Medienzentrum Hanau: Repro 9x12 glass plate negative: Elisabeth Schmincke / MZHU-Bildarchiv Sig.MZHU XXV 0045
