Principality of Hanau
The Principality of Hanau was an imperial territory of the old German Empire from 1803 to 1806 , from 1806 (at the latest after the Peace of Tilsit ) to 1810 an area as a department of Hanau under French administration, from 1810 to 1813 a department in the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , from 1813 to 1821 a territory in the sovereign Electorate of Hesse and after the unification of all territories of Electorate Hesse and the territorial and administrative reform (1821) a province (administrative unit) within the Electorate.
Emergence
When the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel was elevated to the status of an electorate in 1803 , it was also linked to a viril vote in the Imperial Council for the area that had previously belonged to the Landgraviate as the County of Hanau-Munzenberg . This made the county a principality .
area
The capital of the principality was the city of Hanau . At that time it essentially comprised the area of the former County of Hanau-Munzenberg, as it was after the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , In 1736 passed to Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel on the basis of an inheritance contract from 1643. However, between 1736 and 1803 there were a number of changes in the territory's inventory, in particular condominiums were dissolved:
- 1746 with was Palatinate common pledge domination over Gelnhausen replaced by Hesse-Cassel, so that the city now has a total of the county Hanau belonged.
- In 1748 the Alzenau free court shared between Kurmainz and Hessen-Kassel was actually divided between the two.
- Due to a dispute over the inheritance of 1736 between the Landgraviates of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt , the office of Babenhausen was divided between the two - finally in 1771 .
Further development
1806 left Friedrich Christoph Graf von Degenfeld-Schonburg (1769-1848) the state sovereignty over his court Ramholz Kurhessen, which assigned the court to the Principality of Hanau.
After the electoral state was dissolved by France in November 1806, the principality was under French military administration until 1810. From 1810 to 1813 it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , now known as the Department of Hanau . Then it fell back to the Electorate of Hesse.
In 1816 the borders between Kurhessen and the Grand Duchy of Hesse , the former Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, were cleared. Thereafter, the following areas of the Principality of Hanau were ceded to the Grand Duchy:
- Office of Babenhausen
- Rodheim Office
- Ortenberg Office
- Kurhessian share in Vilbel
- Kurhessian share in Burg-Graefenrode
- Kurhessian share in Assenheim
- Kurhessian share in Heuchelheim
- Kurhessian share in Munzenberg
- Kurhessian share of Trais
- Kurhessian share in Ortenberg
- Kurhessian share in Hergershausen
- Kurhessische share in Sickenhofen
In return, the Principality of Hanau received area growth through this exchange
- formerly Grand Ducal Hessian areas
- Office Dorheim
- Grossauheim
- Großkrotzenburg
- Oberrodenbach
- Grand Ducal Hessian share in Praunheim
- formerly Isenburg areas
- Birstein
- Buttocks
- Breitenborn AW
- The stream
- Fischborn
- Gettenbach
- Gondsroth
- Hailer
- Haitz
- Helfersdorf
- Hellstein
- Hesseldorf
- Hettersroth
- Buttocks
- Catholic Willenroth
- Kirchbracht
- Langendiebach
- Langenselbold
- Leisenwald
- Lichen red
- Loveless
- Mouse angle
- Sea wood
- Neuenhaßlau
- Neuenschmidten
- Neuwiedermuss
- Niedergründau
- Niedermittlau
- Oberreichenbach
- Obersotzbach
- Wheel mill
- Ravolzhausen
- Roth
- Rothenbergen
- Return
- Schächtelburg (today: municipality of Brachttal )
- Schlierbach
- Spielberg
- Streitberg
- Udenhain
- Unterreichenbach
- Untersotzbach
- Völzberg
- Waechtersbach
- Waldensberg
- Hamlet
- Wettges
- Wittgenborn
- Wolferborn
- Wüstwillenroth
With the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821, through which the state was divided into four provinces and 22 districts, the state received a new administrative structure. The principality as an administrative unit was dissolved. The functional successor was the province of Hanau . The name “Principality of Hanau” now only existed in the title of the ruling house.
Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I of Hesse-Kassel married the commoner Gertrude Lehmann - improperly . On June 2, 1853, he awarded her and her descendants from their marriage to him - with reference to the historical territorial unity of the Principality of Hanau - the title of “Prince or Prince of Hanau” .
Worth knowing
The rumor widespread in older literature that Count Philipp Reinhard von Hanau (1664–1712) had already acquired the title of prince is not true.
As a result of the regional reform in Hesse on July 1, 1974, the districts of Hanau , Gelnhausen and Schlüchtern and the independent city of Hanau were merged to form the new Main-Kinzig district , which covers almost the same area as the former principality of Hanau.
literature
- Carl Arnd: History of the Province of Hanau and the Lower Main Area . Hanau (Friedrich König) 1858.
- K. Henß: The area of the Hanauer Union . In: The Hanauer Union = Festschrift for the centenary of the Protestant-Union church community in the consistorial district of Cassel on May 28, 1918. Hanau 1918, pp. 49–51.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Art. 7 of the peace treaty between France and Prussia of July 9, 1807 [sole right of determination of the Emperor of the French and King of Italy over the constitutional relationships between the Rhine and Elbe], http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische- history / que / normal / que801.pdf
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^ Carl Arnd History of the Province of Hanau and the Lower Main Area of Hanau (Friedr. König) 1858, p. 356 f .;
§ 1 No. 4) of the ordinance of June 29, 1821 concerning the restructuring of the previous state administration. in collection of laws ec. for the Kurhessischen states, year 1821, no. XII, June; kurhess GS 1821, p. 29 - ↑ See: Reinhard Dietrich: The state constitution in the Hanauischen. The position of the lords and counts in Hanau-Münzenberg based on the archival sources (= Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 34). Hanau 1996, p. 129. ISBN 3-9801933-6-5