Breitenborn (Gründau)

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Breitenborn
Community of Gründau
Coordinates: 50 ° 15 ′ 46 ″  N , 9 ° 11 ′ 4 ″  E
Height : 157-415 m above sea level NN
Area : 18.72 km²
Residents : 1057  (June 30, 2017)
Population density : 56 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 63584
Area code : 06058
Breitenborn (Hesse)
Breitenborn

Location of Breitenborn in Hessen
Church in Breitenborn

Breitenborn is a district of the community of Gründau in the Hessian Main-Kinzig district .

Location, limits, size

The place is on the Vogelsberg in the Büdinger Forest (main unit 143 according to the list of natural units in Hesse ). The district of Gründau lies, like that of the Gettenbach district , entirely in the Büdinger Forest. The proportion of the forest in the district is more than 80%. The L 3271 runs past the southern outskirts as a bypass . Breitenborn borders in the north on the district of Büdinger core city, in the east on the districts Waldensberg , Wittgenborn and the core town Wächtersbach , in the south and west on the district of Gründau Gettenbach. The district covers 1881 ha (1390 ha of which is forest).

history

In the 16th century should breyden Born - so is the court records of several witch trials in Büdingen be found - a Hexentanzplatz have been.

The place was first mentioned in a document in 1605, when Wolfgang Ernst I, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen in Birstein , Burgrave of Gelnhausen , had a forester's yard built here.

Historical spellings of the place name

Even in the years of its establishment, Breitenborn is also known as Brydenborn , Brytenborn , Bryttenborn , Auf dem Breittenborn , Auf dem Breyden Born . After 1821, the (new) district division in Kurhessen , the village was named Breitenborn with the addition A. W. The addition stands for Amt Wächtersbach to distinguish it from the village of Breitenborn A. B., which is also in the Kurhessian district of Gelnhausen (here the addition stands for the Amt Bieber )

Glassmaker village

From 1639 the glassmaker Michael Wentzel built and operated a glassworks . After the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) the glassworks developed well, and in 1695 a branch was opened in the neighboring town of Gettenbach. Soon the first Stübing came from Northern Hesse and married the daughter of the glassworking master Beyer . From then on, the "Stübing" were entrepreneurs in glass production for around 170 years. Glass production peaked between 1680 and 1720 (up to a million drinking glasses annually).

After the Seven Years' War (1763) there was an increase in wood prices (wood partly for shipbuilding in the Netherlands). The prices of glassware rose accordingly. The first glass factories were established in Germany. a. in the Saarland the forerunners of the " United Von-Vopelius-Wentzel'schen Glashütten ", which later settled in St. Ingbert ( Wentzel was a master glassworker who emigrated from Breitenborn due to the economic decline). In the period that followed, a large number of residents migrated, e. B. "80 souls" to (Prussian) Pomerania , then a further number until 1767 (via Büdingen , the regional center of Russia emigration) to the south of Russia .

The glassworks closed in 1771, in 1774 Breitenborn recorded 64 families, including 13 widows, in 1855: 143 families with 618 inhabitants, 584 of them Protestant, 4 Catholic, 30 Jews (synagogue and cemetery in Gettenbach).

It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that the glass business was revived. A new name appears with the new tenant Beck. The Rentkammer in Büdingen concluded a contract with him for three years (1802-1804), which was later extended to 1826. The long-established master glassmakers Stübing and Trebing then went to Gettenbach (County of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz ) and operated a glassworks on the site of the later hunting lodge . It was not until 1829 that the Stübing brothers (Heinrich Ernst Stübing, Hoheitsschultheiß, and Philipp Ernst Stübing) signed a new lease agreement for the site in Breitenborn AW for four years, which was later extended for a further twelve years and in 1842 again for another twelve years. In a statistical survey by the then mayor from 1858, a glass factory with 30 workers is named.

Church history

Breitenborn was a Reformed village after its foundation by the Reformed sovereign Wolfgang Ernst and belonged to the parish in Büdingen until 1734. From 1734 to 1830 it was ecclesiastically assigned to Spielberg . Then it belonged to Waldensberg, a foundation of the Waldensians (religious refugees from the then southern French Piedmont, today Italy, the Chisone valley , the villages of Mentoulles , Fenestrelle and Usseaux as well as the Pragelas valley , who adhered to the pre-Reformation- Evangelical doctrine of Petrus Waldus from Lyon ). In 1856/57 the Protestant church was built from bricks . The village then belonged to the parish of the Evangelical Association Waldensberg-Breitenborn and since the beginning of 2017 the Evangelical Christians in Breitenborn belong to the parish Auf dem Berg .

Timber rights in the Büdinger Forest

Breitenborn was only founded around 1600; therefore it did not have the privilege of being forested from the Middle Ages . The village only got de facto equality in 1605 or later by Count Wolfgang Ernst (* 1560– † 1633). At the end of the 1870s and the beginning of the 1880s, there were disputes in the "forested" villages in the Büdinger Forest over the replacement of these authorizations - mostly hats - and timber rights, which had existed since the Middle Ages . B. for fattening pigs and cattle by driving cattle on drifts or the right to so-called primeval wood (non-forested wood in contrast to "forested" wood, the specially cultivated and / or cared for trees, also to construction and service wood for heating Churches and schools etc.). These were then and are still considered as real loads that can be entered in the land register ( Section II ) . In Prussia (Prussia had Kurhessen , to which Breitenborn A. W. belonged from 1816, occupied and annexed in 1866 ) there were separate commissions for this purpose , which tried to relieve the burdens through land or monetary compensation. The compensation is a municipal special fund to which only the beneficiaries are entitled (parish member assets , Section 119 of the Hessian municipal code ). Instead of monetary compensation, the municipality of Breitenborn AW received almost the entire manorial estate as land compensation , while the 900 acres ( Büdinger Maß ) Buchen-Hochwald were then unencumbered property of the princes of Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach . In 1950 the chronicler praised the success of the Breitenborn deputies in the village chronicle because of this advantageous arrangement for the community after the long negotiations ("Where would the money be today ... after 2 lost wars?").

The largest basalt quarry in the old federal states

In 1844 basalt was mined in a traditional way, from 1897 by an entrepreneur with several quarries, later this was carried out industrially by Mitteldeutsche Hartstein-Industrie AG . The basalt quarry Breitenborn A. W. (only referred to as the quarry in the village ) was one of the largest in Germany with 143 hectares. In the following period the company had up to 400 employees at times, in 1949 there were around 180. “In order to bring about the fast and as cheap as possible removal of the large production, a cable car 6.5 km in length as the crow flies from Breitenborn AW over the forest mountains hewn corridor to station Wächtersbach built. "Meanwhile, large parts are not used more or in some other way and before the restoration z. T. filled.

A site plan of the Royal Cartographic Institute in Berlin from 1858 shows the glassworks in the west and the development of a typical street village to the east.

Competition Our village should become more beautiful

In the 1960s, Breitenborn was able to win three prizes in the national competition Our village should become more beautiful .

Local bypass

On September 12, 1969, the new bypass road of the L 3271 from Hain-Gründau to Weiherhof in Wittgenborn was opened to traffic to relieve the local traffic.

Mayor Karl Gross

Since the beginning of May 2015, a memorial stone has been commemorating the work of the active and well-known mayor ( our village should become more beautiful , bypass road) Karl Groß (* 1907 † 1978, stone judge, trade unionist, persecuted by the Nazi regime, Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg concentration camp)
in the tribute His services for the village are particularly emphasized: the design of the mountain cemetery, the construction of a village community center with a kindergarten (with considerable self-help by the village population), the construction of the morgue and the first outdoor swimming pool in a small village in the Damiligen district.

Territorial reform and end of self-employment

The three villages in the Büdinger Forest, Breitenborn A. W., Gettenbach and Hain-Gründau had special relationships and "flowing borders" long before the regional reform in Hesse in the 1970s. The district boundaries have been corrected several times .

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent place came to the municipality of Gründau on December 31, 1971. He carried the official community name "Breitenborn, Amt Wächtersbach", which was also called "Breitenborn AW".

Population development from 1840 to 2010

Residents 1840 1855 1914 1919 1925 1933 1939 1948 1949 1961 1970 1972 1993 2010
Breitenborn AW 704 618 562 514 577 637 650 754 765 755 877 816 1115 1085

Breitenborn had (1949) taken in 136 displaced ethnic Germans from Hungary , Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and from areas east of the Oder-Neisse line as well as 37 evacuees.

Cultural monuments

See: List of cultural monuments in Gründau # Breitenborn

Community public bodies

The following public facilities can be found in the village:

economy

An investor ( Renertec GmbH , Brachttal), who built wind turbines (WKA) (twelve "wind turbines" with a hub height of up to 140 m and a hub height of up to 140 m ) on the eastern edge of the two neighboring Gründau markings (at the Vier Fichten 406.2 m above sea level) as early as 2013 a rotor diameter of 110 m on both sides of the municipal boundaries of Gründau and Wächtersbach ), further plants are planned: Five more wind turbines are planned on the Hammelsberg (415.6 m above sea level) adjacent to the Vier Fichten. According to the overview published by the Darmstadt Regional Council in July 2018, there are another five "wind turbines", the highest in southern Hesse (five with a height of 240 m = nominal output 5.3 megawatts or - alternatively - 241 m height = nominal output 4.2 megawatts) in the The district of Breitenborn has been applied for.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Breitenborn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Budget plan of the community of Gründau 2014. (PDF) (No longer available online.) P. 4 , archived from the original ; accessed in October 2018 .
  2. ↑ "Facts and Figures" on the website of the community of Gründau, accessed in October 2018.
  3. ^ Heinrich P. Göbel: Von der Glashütte zum Dorf Breitenborn, A social-scientific study on the development history of a village , first part 1600–1700, reprinted in: Grindaha, Annual Issues of the Gründau History Association, Issue 1, 1987 pp. 59–78
  4. ^ Wilhelm Bührmann: Chronicle of the community of Breitenborn AW, An economic, social, contemporary and cultural history , Breitenborn A. W. 1949, p. 11
  5. ^ Heinrich P. Göbel: The Breitenborn glassworks . In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Gelnhäuser Heimat-Jahrbuch - 1998 -, Gelnhausen 1997, pp. 36–38
  6. ^ Herbert Kühnert, Helga Mann, Ruth Wentzel: Chronicle of the glass master family Wentzel , self-published, Saarbrücken 1987
  7. ↑ EC Walther (formerly Prussian Consul in Odessa) The German Colonies in South Russia in: Wilhelm Stricker (Ed.), Germania - Archive for Knowledge of the German Element in All Countries of the World, Third Volume, Frankfurt am Main (Verlag von Heinrich Ludwig Brönner) 1850, p. 408 [417–420]
    Map of the emigration flows: http://www.arwela.info/8auswanderung.pdf and archive link ( Memento from May 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Jürgen Ackermann Debt, Reich Debit Management, Mediatization - A Study of the Financial Problems of the Inferior Estates in the Old Reich, The Example of the County of Ysenburg-Büdingen 1687–1806 Writings of the Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies 40, self-published, Marburg: 2002 p. 151 ISBN 3 -921254-93-0
  9. ^ Wilhelm Bührmann: Chronicle of the community Breitenborn A. W., An economic, social, time and cultural history, Breitenborn A. W. 1949 , p. 14 f.
  10. ↑ Mayor Ewig Statistical survey by Breitenborn District Wächtersbach from February 4, 1858…, in: Grindaha issue 21, annual issues of the Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2011, p. 5 ff.
  11. ↑ Mayor Ewig Statistical survey by Breitenborn Amts Wächtersbach from February 4, 1858 (transcription by Wilfried Günther based on the files of the Hessian State Archives Marburg, H3 82 Wächtersbach), in: Grindaha Heft 21, annual books of the Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2011, p. 18
  12. ^ Wilhelm Bührmann: Chronicle of the community Breitenborn AW ... , p. 20
  13. ↑ http://www.kirchenkreis-gelnhausen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=80&Itemid=220
  14. ↑ http://www.kirchenkreis-gelnhausen.de/gelnhausen-kirchengemeinden/gruendau/auf-dem-berg2
  15. ^ Karl Bode: Authorizations of the citizens of Breitenborn in and in the princely forests and their replacement . In: Grindaha 13, publications of the history association Gründau e. V., Gründau 2003 pp. 71-80
  16. ↑ On the prehistory of the replacement of these real burdens by recesses with the "25 municipalities authorized in the Büdinger Walde " of the Meerholzer share in the 19th century: Eduard Ellenberger (MdL): Memorandum on the replacement of authorizations in the Büdinger Walde , Büdingen 1876, 176 pages
  17. ↑ Robert Blum (MdN), ed., Volksthümliches Handbook of Political Science and Politics, A State Lexicon for the Whole People , Leipzig 1848, keyword "Replacement"
  18. ^ Karl Bode: Authorizations of the citizens of Breitenborn in and in the princely forests and their replacement . In: Grindaha, Issue 13, Annual Issues of the Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2003, pp. 71-80 ff.
  19. ↑ Mayor Ewig: Statistical survey by Breitenborn District Wächtersbach from February 4, 1858 ... In: Grindaha issue 21, annual books of the Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2011, p. 14 ff.
  20. ^ Karl Groß in Wilhelm Bührmann: Chronicle of the community Breitenborn AW ... , p. 53
  21. ↑ On the details in the recesses and the replacement: Karl Bode: Permissions of the citizens of Breitenborn to and in the princely forests and their replacement , in: Grindaha, Jahreshefte des Geschichtsverein Gründau, Heft 13, 2003, p. 71 ff.
  22. ^ Wilhelm Bührmann: Chronicle of the community Breitenborn A. W. ... , p. 28 f.
  23. ↑ Klaus von Berg: local plan of Breitenborn in map of the Gründau area and local plans (1858) , in: Grindaha 1 (changed edition), annual books of the Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 1993, p. 52
  24. ↑ Large memorial stone at www.gruendau.de
  25. ↑ Stone memory remains a memorial stone for honorary mayor. In: Gelnhäuser Tageblatt of May 5, 1915, p. 24; Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung from May 5, 2015
  26. ^ Georg Rösch: Karl Groß . In: Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hauptverwaltungsstelle Gelnhausen (ed.) Between Vogelsberg and Spessart , Heimat-Jahrbuch 1979, annual calendar for family and home in town and country, Gelnhausen 1978, p. 21
  27. ↑ Heinrich Georg Semmel: On the course of the former state borders between today's districts of Hain-Gründau on the one hand, Breitenborn, Gettenbach, Lieblos and Mittel-Gründau on the other in: Grindaha, issue 25, Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2015 p. 143 ff. ISSN  2194-8631
  28. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 362 .
  29. ↑ R. Heuchert and Martin Schäfer number table about the population and the economic conditions of our home district in: Heimatbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen, 3rd edition, Gelnhausen 1950, p. 253
  30. ↑ Georg Rösch overview of the community administration of the Gelnhausen district in: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1950 - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen district - Gelnhausen 1949, p. 98
  31. ↑ Mayor Ewig Statistical survey by Breitenborn Amts Wächtersbach from February 4, 1858 ..., p. 5 ff.
  32. ↑ Erwin Rückriegel residents of the villages of the parish Auf dem Berg in 1219–1994, 775 years of Mittel-Gründau - festive days June 4th and 5th, Mittel-Gründau 1994, p. 40
  33. ↑ Twelve wind turbines planned on the four spruces - Renertec wants to generate renewable energy in the Büdinger Forest. In: Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) from January 18, 2012; Wind power is taking shape. In: Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) of September 24, 2011.
  34. ↑ Gründau argues about wind power. In: Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) from June 23, 2018.
  35. ↑ Darmstadt Regional Council: Overview of all wind turbines operated, approved and applied for in the Darmstadt administrative region with a total height of more than 50 m from July 12, 2018