Gelnhausen district

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The Gelnhausen district is a former district ; it existed as a territorial unit of internal administration (later also as a self-governing body ) from 1822 to 1946; its territory belonged to Kurhessen (Hessen-Kassel) from 1822 to 1866 and to the Prussian monarchy from 1866 to 1918 (from 1868 to the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau ), and from 1918 to 1945 to the Free State of Prussia (further to the province of Hessen-Nassau until 1944 ; 1944/45 to the province of Nassau ) and from September 1945 to the state of Greater Hesse and from 1946 to 1974 to the state of Hesse. His successor, after 1946 the district of Gelnhausen (1946 to 1974), forms with the two neighboring districts Hanau (in the west) and Schlüchtern (in the east) and the independent city of Hanau as a result of the territorial reform in Hesse, the Main-Kinzig district in the southeast of what is today Hessen . The name was derived from the district town of Gelnhausen (this has been the seat of the district administration again since 2005, but now that of the Main-Kinzig district).

geography

Location, limits, size

Since the district changed its location, borders and size several times in the 19th century due to the loss and gain of communities, the only unchanged feature that can be recorded is its location on the southern border between Kurhessen and Bavaria ( Hanau province ). In 1945 it reached from Vogelsberg in the north to the Bavarian border in the south in today's Hesse and covered an area of ​​640  km² with 73 communities.

Neighboring areas

From the beginning (1821) to the end (1945) the district bordered the Hanau district (from 1886 Hanau district ) in the west, and the later Büdingen and Lauterbach districts (from 1939 Büdingen district and Lauterbach district ) in the Grand Duchy of Hesse (from 1919 People's State of Hesse ) and the Schlüchtern district (all in today's Hesse) as well as to the (from 1802 regional court districts, from 1862 districts and from 1939 districts) Gemünden am Main , Lohr am Main and Alzenau in Lower Franconia (all in Bavaria ).

Seat of the district administration

At the beginning (1821) the seat of the district administration was in Meerholz (in the building of the former Earl of Ysenburg rent chamber ). A district administration did not exist, it was (Kurhessen) the district office , a district there was not, its functions fulfilled the county council (§ ff 87th of the electoral regulation on the transformation of the former state administration concerning ). Later, the district administration moved to Gelnhausen, in the house of Stadtschreiberei No. 8 (former branch of the Knights Templar , later a Franciscan monastery). The district administration remained there until 1907, individual positions until 1916. From 1888 to 1897, the district savings bank was on the lower floor of the building. On August 22, 1907, the new one was Kreishaus in Barbarossastraße passed 20 of his determination. In 1967, they moved into a new five-storey administrative building built on the property, which was to be the first section of a larger complex of buildings (including an eleven-storey high-rise, which was not implemented).

The district area from 1822 until the district was dissolved in 1849

District area from 1822 to 1829

Municipalities and district boundary of the former Hessian district of Gelnhausen 1822–1829

The district of Gelnhausen became a territorial unit of the Electorate of Hesse with effect from January 1, 1822 according to an electoral ordinance (Section 137) following the separation of the judiciary (Sections 36 ff. Of the Ordinance) and administration (Sections 58 ff. Of the Ordinance) established for internal administration. The ordinance on the new organization of state administration divided the national territory into four provinces, each province was again divided into circles (§ 1) ( Niederhessen into ten, Oberhessen , Fulda and Hanau into four each).

At that time, after the territorial division by the ordinance of August 30, 1821 on the new territorial division, the Gelnhausen district included:

The Gelnhausen district had 18,168 inhabitants.

The 39 communities of the Gelnhausen district from 1822 to 1829
Altenhaßlau Gelnhausen Castle Gelnhausen (city) Haitz Langenselbold Sea wood Niedermittlau Roth
Altenmittlau Buttocks Gettenbach Horbach Lanzingen Mosborn Niedergründau Rothenbergen
Bernbach Flörsbach Gondsroth Buttocks Loveless Neuenhaßlau Ravolzhausen Return
Beaver Alleys m. Büchelbach
(1928 to Bieber) 		Grossenhausen Kempfenbrunn Lohrhaupten News Röhrig
(1928 to Bieber) 		Somborn
Breitenborn A. B. Geislitz Hailer Langendiebach Lützelhausen Neuwiedermus Rossbach

Enlargement of the district area in 1830

Constitution, civil servants and soldiers law and municipal code

The July Revolution of 1830 not only produced new kings in Europe (France, Belgium, Greece), but also new constitutions, also in Electoral Hesse. The constitutional charter granted by January 5, 1831, many citizens rights, a parliament, an independent judiciary and a constitutional oath: civil servants, judges and soldiers swore not only the Elector, but also the Constitution, the fidelity (which many of them 20 years later should bring serious conflicts of conscience in the constitutional conflict in the state of Hesse). Section 42 of the constitutional charter guaranteed a community order , the free election of (community) board members and (community) representatives (albeit with two-tier voting rights ), the independent administration of the community's assets and local institutions. The co-ruling electoral prince enacted this, for his time, very modern regulation with the magistrate's constitution .

Territorial reform

Municipalities and district boundaries of the Gelnhausen district 1830–1866

After just eight years, the north-eastern neighboring district of Salmünster was dissolved on January 1, 1830 : The noble princely Isenburg office of Birstein and the noble county of Ysenburg office of Wächtersbach came to the district of Gelnhausen, but the noble princely Isenburg office of Langenselbold was separated and moved to the west Neighboring district Hanau incorporated.

The 31 municipalities incorporated into the Gelnhausen district from the dissolved Salmünster district in 1830
Birstein Helfersdorf Catholic Willenroth Mouse angle Wheel mill Udenhain Wächtersbach (city) Wittgenborn
Buttocks Hellstein Kirchbracht Neuenschmidten Schlierbach Unterreichenbach Waldensberg Wolferborn
Breitenborn A. W. Hesseldorf Leisenwald Oberreichenbach Spielberg Untersotzbach Hamlet Wüstwillenroth
Fischborn Hettersroth Lichen red Obersotzbach Streitberg Völzberg Wettges

At the same time, the Langenselbold office with the following six communities was separated from the Gelnhausen district and incorporated into the Hanau district: Hüttengesäß , Langendiebach , Langenselbold , Neuwiedermuß , Ravolzhausen , Rückingen .

Enlargement of the district area in 1840

In 1840, the district area only expanded slightly through the incorporation of an estate district in the south of the district area: the estate district Hüttelngesäß in the Kahlgrund . The area was incorporated into the district of the village of Neuses (Freigericht) .

The dissolution of the district in 1849 and its restoration in 1851

On October 31, 1848, as a result of the German Revolution, the district of Gelnhausen was dissolved (by a law of the estates and the elector) and incorporated into the newly formed district of Hanau . Nine districts were formed in the Electorate of Hesse for the internal state administration . One of the districts was Hanau (consisting of the then District Court Hanau and the offices mountains , Bockenheim, Praunheim, Windecken , Langenselbold, Gelnhausen, Bieber , Birstein, sea timber , Wächtersbach, Schlüchtern , Ramholz, Romsthal, Salmünster, Blackrock and Steinau . This corresponded in around the area of ​​today's Main-Kinzig district (excluding the Orb district court, which was Bavarian until 1866 ) and the places Gronau, Vilbel and Massenheim in today's Wetterau district and that of today's northern Frankfurt districts (Bergen-Enkheim, Berkersheim, Bockenheim, Eckenheim, Eschersheim, Fechenheim, Ginnheim, Griesheim, Hausen, Praunheim, Nied and Seckbach) ).

On July 7, 1851, the Hanau district was dissolved after the suppression of the revolution in the reaction era and the Kurhessian constitutional conflict and the Gelnhausen district was restored to its old extent. In the ordinance of the elector it says: "The division of the electoral state into counties and provinces, which existed until February 1st, 1849, takes effect again for the internal state administration ..."

Prussia - The district in the new administrative district of Kassel 1867

The fall of Kurhessen in 1866

The electorate was defeated in the war between Prussia and the German Confederation ( German War , formerly also known as the Prussian-Austrian War). With the law of September 20, 1866, the electorate was united with the Prussian monarchy ( annexation ); the possession takes place on October 3rd, 1866. Since a new Prussian province with corresponding administrative districts was only to emerge in the future, the four provinces of the Electorate of Hesse initially continued to exist. But only a few months later, on February 22nd, 1867, the King of Prussia decreed: “From the former Electorate of Hesse, the previously Bavarian territorial parts, Gersfeld district office and Orb district without aura , from the previous Grand Ducal Hessian district of Vöhl , including the Eimelrod enclaves and Höringhausen , an administrative district is formed under the name "Administrative Region Kassel". ”However, the former Orb district retained the Bavarian municipal constitutional law that was valid in 1866 until the end of March 1886.

Kassel administrative district

The new (Prussian) administrative district Kassel was divided into 23 districts, u. a. the district of Gelnhausen, it comprised the former Hessian district of Gelnhausen with the previously Bavarian (regional court) district of Orb. The previous Prussian civil commissioners for Kurhessen and Nassau became regional presidents in Kassel and Wiesbaden. The amalgamation of the two administrative districts in the province of Hessen-Nassau was completed on December 22, 1868; Eduard von Möller became the chief president based in Kassel .

Enlargement by the (Bavarian) district of Orb

Municipalities and the district boundary of the Gelnhausen district from 1866–1946. Orange border line: Orb district (municipalities with special status) from 1866 to 1886
The twelve municipalities of the Bavarian Orb district that belonged to the Gelnhausen district after the German War in 1866
Alsberg Exactly Burgjoss Maximum kassel Lettgenbrunn Mernes Neudorf Oberndorf Pfaffenhausen Wirtheim Orb (city)

Bavaria, which was on the losing side in the German War in 1866 , had to cede the area of ​​the former district court Orb to the Prussian monarchy with the exception of Aura (these were the places Aura , Deutelbach , Mittel- and Obersinn ) . The cession of the formerly Bavarian territories was based on the peace treaty between the King of Prussia and the King of Bavaria, which was concluded in Berlin on August 22, 1866 (Article XIV. Border description attached to the treaty with regard to the Orb district ). The aura, which also belongs to the Orb district, remained in Bavaria. It was the last expansion of the district.

In the new Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau (administrative district of Cassel) the ceded area became part of the Gelnhausen district, but was retained as the "Orb district" until March 31, 1886, in particular under municipal constitutional law (e.g. the previous Bavarian municipal code continued to apply), a special status.

District, administrative district and provincial law reform 1886

The districts in Kurhessen and Prussia were initially territorial units for internal administration (there was almost only self-administration in the cities and municipalities), but the reform of local law in the 1867/68 and 1886 local associations at the district level and in almost all Prussian provinces brought higher local associations ( Provincial parliament of the province of Hessen-Nassau and municipal parliament for the administrative district of Kassel ), whose decision -making bodies were formed by members of the lower municipal associations. In the province of Hessen-Nassau and the administrative district of Kassel, to which the district of Gelnhausen belonged, the legal basis was the provincial order; The district order was also reformed.

Only in 1920 modern democratic elections in the new "German Reich" (Weimar Republic)

The First World War and the revolution of 1918 brought a lot of suffering and, after the "state upheaval" of 1918/19, also a lot of hope, but not too much changed in the administrative organization. The boundaries of the district and the internal structures of the administration remained almost unchanged. It was not until 1920 that general, equal, secret, and direct elections for deputies took place.

The Circle in the National Socialist State (1933–1945)

Leader principle in the community ...

Two years after the “seizure of power”, the National Socialists undertook the municipal constitution and, with the German municipal code, issued a set of regulations that contained the legal anchoring of the Führer principle as an essential political orientation . It eliminated the civic participation in the decisions of the community leadership. In the official justification for the German municipal code (in the Reichsanzeiger No. 25-28 of 1935) it says: “The legal consequences of the Führer principle are that will formation and execution (leadership and implementation) are in one hand and that therefore all communal forms of administration that conflict with this (Unicameral system, bicameral system, mayor's constitution, etc.) are to be eliminated without exception. ... However, according to the essence of the Führer principle , the participation of the citizens is to be converted to the independent advice of the leader of the community. "

... but not in a circle, but ...

However, these principles were not carried over to the district constitution. This was not absolutely necessary for the National Socialist leadership, because the district administrators were already disposable officials (later: political officials ) before 1933 , who could be transferred at any time without justification (including waiting, later: temporary retirement). The district council only had the right to propose new appointments. Nevertheless, the (Prussian) district order was changed for the first time after almost 50 years on July 17, 1933; In December, the district committees were dissolved, and the district administrator was given their responsibilities and powers. As a result, the leader principle should also be enforced at the district level - without major changes to the legal regulations. In political science, however, opposing views are voiced: the NSDAP or the NS state did not consciously destroy the "local self-government", but it was "nazified by the bourgeois elite themselves and aligned in the interests of the NS state". "Officials and executives would have voluntarily joined the NSDAP out of opportunism and aligned their professional positions with its goals."

... a National Socialist as district administrator.

One month after the local elections on March 8, 1933, District Administrator Conrad Delius resigned “voluntarily”, and the Prussian authorities responsible appointed Wilhelm Kausemann, the district leader of the NSDAP, as his successor.

War economy and territorial reform 1944

“In order to adapt the administrative districts in the area of ​​the Hesse-Nassau province to the Reich Defense Districts”, the Führer decided by decree to dissolve the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau with effect from July 1, 1944. Its area was divided into the newly created Prussian provinces of Nassau and Kurhessen . At the same time, the district with the district of Hanau and the district of Schlüchtern was reclassified into the Wiesbaden administrative district of the newly formed Nassau province .

Construction in the new state of Hesse 1945/46

“Even before the victorious powers took over public authority in Germany in the Berlin Declaration of June 5, 1945, the occupying power began to set up a military administration under occupation law and a German civil administration alongside one another with mayors and district administrators appointed by it in what is now the state of Hesse . From the second half of April 1945, the establishment of an administration was extended to the level of the administrative districts. ”The American occupation authorities resorted to the old administrative districts and had already installed Hans Bredow as regional president in the Wiesbaden administrative district on May 1, 1945 . The supreme commander of the American armed forces in Europe proclaimed on September 19, 1945 for the American zone u. a. the state of Greater Hesse , on October 15, 1945, the Greater Hessian state government began its work in Wiesbaden. The district of Gelnhausen remained with the Wiesbaden administrative district and was part of the new state, initially Greater Hesse and, from 1946, Hesse .

District or county?

The Hessian / Prussian territorial unit never referred to itself as a district . Although there could be after the Hessian legal since 1946/52 counties, was the official name of its founding in 1821 long after the post-war district regulations (as in cure Hessen and Prussia until 1945 standard) circuit . Only in those districts whose district town was independent (formed a separate urban district, e.g. in the western neighboring district of Hanau), the term district became common, but this was not the case with the district of Gelnhausen. The regulation that came into force on January 1, 1939 for numerous municipal associations in the German Reich did not apply in Prussia (to which the district belonged until the end of the war in 1945), where they were still called districts. In the state of Greater Hesse, created by the occupying power in 1945, and later Hesse, a district order (not a district order) was issued, but section 1 of the law already mentions districts (which is not maintained in the further legal text). It was not until the law of February 25, 1952 that it was referred to as the Hessian District Code (HKO), but it also did not consistently speak of the district, mostly only of the district (with later changes in the law, it became the district until 1981, the majority of the Hessian districts used this designation in but not her name).

Population development from 1821 to 1950

Residents 1821 1830 1885 1890 1900 1910 1925 1939 1950
Gelnhausen district 18,168 28,885 41,057 41,773 43,818 47,731 51,223 54.051 79,978

politics

District administrators

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved by the Prussian State Ministry on August 18, 1937.

Blazon : “Divided by gold and red; above a red armored black eagle with a silver breastplate, inside a black bar, below a six-spoke silver wheel. "

The upper half of the shield corresponds to the current coat of arms of the district town. The former free imperial city of Gelnhausen usually carried the one-headed imperial eagle. However, the bar sign, which has been documented since around 1400, is to be regarded as the actual urban symbol. The wheel is the coat of arms of the Archbishopric Mainz. In the district coat of arms it reminds of the growing power position of the electoral state in the district, especially in the Orbtal and Joßgrund, later also in the free court and in the Aufenau rule . After secularization, the Electorate of Hesse and Bavaria became his heirs.

The coat of arms was designed by State Archives Councilor Otto Korn .

Communities

Evacuees, refugees and displaced persons, new citizens after the end of the war

During the Second World War, evacuees came mainly from the large cities of the Rhine-Main area to the district area. The state of Hesse - like the other states of the American occupation zone - accepted a relatively large number of new citizens; In the municipalities of the district, the population grew - depending on location and transport links - between 20% and 40%.

Population of the municipalities of the district before the Second World War (1939) and after flight and displacement (1949)

Inhabitants of the communities in the Gelnhausen district (as of 1939 and 1949)

local community Inhabitants 1939 Inhabitants 1949
Alsberg 226 383
Altenhaßlau 1155 1855
Altenmittlau 1109 1579
Exactly 690 1063
Bernbach 846 1154
Beaver 1345 1983
Birstein 1044 1782
Buttocks 46 66
Breitenborn AB 166 315
Breitenborn AW 650 754
Burgjoss 436 692
Buttocks 815 1123
Fischborn 403 570
Flörsbach 360 530
Geislitz 619 875
Gelnhausen 5701 8134
Gettenbach 152 289
Gondsroth 475 820
Grossenhausen 342 630
Hailer 975 1641
Haitz 456 585
Helfersdorf 142 207
Hellstein 450 590
Hesseldorf 279 432
local community Inhabitants 1939 Inhabitants 1949
Hettersroth 332 498
Maximum 921 1225
Horbach 786 1060
kassel 1344 1695
Catholic Willenroth 235 319
Kempfenbrunn 542 734
Kirchbracht 258 380
Lanzingen 234 448
Leisenwald 421 600
Lichen red 386 624
Loveless 1306 1937
Lohrhaupten 840 1176
Lützelhausen 386 523
Mernes 450 952
Sea wood 1022 2049
Mouse angle 274 366
Mosborn 70 110
Neudorf 270 414
Neuenhaßlau 1100 1623
Neuenschmidten 492 652
News 1381 1850
Niedergründau 822 1096
Niedermittlau 1102 1672
Oberndorf 805 1144
local community Inhabitants 1939 Inhabitants 1949
Oberreichenbach 238 362
Obersotzbach 805 550
Bad Orb 5321 7187
Pfaffenhausen 685 785
Wheel mill 188 277
Rossbach 376 605
Roth 1121 1600
Rothenbergen 1011 1405
Schlierbach 960 1437
Somborn 2715 4029
Spielberg 495 688
Streitberg 252 380
Udenhain 702 748
Unterreichenbach 385 617
Untersotzbach 348 510
Völzberg 170 238
Waechtersbach 1567 2958
Waldensberg 415 437
Hamlet 211 326
Wettges 135 171
Wirtheim 904 1298
Wittgenborn 730 975
Wolferborn 746 996
Wüstwillenroth 190 327

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Rösch: The first administration building in 1821. - Administration building of the district of Gelnhausen over the course of 150 years. In: 150 Years of the Gelnhausen District - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen District 1971 - Annual calendar for families and homes in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart. Gelnhausen 1970, p. 73
  2. ↑ Ordinance of June 29, 1821 on the restructuring of the previous state administration , in (collection of laws, ordinances, notices and other general orders for Kurhessen from the year 1821, court and orphanage printer, Cassel) kurhess GS 1821, p. 29 -62 ; also in: Wilhelm Möller and Karl Fuchs (eds.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1860. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Marburg and Leipzig 1866, pp. 311–351
  3. ↑ Georg Rösch: The old district office. - Administration building of the Gelnhausen district over the course of 150 years. In: 150 Years of the Gelnhausen District - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen District 1971 - Annual calendar for families and homes in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart. Gelnhausen 1970, p. 74
  4. ↑ Georg Rösch The old district office - administration building of the Gelnhausen district for 150 years. In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 10 years homeland yearbook of the Gelnhausen district 1958; Gelnhausen 1957, p. 54
  5. ↑ Georg Rösch: Today's district house. - Administration building of the Gelnhausen district over the course of 150 years. In: 150 Years of the Gelnhausen District - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen District 1971 - Annual calendar for families and homes in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart. Gelnhausen 1970, p. 75 f.
  6. ↑ Georg Rösch A new district office? - Trying to find a solution in the long term . In: 150 Years of the Gelnhausen District - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen District 1971 - Annual calendar for families and homes in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart. Gelnhausen 1970, p. 77 f.
  7. ↑ Ordinance of June 29, 1821 on the restructuring of the previous state administration , in (collection of laws, ordinances, notices and other general orders for Kurhessen from the year 1821, court and orphanage printer, Cassel) kurhess GS 1821, p. 29 -62; also in: Wilhelm Möller and Karl Fuchs (eds.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1860. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Marburg and Leipzig 1866, pp. 311–351
  8. ↑ In: Collection of laws, ordinances, announcements and other general orders for Kurhessen from 1821, Hof- und Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Cassel, kurhess GS 1821, pp. 69–76
  9. ^ Thomas Klein: Outline of the German administrative history 1815-1845 . Row A: Prussia. Volume 11: Hessen-Nassau including predecessor states. Marburg 1979, p. 110
  10. ^ Norbert Breunig: The gentlemen in Gründau - The Ysenburger as gentlemen in Gründau from 1806 to 1866 . In: Grindaha, Issue 27, publications of the Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2017 p. 1 ff. ISSN 2194-8631
  11. ^ Ordinance of August 30, 1821 on the new territorial division. In a collection of laws, ordinances, invitations to tender and other general orders for Kurhessen from 1821, Hof- und Orphanage Printing House, Cassel kurhess GS 1821 p. 76
  12. ^ Thomas Klein: Outline of the German administrative history 1815-1845 . Row A: Prussia. Volume 11: Hessen-Nassau including predecessor states. Marburg 1979, p. 110.
  13. ↑ constitutional document of January 5, 1831 kurhess GS 1831 pp. 1–27 ; also in Wilhelm Möller, Carl Fuchs (ed.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the former Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1866. Elwert, Marburg and Leipzig 1867, pp. 818–845
  14. ↑ § 13 State Service Act of March 8, 1831. In: Collection of laws, ordinances, notices and other general orders for Kurhessen from the year 1831 (Hof- und Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Cassel) kurhessGS 1831 pp. 69–91 ; also in Wilhelm Möller, Carl Fuchs (ed.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the former Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1866. Elwert, Marburg and Leipzig 1867, pp. 856–878
  15. ↑ From October 23, 1834 ( kurhessGS ) 1834 pp. 181–214; also in Wilhelm Möller, Carl Fuchs (Hrsg.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the former Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1866. Elwert, Marburg and Leipzig 1867, pp. 1043-1081
  16. ↑ On the details of this municipal constitution applicable to all cities and municipalities, Norbert Breunig: Die Kurhessische Gemeindeordnung von 1834. In: Grindaha, Heft 22, Jahreshefte des Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2012, ISSN  2194-8631 , pp. 105-120
  17. ↑ Announcement of the State Ministry of November 23, 1829, because of the change of the district division in the province of Hanau , collection of laws etc. for Kurhessen ( Kurhess GS) 1829 p. 80
  18. ↑ Law, the formation of new administrative districts and the introduction of district councils on October 31, 1848 and the corresponding ordinance of December 22, 1848, collection of laws, ordinances, tenders and other general orders for Kurhessen ( kurhess GS) 1848 p. 237 ff . and 277 ff.
  19. ↑ Section 1, Paragraph 1, No. 7 of the Act of October 31, 1848, concerning the formation of new administrative districts and the introduction of district councils (collection of laws, ordinances, announcements and other general orders for Kurhessen, Kurhess GS 1848 pp. 237–244 ).
  20. ↑ Section 1, Paragraph 1 of the ordinance of July 7, 1851, concerning the restructuring of the internal state administration (collection of laws, ordinances, tenders and other general orders for Kurhessen, Kurhess GS 1851 pp. 27–31).
  21. ^ Law on the unification of the Kingdom of Hanover, the Electorate of Hesse, the Duchy of Nassau and the Free City of Frankfurt with the Prussian Monarchy of September 20, 1866, Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States ( Prussian GS) 1866 p. 555 f.
  22. ^ Patent for taking possession of the former Electorate of Hesse from October 3, 1866, Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States ( prussian GS), 1866, p. 594 ff.
  23. ↑ § 1 sentence 1 of the ordinance concerning the organization of the administrative authorities in the former Electorate of Hesse, in the former Duchy of Nassau, in the formerly free city of Frankfurt and in the previously Bavarian and Grand Ducal Hessian areas. From February 22, 1867 (Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States ( prussian GS), 1867 p. 273)
  24. ↑ § 3 No. 19 of the ordinance concerning the organization of the administrative authorities in the former Electorate of Hesse, in the former Duchy of Nassau, in the formerly free city of Frankfurt and in the previously Bavarian and Grand Ducal Hessian areas. From February 22, 1867 (Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States ( prussian GS), 1867 p. 273)
  25. ↑ Paul Hupach How the Regional Court District Orb came to Prussia In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen 1964, Der Landrat des Kreis Gelnhausen, Gelnhausen 1963, p. 47 f.
  26. ^ Peace treaty between Prussia and Bavaria . verassungen.de. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  27. ↑ Annex to Article XIV. Of the peace treaty concluded between Prussia and Bavaria of August 22, 1866: Territorial parts to be ceded by Bavaria ... II. Regional Court Orb without aura [with 9.109 inhabitants] ... ad. II. Border line of the area to be ceded in the Orber brush in Lower Franconia.
    The north-west and south borders of the territory coincide with the previous Bavarian state border. The eastern border is formed by the eastern borders of the municipalities of Mernes, Burgjoss (with the exception of the hamlet Deutelbach), Oberndorf and Pfaffenhausen, so that the eastern half of the Burgjoss forest district remains on the Bavarian side.
    The new state border therefore begins at the border of the Josswald north-east of Rosskopf, runs over the Königsberg and Schönberg in the Auragrund, north of it over the Steiniger, Hanauer and Stamigerberg and reaches the former state border south of Stackenberg.
  28. ^ Paul Hupach Last area expansion of the Gelnhausen district - Bismarck saw a political need in this In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Heimat-Jahrbuch for the Gelnhausen district 1967. Gelnhausen 1966, p. 29 f.
  29. ↑ § 3 No. 19 of the ordinance concerning the organization of administrative authorities in the former Electorate of Hesse, in the former Duchy Nassau, in the formerly free city of Frankfurt and in the previously Bavarian and Grand-Ducal Hessian territories of February 22, 1867, No. 6563 in the Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States ( preußGS ), p. 273 and the Supreme Order, concerning the establishment of special administrative offices for the former Grand Ducal Hessian District of Vöhl and the former Bavarian District of Orb of June 24, 1867, Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States (No. 6753); preußGS p. 1261; This special status was repealed with effect from April 1, 1886 by Section 1, Paragraph 3 of the District Code for the Province of Hessen-Nassau of June 7, 1885, No. 9071 in the Law Collection for the Royal Prussian States ( preußGS ), p. 193 f.
  30. ^ Provincial order for the province of Hessen-Nassau of June 8, 1885, collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States ( prussian GS) 1985 p. 242
  31. ↑ District regulation of June 7, 1885, collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States ( prussia GS) 1885 p. 193
  32. ^ Law on the elections to the provincial and district parliaments of December 3, 1920
  33. ^ Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , pp. 35-36.
  34. ↑ Harry Goetz: Die Deutsche Gemeindeordnung from January 30, 1935 text edition processed, 9th edition, (Kohlhammer) Stuttgart-Berlin 1941, p. 337 f.
  35. ^ Georg Fuchs: The district administrator - career paths, position, management and understanding of office , (VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften) Wiesbaden 2012, p. 62, ISBN 978-3-531-19507-0
  36. ↑ Leader's decree on the formation of the provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau of April 1, 1944, Reichsgesetzblatt (RGBl.) 1944 I p. 109
  37. ↑ Section 5 (1) of the Fuehrer's decree on the formation of the provinces of Kurhessen and Nassau of April 1, 1944, Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I (RGBl.) I 1944 p. 109
  38. ↑ Declaration in view of the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme governmental power with regard to Germany from June 5, 1945, Official Gazette (OJ) of the Control Council in Germany, supplementary sheet no
  39. ^ Jochen Lengemann : The Hesse Parliament 1946–1986. Biographical manual of the advisory state committee of the state assembly advising the constitution of Greater Hesse and the Hessian state parliament 1. – 11. Election period, Frankfurt am Main (Insel) 1986, p. 15
  40. ↑ Art. 1 of Proclamation No. 2 of September 19, 1945, also: http://www.verfassungen.de/de/bw/proklamation2-45.htm
  41. ^ Basic State Law of the State of Greater Hesse of November 22, 1945, (Law and Ordinance Gazette) GVBl. 1945 p. 23, also: http://www.verfassungen.de/de/he/hessen45.htm
  42. ↑ Section 1, Paragraph 3 of the Third Ordinance on the Rebuilding of the Reich of November 28, 1938, (Reichsgesetzblatt) RGBl. 1938 I p. 1675 ; The regulation only applied in Anhalt, Baden, Bavaria, Braunschweig, in the People's State of Hesse, in Oldenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Württemberg.
  43. ^ District regulation for the state of Greater Hesse , law of January 24, 1946 (Law and Ordinance Gazette, GVBl. 1946 p. 101), in force from May 13, 1946 to May 4, 1952
  44. ↑ Eckhart G. Franz : Historical development of the Gelnhausen district. In: 150 Years of the Gelnhausen District - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Gelnhausen District 1971 - Annual calendar for families and homes in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart. Gelnhausen 1970, pp. 29-35
  45. ↑ § 1, Paragraph 2: For the administration of the districts, the district offices are reestablished under the designation "Landrathsämter" and for the administration of the provinces the governments are restored, the latter, however, with the further organization. This is followed by the provisions on the Landrathsämter in §§ 2-10 of the ordinance of July 7, 1851, concerning the restructuring of the internal state administration. In: Wilhelm Möller and Carl Fuchs (eds.): Collection of the legal provisions still valid in the former Electorate of Hesse from 1813 to 1866. Elwert, Marburg and Leipzig 1867, p. 1247
  46. ^ Overview of the community administration of the Gelnhausen district . In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart, Heimat-Jahrbuch for the Gelnhausen district 1950, Gelnhausen 1949, pp. 92–118