Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz
coat of arms
Coat of arms of the Counts of (Ober-) Isenburg, from around 1800 to Ysenburg and Büdingen
map
Map of the county of Oberisenburg (1790) by Johann Daniel Albrecht Hoeck, from Wikimedia Commons
Alternative names Isenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz
Arose from Reign of Büdingen
Form of rule monarchy
Ruler / government Count


Reich register 14 fl. 19¾ xr.
Reichskreis Upper Rhine Empire Circle
District council Frankfurt am Main
Capitals / residences Sea wood
Dynasties Ysenburg-Büdingen
Denomination / Religions reformed
Language / n German ( Rhine Franconian )
surface 110 km²
Residents 7000
currency Gulden (Florin, fl.) And Kreuzer (xr.) , From 1871 Mark (Mk)
Incorporated into 1806 Principality of Isenburg , 1815 Austria , 1816 partly to Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1919 People's State of Hesse , partly to Electorate of Hesse , 1866 Prussia, both parts 1945 to Greater Hesse, 1946 to Hesse


The county Ysenburg-Büdingen-sea timber was in the southeastern Wetterau in the southeast of the current state of Hesse (mostly in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis , the smaller part in Wetteraukreis ) and was from 1687 to its media coverage in 1806, a territory in the old German Reich ; it belonged to the Upper Rhine District and was a (partial) county of Ysenburg-Büdingen (in the 19th and 20th centuries to Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz ). The direct imperial counts that ruled this territory existed from 1687 to 1929 and belonged to the entire house of Ysenburg-Büdingen, whose three special lines were owned by the counties of the same name ( Büdingen and Wächtersbach in addition to Meerholz ).

After 1806 - mediatized - all three (partial) counties belonged to the Rheinbund-Principality of Isenburg (until 1815), then to Austria for one year. After the division of the Isenburgische Lande (mid-1816) the northwestern part of the county (Eckhardshausen court) came to the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Hessen-Darmstadt) and the southeastern part (Gründau court and Meerholz court ) to the Electorate of Hesse (Hessen-Kassel); the Ysenburg counts were landlords in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and in Electorate Hesse and, after the annexation of Electorate Hesse by Prussia, were members of the First Chamber of the Prussian Landtag . In 1929 the line went out and the property came to the entire Ysenburg-Büdingen house.

Location and limits

The Meerholzer part lay in the south of the county, it consisted of the courts Eckartshausen, Gründau and Meerholz: the court Meerholz lay mostly south of the Kinzig , the court Gründau mostly between the rivers Gründau (in the north) and Kinzig (in the south), both belonged from 1821 to the Hessian district of Gelnhausen (today Main-Kinzig district ); the northwestern part lay between the Ronneburg in the southeast and Eckartshausen in the northwest in the later grand-ducal-Hessian district of Büdingen (today Wetteraukreis ). Long after the fall of the county and the Ysenburg house of Meerholz (“special line”), the geographic center of the European Union was between 2007 and 2013 at 50 ° 10 ′ 21 ″ N, 9 ° 9 ′ 0 ″ E in the southern part of the locality Sea wood.

Size and division

1.5 square miles (= 110 km²) in size, with approx. 7000 inhabitants (in the 18th century).

Gettenbach and Haitz came to the Meerholzer line only after the Marienborner line had expired (1725), initially they belonged to the Wächtersbacher line, but this had to cede the two villages to Meerholz because the villages Wolferborn and Michelau and the castle Ronneburg were part of the Büdingen line had received.

A large part of the Büdinger Forest belonged to Meerholz, at that time the forest was not part of the boundaries of the villages. The Meerholzer share extended from the Stickelberg in the west (roughly from the train station in what is now the Mittel-Gründau district ) via the Hühnerhof (west of Gettenbach ) to the Kaltenborn farm in the east (today in the Haitz district of the city of Gelnhausen) and from the Gründau in north to the Kinzig in the south (with the exception of the district, which for centuries before the formal loss of Reichsunmittelbarkeit 1803 Hanau pledged imperial city of Gelnhausen, today core city of Gelnhausen ). The courtyards were also not part of the municipality boundaries of the villages; they formed manor districts (i.e., unincorporated areas ) until the 1920s .

History of the Ysenburger

A Ysenburger, originally home to the Middle Rhine, and the Westerwald ( low-Isenburg , 1664 extinct), came through a marriage with the heiress of Büdingen in the southeastern Wetterau (upper-Isenburg). This new county of Ysenburg-Büdingen divided several times from the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 17th century.

The division of the country in 1687, the creation of the Büdinger Land and the special lines

The third main division (1684) resulted in the two houses Ysenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (from 1744 Principality of Isenburg and Büdingen) and Ysenburg-Büdingen. The latter split into four special lines on July 23, 1687 in Meerholz . They all called themselves Ysenburg and Büdingen and each added the seat of their line (uniform spelling, however, only from the 19th century): Ysenburg-Büdingen in Büdingen (extinct 1941), Ysenburg-Büdingen in Marienborn (extinct 1725), Ysenburg-Büdingen in Meerholz (extinct 1929) and Ysenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach (which took their seat in Büdingen in 1941; it was the only line that was left). The sub-counties were not only connected by consanguinity, but in particular also by house contracts (succession regulations) ( agnates ).

The ten imperial circles at the beginning of the 16th century
  • Upper Rhine district

    • On July 23, 1687, in another recess (= comparison ), the country was divided among the four sons of Maria Charlotte (1631–1693), widow of Johann Ernst von Ysenburg-Büdingen, guardian of her sons. Since the inheritance principle of primogeniture had not yet been introduced in Ysenburg, the territory was divided. The eldest son, Johann Casimir Graf von Ysenburg-Büdingen (1660–1693), received the castle , town and court of Büdingen and the surrounding villages, Ferdinand Maximilian, the second oldest son received the castle and town of Wächtersbach , Karl August received Marienborn, in today's Büdinger district Eckartshausen with the surrounding villages and Georg Albrecht received Meerholz and the surrounding villages. Since the Ysenburg-Büdingen-Marienborn line soon died out, in addition to the (older) main Isenburg-Birstein line, there were the (new) special lines Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen , Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz and Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach .

    Due to the death of Count Karl August von Ysenburg-Büdingen-Marienborn, the Marienborn property was divided up in 1725 according to his will, the offices of Gründau and Eckartshausen, as well as the villages of Gettenbach and Haitz came to Meerholz.

    Each of the now three counties now covered approx. 200 km² with approx. 6500 inhabitants and an income of approx. 35,000 fl.

    Impending national bankruptcy - the Emperor's Debit Commission

    Only a few years later, Carl Friedrich - the count ruled his county for 50 years - calls on his relatives to help. They were supposed to be jointly responsible for the Meerholzer's debts, in return he offered them a complete financial control of his household and state assets. Through a so-called hereditary brother contract, the count's cousins ​​were a community of liability. Nevertheless, the debt level increased, so that in 1758 an imperial debit commission had to be applied for; the other special lines of the House of Ysenburg and Büdingen were no different later. A satisfactory solution for the creditors could not be found until 1804.

    Loss of independence in the new state of the Rhine Confederation

    Meerholz Castle of the Counts of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz
    Gettenbach hunting lodge in the Büdinger Forest of the Counts of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz

    Through the Rheinbund act 1806 Carl Prince zu Isenburg-Birstein (* 1766, † 1820, he ruled from 1803 to 1813 mostly with residence in Offenbach am Main ) was sovereign prince over all Isenburg lands (the Counts of Isenburg-Birstein were from the German king in 1744 and Emperor was elevated to the rank of prince; but only in 1803 after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , Prince Carl received a viril vote in the Reichsfürstenrat ). The special lines were mediated in the new principality of Isenburg (1806), the areas of the counties lost their previous quasi-independence and were now called districts. Under Prince Carl, the former imperial territory was transformed into a modern state largely based on the Napoleonic model.

    Notable lords under the Elector and Grand Duke from 1816

    By resolution of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Principality of Isenburg came to the Austrian Empire and in mid-1816, after a partition treaty with its area south of the Main, to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , the area north of the Main (and the special lines Ysenburg and Büdingen) became between divided between the Grand Duchy and the Electorate of Hesse . In the subsequent Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Electorate of Hesse, which belonged to the German Confederation , both the line of the house in Birstein and the special lines were landlords in both states, including Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz. The counts of the special lines wrote their "Isenburg" in the following period with "Y".

    The landlords enjoyed tax exemption for goods and persons and were subject to special justice with the Austrägal jurisdiction . They also enjoyed military freedom, but on the other hand, when they became soldiers, they were usually immediately hired as lieutenants . In the early days of the German Confederation (1820s and 1830s), most states regulated the legal relationships in detail to justify a permanent legal status of our class lords - unless they were already regulated by the Federal Acts (for the Grand Duchy of Hesse by the edict of 17. February 1820). At the local level, they retained judicial and executive powers in the area of ​​their former territories, which went well beyond the normal aristocratic patrimonial jurisdiction . In addition to the remnants of the old feudal rights, the landlords appointed the mayors , the pastors (dispute over the foundation presence in Büdingen) and teachers, they owned the forest and hunting police and had the right to control questions of the political communities. There was a separate civil service and judicial system independent of the state authorities. The landlords were able to maintain these very broad rights until the revolution of 1848/1849 , after which they were abolished in most states, probably also because they caused high costs.

    Until 1918, they held the so-called “hereditary Landstandschaft ” in parts of Germany : The landlords were entitled by birth to a seat in the first chamber of the state parliaments (e.g. in the first chamber of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse or the assembly of estates of the Electorate of Hesse , the latter a unicameral parliament ; after the annexation of the Electorate of Hesse by Prussia: in the Prussian mansion ). Since the territories of the gentlemen did not always coincide with the borders of the newly formed states, it could be that the gentlemen were also members of the first chambers of different states. So were z. B. the respective senior citizens of the Ysenburg houses Meerholz or Wächtersbach member of the first chamber in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and in Kurhessen.

    Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholzer Counts

    Chronological order of the ruling counts during the old German Empire

    Count Georg Albrecht, founder of the Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz family
    • Maria Charlotte, daughter of Count zu Erbach-Breuberg, widow of Johann Ernst (1625–1673), guardian of her four sons (also through Georg Albrecht) from 1673 to 1691
      * March 24, 1631 † Meerholz June 8, 1693 (grave: Castle Church Sea wood)
    • Georg Albrecht, ruled 1691–1724
      * May 1, 1664 † Meerholz February 11, 1724 (grave Schlosskirche Meerholz)
      ⚭ 1691 Amalie Henriette, daughter of the Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein -Berleburg,
      * February 24, 1664; † Meerholz February 9, 1733 (grave: Schlosskirche Meerholz)
    • Carl Friedrich, ruled 1724–1774, senior of the entire house in Ysenburg-Büdingen
      * Meerholz November 27, 1700 † Meerholz March 14, 1774 (grave: Schlosskirche Meerholz)
      ⚭ February 24, 1725 Eleonore Elisabeth Friederike Juliane, daughter of the Count of Solms-Rödelheim- Assenheim
      *  Gaildorf 23 September 1703 † Meerholz June 1, 1762 (grave: Schlosskirche Meerholz)
      daughter of Ludwig Heinrich von Solms-Rödelheim and Wilhelmine Christine von Limpurg-Schmiedelfeld, thereby Carl Friedrich acquired joint ownership of the Limpurg-Gaildorf estate . The Meerholz coat of arms is "improved" by an inner shield (Limpurg-Gaildorf).
      The godfather of their son Friedrich Ludwig Carl Albrecht was Nikolaus Ludwig Graf Zinzendorf , who lived with the Moravian Brethren in Marienborn Castle and on the Herrnhaag .
    • Johann Friedrich Wilhelm, ruled 1774–1802, 1798–1802 senior of the entire house in Ysenburg-Büdingen
      * Meerholz May 2, 1729 † Meerholz May 4, 1802 (grave: Schlosskirche Meerholz)
      ⚭  Grumbach June 11, 1762 Caroline Christiane Louise, daughter of Wild- and Rheingrafen von Salm-Grumbach
      * April 20, 1734 † May 11, 1791 (grave: Schlosskirche Meerholz)
    • Carl Wilhelm Ludwig, ruled 1802–1806, senior of the entire house of Ysenburg from 1805, then registrar, member of the 1st Chamber (Grand Duchy of Hesse) 1820 to 1830, Count of Limpurg-Gaildorf,
      * Meerholz May 7, 1763 † Meerholz April 17, 1832
      ⚭ 1785 Caroline von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, co-owner of Limpurg- Obersontheim
      * September 13, 1764 † April 28, 1833

    Landlords during the time of the German Confederation (1815–1866) and the German Empire (1871–1918)

    as before:

    Photo of the (last) count of the Ysenburg special line Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz, who died in 1929, Gustav Clemens Friedrich Carl Ludwig (1863–1929)
    • Carl Wilhelm Ludwig, registrar , member of the 1st Chamber (Grand Duchy of Hesse) from 1820 to 1830
    • Carl Friedrich Casimir Adolf Ludwig, registrar from 1844 (Grand Duchy of Hesse), hereditary seat in the First Chamber of the Prussian Landtag ( Prussian mansion ) from 1867–1900
      * Meerholz October 26, 1819 † Meerholz March 30, 1900 (Meerholz family mausoleum)
      ⚭ 1) 1846 Johanna Constanze Agnes Helene, daughter of Count Friedrich Ludwig zu Castell-Castell
      * Castell February 8, 1822 † Castell March 29, 1863 (grave: Meerholz family mausoleum),
      ⚭ 2) 1865 Agnes, Princess of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen,
      * Büdingen March 20, 1843 † Meerholz October 17, 1912 (grave: Meerholz family mausoleum)
    • Friedrich Casimir (Hereditary Count) , civil lord, seat in the First Chamber of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Darmstadt) from 1872–1878
      * Meerholz August 10, 1847 † Meerholz March 9, 1889
    Coat of arms (temporarily) of the Counts of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz

    title

    In the old empire, the ruling princes did not have a legally defined designation. In Kurhessen (1833) and in the Grand Duchy of Hesse (1820), the authorities were required to address the landlords; the head of a princely family should, after the chancellery ceremony, be referred to as Your Highness Lord Prince and in the context as Your Highness . In relation to the counts, the authorities had to use the address ... Erlauchtig Hochgebohrner Herr Graf and in the context of the expressions ... "Your Erlaucht" .

    coat of arms

    All Ysenburg and Isenburg houses bore the Ober-Isenburg coat of arms (two black crossbars on a silver background). Meerholz carried the Ysenburg coat of arms with a central shield for Limpurg-Gaildorf (the share in Limpurg-Gaildorf acquired in 1725 went to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1861); the Rheinbund Principality of Isenburg , to which Meerholz belonged as a district from 1806–1815 , carried the Ysenburg coat of arms with a central shield with a golden lion on a blue background.

    Trivia

    The rise and fall of the Ysenburg special lines is popularly portrayed in the parable of the four spruces .

    literature

    • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. C. H. Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , p. 313 (keyword: Isenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz) digitized version (reading sample, not complete)
    • Johann Georg Friedrich Jakobi : New collection of geographical-historical-statistical writings , fourth volume, Geographischer Schriften, fourth part: [sic] The geographical introduction and description of most of the countries in the Upper Rhine and Westphalian districts - the counties of Hesse including the countries belonging to them, Weißenburg im Nordgau 1786, pp. 239-251, digitized
    • Gustav Simon : The history of the imperial house of Ysenburg and Büdingen,
      first volume, the history of the Ysenburg-Büdingen'schen country.       Brönner, Frankfurt 1865, digitized
      second volume: The Ysenburg and Büdingen house history. Brönner, Frankfurt 1865, digitized
      third volume: The Ysenburg and Büdingen'sche document book.       Brönner, Frankfurt 1865, digitized

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Heinrich Georg Semmel: "Grenzland Gründau" - A state border through Gründau . In: Grindaha 25, Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2015, pp. 129, 139 (with maps) ISSN  2194-8631
    2. ↑ "ON THE STICKELBERG". Hessian field names. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on January 16, 2016 .
    3. ↑ "AM HUEHNERHOF". Hessian field names. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on January 14, 2016 .
    4. Jump up ↑ Lothar Döring: The Upperysenburg country divisions of the 16th and 17th centuries . In: Irene von Isenburg in Birstein and Otto Friedrich zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen (ed.) Isenburg – Ysenburg 963–1963. On the thousand-year history of the sex , Kuwe-Verlag, Hanau 1963, pp. 45–49
    5. ^ Gustav Simon : The history of the imperial house Ysenburg and Büdingen, second volume: The Ysenburg and Büdingen'sche house history, Brönner, Frankfurt, 1865, p. 363 f.
    6. ^ Johann Daniel Albrecht Hoeck : Historical-statistical topography of the county of Oberisenburg , Jäger, Frankfurt am Main, 1790, p. 99
    7. ↑ Norbert Breunig: State bankruptcy in the county of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz - The debt of the public hands then and now. In: Grindaha, volume 25, Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2015 p. 57 ff. ISSN  2194-8631
    8. ↑ Article 24, Paragraph 11 of the Rhine Federation Act
    9. ^ Johann Ludwig Klüber (ed.): Imperial Austrian patent due to the transfer of sovereignty over various princely and countly Isenburg courts to Kurhessen; also the sovereignty over the other parts of the territory that were united under the name Fürstenthum Isenburg, over the Count's Schönborn rule Heusenstamm , the baronial-grandiose rule Eppertshausen, the Count-Ingelheim town Obererlenbach and the count-Solmese half of the town Niederursel, Hesse, to the Grand Duke of Offenbach , July 9, 1816, No. XXXVII., In: Johann Ludwig Klüber State Archives of the German Confederation , Volume 1, JJ Palm and Ernst Enke, Erlangen 1816, pp. 419–421
    10. ^ Convention Territorial entre le Grand Duc de Hesse et Electeur de Hesse . - Signèe à Francfort sur Mein, le 29 Juin, 1816. British and Foreign State Papers 1815-1816, Volume 3, Compiled by the Librarian and Keeper of the Papers, Foreign Office, James Ridgway and Sons, Piccadilly, London 1838, pp. 812–819 (mostly in German); also printed in Grindaha, issue 26, Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2016 ISSN  2194-8631 pp. 4–12 with a comment by Norbert Breunig
    11. ↑ For the spelling of the name of the princely house or the count's houses, see Anton Calaminus : The introduction of the Reformation in the county of Ysenburg In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies, Volume 9, Kassel 1862, pp. 1–57; Digitized
    12. ↑ Federal resolution on the mediation of the Federal Assembly in disputes between the federal members and establishment of a well-organized Austrägal authority of June 16, 1817
    13. ↑ Edict, the civil legal relationships in the Grand Duchy of Hesse on February 17, 1820, published on March 29, 1820, Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt 1820 (No. 17) pp. 125–160 ; Scan of the original of the Hessian government gazette
    14. ↑ Christian Vogel: A Piece of Monarchy in Germany in the 21st Century - Church Foundation “Presence” in Büdingen: Public Prosecutor's Office investigates Prince zu Ysenburg and Büdingen on suspicion of infidelity Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) from April 7, 2012
    15. ↑ Christian Vogel: The Minister's late interest - historical documents from two districts are stored in Büdingen - they threaten to weather Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) from January 15, 2013
    16. ↑ Rudolph Friedrich von Moser: Description of the Oberamt Gaildorf , Königlich statistic-topographisches Bureau, JB Müller, Stuttgart 1852 Digitized at Wikimedia Commons
    17. ↑ Bernhard Peter: "The coat of arms of the House of Isenburg"
    18. ↑ Hermann Koblischke: The Church Fellowship of the Moravians, the “Bohemian and Moravian Brothers”, also called “Brethren Congregation” or “Brothers Unity”. In: Bulletin of the Main-Kinzig home office. Volume 3, 1978 (Book IV)
    19. ↑ a b c d Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 422.
    20. ↑ Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the Edict of May 29, 1833, on the special legal relationships of the Electorate of Hesse, collection of laws, etc. for Electorate Hesse (No. 10), Kurhess GS 1833 p. 113; in force from June 1, 1833 digitized
    21. ↑ Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the Edict, relating to the civil legal relationships in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette , 1820 (No. 17), p. 127 ; in force from June 1, 1820
    22. ↑ The coat of arms is described in: Philipp Ludwig Hermann Röder Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Swabia or a complete alphabetical description of all cities, monasteries, castles, villages, spots, mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, strange areas, etc. in the entire Swabian district precise indication of their origin, former and current owners, location, regimental constitution, number and food of the inhabitants, manufactories, factories, livestock, strange buildings, new institutions, most distinguished peculiarities, etc., second volume (letters from L to Z), second Edition, 2 volumes [published anonymously], Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1801, Sp. 75 digitized
    23. ↑ Josef Stark (1892–1974): On the "Four Spruces". In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1959 - home yearbook of the Gelnhausen district. Gelnhausen 1958, p. 87. A retelling of the parable by Josef Stark can be found at http://www.gudrun-kauck.eu/Waechtersbach-Ysenburger4Fichten.html