Reign of Heitersheim

Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Reign of Heitersheim
coat of arms
map
Dominion of Heitersheim without exclaves before 1803
Alternative names	Principality of Heitersheim; Johanniter mastery
Arose from	the rule of Heitersheim as a Breisgau country estate (until 1803)
Ruler / government	Prince ; Grand Prior
Today's region / s	DE-BW
Parliament	1 virile vote on the ecclesiastical bench in the Reichsfürstenrat
Reichskreis	Upper Rhine Empire Circle
District council	1 virile vote on the spiritual bench
Capitals / residences	Heitersheim
Denomination / Religions	Catholic
Language / n	German
surface	50 km²
Residents	5000 (1803)
Incorporated into	Mediatization 1806; Grand Duchy of Baden

The rule of Heitersheim was a territory in Breisgau that was formed after 1272 and is largely connected to the history of the German Order of Malta as its seat and fiefdom . In 1803 the rulership became imperial territory for a short time . As early as 1806, the rule of Heitersheim became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden .

history

Training of the manor

The last remaining boundary stone near Heitersheim

The history of the rule Heitersheim begins in 1272, in which the knight Gottfried d. J. von Staufen , who was a feudal man from the Murbach monastery , donated the von Heitersheim estate and other smaller estates, as well as the church set, to the Freiburg commandery of Johanniter . In 1288 Ludwig Ederli handed over the tithe from Schlatt to the Johanniterkommende Freiburg. Otto von Staufen as his feudal lord confirmed the donation and for his part renounced his right to the Schlatter tithe. The donation was confirmed a few days later by Bishop Rudolf of Constance.

However, the real rule only developed when the Johanniter succeeded in uniting surrounding villages and estates with the Heitersheimer Hofe. In addition to other goods in Heitersheim, they acquired Weinstetten near Bremgarten (Hartheim am Rhein) in 1298 , Bremgarten in 1313 and Grißheim in 1315 . In 1362 the Komtur Konrad von Friesen and the brothers and sisters of the Schlatter Lazaritenhaus sold the house, farm and church of Schlatt (Bad Krozingen) with the accessories and patronage to the Johannitern in Freiburg for 112 guilders . The Johanniter, however, also had to take on the considerable debts of the religious house, which amounted to 246 gold guilders, 18 silver marks and 172 bushels of various grains. In 1371, Count Egino IV of Freiburg finally sold the entire village of Schlatt for 200 gold guilders to the Johanniter, who were thus able to round off their holdings in Schlatt.

Formation of the Commandery

From 1335 on there was finally evidence of a direct settlement of some Johanniter in Heitersheim, from then on there was a separate commandery in Heitersheim , which initially lagged behind the commander in Freiburg im Breisgau in terms of personnel and importance . The first commander of the Kommende Heitersheim, Nikolaus Weißlin, who is attested from 1419, was also the commander of the house in Freiburg. However, the ownership of the Heitersheim branch was larger, so that the importance of Freiburg gradually decreased and was finally given up completely when Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban had the Johanniterhaus in Freiburg demolished in 1667/68 with his fortress construction. After the order was also able to acquire the possessions of Freiburg, namely St. Georgen (Freiburg im Breisgau) , Uffhausen and Wendlingen, as well as Gündlingen and Eschbach (Markgräflerland) , nothing changed in the size of the rule until 1803, so its size only 50 km² with about 5000 inhabitants. It belonged to the Breisgau estates until 1803 and was considered a fief of the same.

Seat of the Grand Priory of the German Maltese

Heitersheim Castle

The rule of Heitersheim was the seat of the "German Tongue" and thus the administrative center of the Order of Malta branch (Johanniter) for the Holy Roman Empire and seat of the Grand Prior from 1505. As early as 1428, the General Chapter of the Order in Rhodes had Heitersheim as the seat of the Grand Prior of Germany certainly. However, the implementation of this decision was a long time coming. Rudolf von Werdenberg (1486–1505) was the first to reside largely in Heitersheim and Johann V. Heggenzer von Wasserstelz (1505–1512) finally moved the seat here. From 1500 to 1505 the historian Jakob Mennel was Chancellor of the Johanniter. In May 1525 the Johanniter Castle in Heitersheim was plundered by the rebellious farmers.

In 1786 the writer Joseph Albrecht von Ittner was appointed Chancellor of the Grand Prior. He held this office until 1805 and then entered the service of the Grand Duchy of Baden.

Imperial direct principality

With the elevation of Georg Schilling von Cannstatt (1490–1554), Großbailli and Grand Prior of the Order of Malta, the rule of Heitersheim became Imperial Principality in 1548. In 1803 the rule of Heitersheim was greatly favored by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and expanded many times over by the possessions of the Bishop of Basel on the right bank of the Rhine , as well as by the entire possessions of the St. Blasien monastery . However, the practical implementation of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss due to the resistance of the St. Blasien monastery did not materialize.

Mediatization

1806, by edict of General Jean-Nicolas de Monard , the Breisgau was handed over to Baden on January 28th . Heitersheim was considered a Breisgau fiefdom, which the Elector of Baden and all other fiefdoms of other lords withdrew and repealed. However, since the legal position of Heitersheim had been controversial for centuries, the takeover of Heitersheim by Baden was delayed by several months, as there were unexpected protests from the Grand Prior of the Johanniter in Heitersheim as well as from the population. It was not until July 22, 1806 that the takeover of government in Heitersheim was complete. The municipal code of 1832/33 finally eliminated the structures of the rulership, so that it finally merged with the Baden state.

Memorial plaque for Prince Georg I. Schilling von Canstatt at Heitersheim Castle

Coat of arms of the Prince of Heitersheim, 1743

The rule with exclaves at the beginning of the 18th century

Principality of Heitersheim

Georg Schilling von Canstatt followed the death of the important Grand Prior Johann von Hattstein , who died almost a century in 1546 . This extremely important Maltese received for his services, which he u. a. as admiral and governor of Tripoli obtained the status of imperial prince of Heitersheim at the Reichstag in Augsburg . After his death, his nephew, Georg II. Bombast von Hohenheim, took over the title of prince and the offices of grand prior of the Maltese in the German tongue, until finally the prince title with the rank of grand prior was used as a personal union and consequently with the death of the last prince, Ignatz Balthasar Rinck von Baldenstein , died out in 1807. The House of Baden carried on the title of Prince of Heitersheim, but this is legally very controversial, so that this Prince's title is to be regarded as a new creation by the Elector / Grand Duke of Baden.

It is also controversial among historians how the rank of prince of Georg Schilling von Canstatt was able to pass to his successors at all, since all old or contemporary sources underline the personal character of this class elevation and thus only the person of Schilling, who was one of the confidants of Emperor Charles V , concern, but not the Order of Malta. However, since the archives of the Heitersheim rule were largely lost after 1806, neither the exact wording of the survey by Georg Schilling v. Canstatts, received other legal documents from this time.

Legal Status

The rule of Heitersheim emerged from a fiefdom of the Murbach Monastery , which first belonged to the Lords of Staufen , who donated it to the Order of the Maltese. This was approved by the Abbot of Murbach, Berthold. In 1724 Murbach was still demanding interest from Heitersheim. All other localities that belonged to Heitersheim until 1803 were also fiefs of various feudal lords, which were gradually amalgamated under the House of Habsburg to form Upper Austria . The idea that Bremgarten or Hof Weinstetten might have been Reichslehen has not yet been proven. It is certain that before 1612 the rule of Heitersheim accepted the suzerainty of Upper Austria and was represented as a rural corporation in Breisgau . It was not until 1612 that Heitersheim led the princes into a long legal battle over the actual sovereignty, which only ended in 1778 with the full recognition of the Habsburg sovereignty.

The reason for these disputes was probably less of a direct imperial property than the title of prince itself, which granted the grand prior of the Order of Malta, as Lords of Heitersheim, a virile vote on the ecclesiastical bench of the Imperial Council in the Reichstag . In addition, the Grand Prior of Heitersheim had a virile vote on the bench of the ecclesiastical princes in the district council of the Upper Rhine Empire .

In contrast to the actual rulership, the title of prince was directly imperial and consequently is by no means to be equated with the legal status of the rulership until 1803.

This changed with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803. In § 26, the Order of Malta and the Teutonic Order were expressly excluded from secularization and even promoted and enlarged for their previous services. The rule of Heitersheim or a principality of Heitersheim is not mentioned, but the Order of Malta per se and directly with the areas of the rule Heitersheim, the Bishop of Basel on the right bank of the Rhine, the St. Blasien monastery with the prince-prince of Bonndorf, and other areas and rights from church property in Breisgau enfeoffed. For the first time, the title of prince is mentioned together with these areas, so that from then on Heitersheim could be regarded as an actual principality and as an imperial direct. Correspondingly, the areas of the rule Heitersheim are also found in § 1, which u. a. the cession of the Breisgau to the Duke of Modena regulated, no consideration as a fief or even property. This is not least the reason why Baden's takeover of the rule of Heitersheim was questioned, as the edict of General Monard only determined the handover of the Breisgau to the Elector of Baden, as part of which the rule no longer understood itself. The legal justification for the deposition of the lords in the Breisgau by the Elector of Baden was that he, as the new feudal lord, withdrew and repealed the fiefs. However, since Heitersheim was more since 1803, not a fief of the Breisgau, this was just as controversial as the acceptance of the Ducal title of Heitersheim by the Baden sovereign, which was purely legal impossible as this as an imperial title only by the emperor would have on the home Baden transfer can be. This obvious breach of law is underlined by the fact that the last Grand Prior also carried the title of Prince until his death in 1807, from which he in no way intended to give up, so that by 1807 there were two Princely titles of Heitersheim at the same time.

Even if Heitersheim's incorporation into Baden was not possible de jure on this basis, it nevertheless happened de facto , which made further resistance to this process superfluous, especially because the Holy Roman Empire dissolved shortly afterwards. The attempts by the Order of Malta at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to regain the lost territories remained ineffective, so that Baden's access to Heitersheim was subsequently legitimized and confirmed. However, the legal history of Heitersheim has not yet been conclusively researched.

Domestic politics and institutions of the rule Heitersheim

Heitersheim Castle, old knight house

Princely office in Gündlingen

Old school in Grißheim, 18th century

The rule of Heitersheim had various public facilities and institutions that were dedicated to the well-being of the residents. After 1540 a hospital was founded in Heitersheim, which still serves the health care of the people of Heitersheim today. The lower jurisdiction had its seat in Heitersheim Castle. Laws and rights were summarized by Prince Johann Friedrich Hund von Saulheim in the Heitersheim rule of rule in 1620, thereby removing the basis for any form of abuse of office and arbitrariness . School facilities can also be traced back to the 16th century; interestingly enough, the Heitersheim rule of law stipulates the provision of general Sunday catechesis lessons for all male and female persons up to the age of 22. Johann Baptist von Schauenburg rearranged the local school system in 1756 and began to curb excesses of piety. He also improved the administration and then issued new chancellery regulations in 1769. In 1785, Prince Joseph Benedikt von Reinach canceled the previous compulsory labor. Many administrative facilities, such as the office building in the city of Heitersheim or some new buildings at the castle, go back to Prince Philipp Wilhelm von Nesselrode and Reichenstein (Grand Prior of the Order 1728–1754), whose coat of arms can still be found on some buildings in Heitersheim. The large markets Chilbi and Klausmarkt , which still take place today , also go back to the approval of the rule of Heitersheim and the Order of Malta.

Minorite Monastery

When the Grand Prior Johann Friedrich Hund von Saulheim took office in 1612, he found that there was no longer a sufficient number of clergy in his own order and that he could not adequately ensure pastoral care in his principality. He therefore operated the settlement of an order of monks in Heitersheim who should take over this task. Initially, a Capuchin monastery was intended. However, due to the low economic endowment of the monastery, which the Grand Prior intended, the Capuchins refused. On September 1, 1619, the Minorites (black Franciscans) took over the monastery building made available by the Maltese. Until 1666, the Minorites gradually took over all pastoral posts (and parish priests) in the principality until 1742, the Bishop of Constance, Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim, relieved them of these pastoral posts and filled them with secular clerics . This brought the monastery into serious financial difficulties, especially since the Maltese did not want to pay the agreed annual subsidy. The monks then moved into the surrounding countryside and begged. The parishes of Heitersheim, Eschbach and Schlatt were soon able to take over again by the Minorites with the consent of Bishop Kasimir Anton von Sickingen from Constance . In 1781, the Austrian Emperor Joseph II succeeded in securing the monastery from the Strasbourg congregation of the order and joining a congregation specially formed for Upper Austria. The anti-monastery policies of the emperor led to the collapse of the Minorite order in Heitersheim and he only escaped dissolution due to the strange legal status of the principality of Heitersheim as the seat of an imperial prince, whose territory, however, belonged to the Upper Austrian provincial estates. In 1782 there were still seven priests and three lay brothers in the monastery. Due to high debts and drunkenness of some monks, the Guardian was replaced by another in 1797 by the Upper Austrian government. In 1805 the Bishop of Konstanz, Karl Theodor von Dalberg, placed a secular priest in the parish of Heitersheim, as the Minorites could no longer guarantee a regular service. With the mediatization of the Principality of Heitersheim in 1806, the Minorite monastery was also secularized . On April 23, 1807, the monastery was officially dissolved and liquidated. The building was initially used as a rectory; the monastery church was demolished in 1812.

Territorial development

local community	Year of purchase	Remarks	coat of arms
Heitersheim	1272	Sale of rights by Gottfried von Staufen ; 1276 purchase of further rights from the margraves of Baden-Hachberg
Gündlingen	1297	Donation of the bailiwick and jurisdiction by the margraves of Baden-Hachberg , Heinrich III. and Rudolf I.
Weinstetten	1298	today part of Hartheim with Bremgarten ; Otto von Staufen renounced bailiwick and jurisdiction in 1298
Bremgarten	1313	Acquisition from Johannes von Staufen
Grissheim	1315
Schlatt	1371	Purchase from the Counts of Freiburg
Eschbach (Markgräflerland)	1613	Purchase from the Lords of Rappoltstein
Sankt Georgen	1668	today part of Freiburg im Breisgau
Uffhausen	1668	belonging to Sankt Georgen; since 1390 with Johanniter- Kommende Freiburg
Wendlingen	1668	belonging to Sankt Georgen; since 1390 with Johanniter- Kommende Freiburg

Grand Prior of Germany

The German tongue of the Order of St. John comprised several major priories: Bohemia ( Bohemia , including those coming from Austria), Alemania (Upper and Lower Germany), Dacia (= Denmark ), Sweden and Norway , Polonia ( Poland ) and Hungary . After the coming of the Grand Priory of Hungary were destroyed in the Turkish Wars, it was assigned to the German Grand Priory. The title of Grand Prior of Hungary became a dignity without a country. The same happened with the Grand Priory of Dacia after those who came after the Reformation were repealed. Only the grand priorities of Germany are listed below. Since Bohemia, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire , formed its own Grand Priory, the Grand Prior of Upper and Lower Germany was not the only Grand Prior of the order in the Holy Roman Empire. The Grand Priory of Alemania included not only Germany in today's borders, but also those coming from Switzerland, Alsace, one coming in Lorraine, two in Vorarlberg (Austria), one coming in Belgium and the coming from the Netherlands. The titles changed over time. Walter Gerd Rödel in his work The German (grand) priory divides the list of heads of the German (grand) priory into three periods.

Priorities and Preceptors of Germany

(after Rödel, 2006)

Name and dates of life	Term of office	Remarks	coat of arms
Arlebold	1187	First prior known by name of the Order of St. John in Germany
Albert	1204
Heinrich von Heimbach	1207 to 1215, 1219
Engelhard	1216
Albert von Büchel (Büchold)	1220 to 1228
Ber (engar)	1228
Konr (ad) von Heimbach	1232
B (urcard)	1234 to 1236
Reinhard	1237
Rambert / Rembert	1242
Clement	1249 to 1252
Heinrich von Fürstenberg	1255 to 1259	1259 to 1262 deputy of the order master (Grand Commander in the East, Grand Preceptor) in Acre . During this time he was represented in Germany by Heinrich von Boxberg, 1258 Brother Berengar, deputy to the Prior of the Johanniter in Germany
Heinrich von Boxberg († 1279)	1260 to 1262
Heinrich von Fürstenberg	1263 to 1272
Heinrich von Boxberg	1273	see above
Berenger von Laufen († December 4, 1289)	1273 to 1274	1258 to 1263 and 1270/71 Vice-Prior of Germany, 1278 Commander in Colmar
Heinrich von Boxberg	1275 to 1278	see above
Heinrich von Hermolsheim	1278 to 1279	1273 to 1276 and 1280/81 commendator of Hohenrain
Hermann von Braunshorn († October 29, 1281)	1279 to 1281	Grand Preceptor and Prior of Alemania and Dacia , 1278 to 1281 Prior of Bohemia, Moravia, Poland and Austria, 1280 also Governor of the Supreme Master in Hungary
Berenger from Laufen	1282	see above
Friedrich von Kindhausen († March 3, 1286)	1283 to 1286	Prior of Alemania, 1282 to 1283 prior of Bohemia, Polonia, Moravia and Austria, 1285 prior of Dacia
Berenger from Laufen	1286 to 1289	see above
Gottfried von Klingenfels	1290 to 1297	Grand Preceptor and Prior of Alemania, Bohemia, Moravia, Polonia, Austria and Styria, 1302 Commander in Rexingen and Rohrdorf
Hermann Judde / Judaeus / Jew	1300 to 1302	1280 brother in Nidda, 1290 to 1308 commander of Cologne, 1291 commendator in Mosbach, 1297 to 1298 commendator of Trier, 1302 to 1303 commander of Utrecht, 1302 to 1304 commendator of Herrenstrunden, 1303 to 1314 commander in Frankfurt, 1310 to 1314 commendator in Freiburg i. Br., 1312-1314 Commendator von Dorlisheim, 1291 Deputy Master for Germany, 1296 Deputy Prior for Lower Germany, 1300-1302, 1311 Prior in Germany, 1306-1308 Governor of the Supreme Master over the Sea for Germany
Heinrich von Kindhausen	1302 to 1303	Prior of Bohemia, Moravia and Poland since 1298
Helferich from Rüdigheim	1305 to 1310	1305 to 1310 Grand Preceptor and Prior of Germany, Bohemia and Poland, 1318 Vice Prior in Upper Germany, 1318 Commander in Heimbach, 1323 to 1324 Commander in Rüdigheim, 1328 Commander in Wiesenfeld, 1329 Commander in Obermossau and 1330 Prior in Dacia, based in Antsvorskov (Zealand , Denmark)
Hermann Judde / Judaeus / Jew	1311	see above
Helferich from Rüdigheim	1312 to 1316	see above
Paul of Mutina / Paolo de Modena	1316 to 1318/20	Deputy of the general visitator Leonhard de Tibertis, prior in Alemania, 1319 to 1324 prior of Saxony, Thuringia, the Mark Brandenburg and the Wendenland, 1317 to 1318 commander in Erfurt and Topfstedt
Hermann von Hachberg the Elder († April 12, 1321)	1321	since 1308 vice-chief of Upper Germany, 1314 to 1317 commander of Freiburg i.Br., buried in the Johanniterkirche in Freiburg i.Br., which was destroyed in 1677
Eberhard von Kestenburg / Kestenberg	1321 to 1322	1317 Prior of Dacien, 1318 Commander of Würzburg, 1337 Commander of Heimbach
Albrecht von Schwarzburg († March 16, 1327)	1323 to 1327	1306 Order Marshal during the conquest of Rhodes, 1310 Grand Commander of Cyprus and Deputy of Grand Master Fulko von Villaret, 1318 to 1320 Captain General of the Order Galleys, 1319 Grand Preceptor in the East, 1323 Grand Preceptor in the West and Prior of Germany, buried in the Würzburg Johanniter Church
Berthold von Henneberg, the Elder († August 21, 1330)	1328	1291 Foundation of the Kommende Schleusingen, 1309 Deputy Prior of Poland, 1309 Commander von Büchold, 1310 Commander von Lossen (Silesia), 1313 to 1324 Prior of Bohemia and Poland, 1317 to 1371 Commander von Boxberg, 1318 Commander von Schleusingen, 1324 to 1330 Commander von Mainz, 1328-1329 Grand Prior of Germany, buried in the Johanniterkirche in Würzburg, his tombstone is in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich
Rudolf von Masmünster († September 1333, grave slab in the church in Soultz)	June 8, 1328 to September 1333	1311 to 1333 commander in Sulz, 1321 to 1322/24 commander in Freiburg i.Br., 1322 commander in Heitersheim, 1325 commander in Rohrdorf, 1326 commander in Rottweil, 1332 commander in Weissenburg, 1333 commander in Schlettstadt
Berthold von Henneberg, the younger, commander (* around 1290, † around / after 1355)	1336 to 1341	1315 to 1323, 1348 commander of Kühndorf, 1328 commander of Schleusingen, 1329 to 1332, 1340 to 1341 commander in Würzburg, 1329 to 1336 commander in Biebelried, 1329 to 1341, 1355 commander in Boxberg, 1326 to 1329 prior of Bohemia, Moravia, Poland and Austria 1336 to 1341 Grand Prior of Germany, 1353 to 1355 Bailli of Franconia
Herdegen von Rechberg († January 16, 1354)	1344 to 1354	1342 to 1354 commander in Wädenswil, 1343 general visitator of Germany and Bohemia, 1344 to 1350 commander of Bubikon, 1348 deputy of the master overseas in German lands
Hugo von Werdenberg, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John	1350
Hermann von Hachberg († April 25, 1357)	1354 to 1357	1340 to 1357 commander in Freiburg i.Br., buried in the Johanniterkirche in Freiburg i.Br., which was destroyed in 1677
Hugo von Werdenberg-Sargans	1357 to 1361	Commander in Hohenrain since 1350, Commander in Wädenswil since 1354, Commander in Bubikon since 1357, Commander in Biberstein from 1361 and 1363
Konrad von Braunsberg († December 10, 1390)	1362 to 1390	1358 / to 1359 Commendator in Adenau, 1361 to 1362 Commendator in Cologne, 1362 Commendator in Utrecht, buried in the Ordenskirche St. Johann and Cordula in Cologne
Friedrich von Zollern	January 23, 1391 to 1398	1361 to 1384 commander in Rohrdorf and Dätzingen, 1368 to 1369 commander in Bubikon, 1371 to 1395 commander in Villingen, 1371 to 1372 commander in Hemmendorf
Hesso von Schlegelholz († May 20, 1412)	1398 to 1408	1365/66 Commander of Klingnau-Leuggern, 1365/66 Commander of Schlettstadt, 1374 to 1382 Commander of Freiburg i.Br., 1374/75 papal envoy to Hungary and Constantinople, 1379 governor of the Principality of Achaia, 1382 castellan of Rhodes, 1383 to 1387 Commander in Rottweil, 1386 Preceptor of Kos, 1387 Commander in Münchenbuchsee, 1387 Commander in Thunstetten, 1398 to 1408 again Commander of Klingnau-Leuggern, 1400 Commander of Frankfurt am Main and Mosbach, 1398 to 1408 involved in the construction of the fortress St. Peter (Bodrum), 1411 Grand Commander of Cyprus and Deputy Grand Master
Henman / Johann zu Rhein († July 24, 1411)	November 5, 1408 to 1411	1380 to 1411 commander in Rheinfelden, 1389 to 1410 commander in Basel, 1402 commander in Mülhausen, 1403 commander in Sulz, 1405 commander in Colmar, 1408 commander in Klingnau-Leuggern

Grand Prior

Name and dates of life	Term of office	Remarks	coat of arms
Hugo of Montfort-Bregenz	1411 to 1444
Johann Loesel († April 8, 1460)	1445 to 1460	1440 to 1444 Großbailli, he was buried in the now defunct church in Basel
Johann Schlegelholz († 1466)	1460 to 1464	1428 to 1438 Großbailli
Richard von Buttlar († August 23, 1466)	1464 to 1466	1435 to 1466 commander in Würzburg, 1435 Bailli von Franken, 1450 commendator from Hemmendorf and Rexingen, Schleusingen and Kühndorf, 1454 to 1464 Großbailli, 1464 to 1466 commander in Speyer and Heimbach
John of Ow († 1481)	1467 to 1481	1464 to 1466 Großbailli
Rudolf II of Werdenberg († September 2, 1505 in Freiburg i.Br.)	1481 to 1505	buried in the order church in Freiburg i.Br., which was demolished in 1677
Johann Heggenzer von Wasserstelz († 1512)	1505 to 1512	1505 to 1506 Commander of Leuggern-Klingnau, 1505 to 1512 Grand Prior and Commander of Bubikon and Wädenswil, 1507 to 1508 Commander in Überlingen
Johann VI. von Hattstein (* 1545, † April 4, 1546 in Speyer)	July 3, 1512 to 1546	he received five coming to his priory: Utrecht, Cologne, Heimbach, Freiburg i. Br. And another to be determined, buried in the demolished order church in Heimbach, his grave slab is in the parish church in Heitersheim

Grand Priors and Imperial Princes

Emperor Karl V raised Georg I Schilling von Cannstatt to the rank of imperial prince and from then on the Heitersheim grand priors were also imperial princes.

	Name (life data)	Reign	Remarks	coat of arms
	Georg I. Schilling of Cannstatt († February 2, 1554)	1546-1554	first imperial prince of the German Maltese, he received the command of Freiburg with Heitersheim, Utrecht, Cologne, Heimbach and Bubikon for his office
	Georg II. Bombastus von Hohenheim († December 10, 1566)	1554-1566
	Adam von Schwalbach († July 4, 1573)	1567-1573
	Philipp Flach von Schwarzenberg († March 10, 1594)	1573-1594	Archduke Ferdinand of Austria gives the Johanniter master Philipp Flach von Schwarzenberg the offices of Kenzingen and Waldkirch along with the lords of Kastelberg, Schwarzenberg and Kürnberg.
	Philip II Riedesel von Camberg († March 13, 1598)	1594-1598	buried in the order church in Freiburg i.Br., which was demolished in 1677
	Bernhard IV of Angelach-Angelach († June 21, 1599)	1598-1599	buried in the order church in Freiburg i.Br., which was demolished in 1677
	Johann Philipp Lesch von Mühlheim († February 2, 1601)	1599-1601
	Wiprecht von Rosenbach († March 18, 1607)	1601-1607
	Arbogast von Andlau (* 1550, † January 5, 1612)	1607-1612
	Johann Friedrich Hund von Saulheim († March 16, 1635)	1612-1635	1620 enacts a rulership order; 1612–1635 also commander of the knight house in Bubikon ; the conflict began with the front Austrian government, whose sovereignty he no longer wanted to recognize as imperial prince; 1630 provisional settlement of the conflict
	Hartmann von der Tann (October 2, 1566 - December 15, 1647)	1635-1647	When he was appointed Grand Prior on May 9, 1635, he received the following five priors: Utrecht, Cologne, Heimbach, Freiburg i.Br. and Bubikon. Again took over the presidency of the prelate database of the Upper Austrian provinces
	Friedrich II of Hesse (February 28, 1616 - February 19, 1682)	1647-1682	continued the conflict with the Austrian government in 1650
	Franz von Sonnenberg (born May 26, 1608; † October 10, 1682)	1682
	Gottfried Droste zu Vischering († 1683)	1683	was at the same time Comtur of the Coming Colmar and Soultz in Alsace
	Hermann von Wachtendonk († June 16, 1704)	1683-1704
	Bernhard Wilhelm von Rhede († October 21, 1721)	1704-1721
	Goswin Hermann Otto von Merveldt (May 5, 1661 - December 8, 1727)	1721-1727	tried in vain for the Order in the negotiations for the Treaty of Utrecht , revenue collected by the Netherlands Order coming retrieve
	Philipp Wilhelm Count of Nesselrode and Reichenstein (* 1678; † January 16, 1754)	1728-1752	arranges renovations and extensions at the Malteserschloss u. a. the office building (1730-1740)
	Philipp Joachim von Prassberg (January 26, 1679 - December 10, 1754)	1754-1754
	Johann Baptist von Schauenburg (* August 29, 1701 - † March 6, 1775)	1755-1775
	Franz Christoph Sebastian Freiherr von Remchingen (born January 20, 1689 - † August 18, 1777)	1775-1777
	Josef Benedikt von Reinach-Foussemagne (December 2, 1710 - October 14, 1796)	1777-1796	the conflict with Upper Austria is definitely settled and its sovereignty is recognized; already worked under von Schauenburg and von Remchingen as governor in Heitersheim
	Ignaz Balthasar Willibald Rinck von Baldenstein (* 1721; † June 30, 1807)	1796-1806

Coins

The princes of Heitersheim had no right to mint . However, one taler and two show coins are known that had grand priorities minted.

Johann Friedrich Hund von Saulheim had a thaler minted. Friedrich II of Hesse had a foam coin minted in 1659 and Johann Baptist von Schauenburg in 1755. All of these coins were apparently only produced in very small numbers.

Heritage and tradition

In the town of Heitersheim in particular, the tradition and memory of the Heitersheim rule are preserved and cultivated. In addition to the city's own designation as "Maltese city", the centuries-old government by the Maltese has found its expression in the city coat of arms and so the symbols of the Maltese can be found in many places and facilities in the city of Heitersheim. This unites the places of the old rule of Heitersheim before 1803 until today, because all of these places have integrated the Maltese cross in their seals and coats of arms. The Historical Society of the Malteser City of Heitersheim e. V. is committed to the preservation and care of the historical buildings, historical research and historical publications. V., which also runs a museum on this topic in Heitersheim Castle. The Order of Malta looks after the old Vincentian Sisters living in the castle and conducts services and religious events there. Since the late Heinz Schilling Freiherr von Canstatt, who died in 2007, the Association of the House of Schilling e. V., who also donated the memorial plaque for Georg Schilling von Canstatt at the castle and is always a member of the Historical Society of the Maltese City of Heitersheim e. V. represents. The Malteser Fanfarenzug Heitersheim e. V. tries to continue the tradition of the Heitersheim rule, albeit not for historical reasons. Also, in contrast to the surrounding areas, the places of the former rule are predominantly Catholic.

See also

• 

  Portal: Order of Malta  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the Order of Malta
• Sovereign Order of Malta
• List of former Johanniter comers

literature

• Wolf-Dieter Barz (Ed.): The Heitersheim rule of rule of the Order of St. John / Maltese of 1620 , LIT Verlag 1999, ISBN 3-8258-4500-1
• Wolf-Dieter Barz (Ed.): Heitersheim 1806 , LIT Verlag 2006, ISBN 978-3-8258-0193-9
• Joseph Ehrler: Agricultural history and agriculture of the Johanniterherrschaft Heitersheim. A contribution to the economic history of Breisgau , Tübingen 1900
• Hans Fünfgeld: The history of the city of Heitersheim from the beginnings to secularization. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 2/1964, pp. 129-136 online at the Freiburg University Library
• Michael Galea: A life in Heitersheim and on Malta. A contribution to the biography of the German Maltese knight Philipp Wilhelm Graf von Nesselrode and Reichenstein (translation from the Italian by Wolf Dieter Barz). With an introduction by Fritz Fünfgeld. In: Schau-ins-Land, Volume 106 (1987), pp. 163–180 online at Freiburg University Library
• Helmut Hartmann: brother Hermann von Mainz; Master of the Johanniter in Germany. In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 63/64: 76–78, 1969.
• Historical Society of the Maltese City of Heitersheim e. V. (Ed.): Brief information on the origin and constitution of the High Johanniter or Maltese Knight Order etc. (excerpt from the order calendar 1794) , Heitersheim, 2001
• Historical Society of the Maltese City of Heitersheim e. V. (Ed.): Malteserschloss Heitersheim and its coat of arms , Heitersheim, 2000
• Alfred Graf von Kageneck: The end of the principality of Heitersheim . In: Schau-ins-Land, year 94/95 (1976/77), pp. 11–27 online at Freiburg University Library ; also reprinted in Wolf-Dieter Barz (Ed.): Heitersheim 1806 , LIT Verlag 2006
• Alfred Graf von Kageneck: The princes of Heitersheim. In: Das Markgräflerland, volume 3/4 1979, pp. 245–260
• Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen and Leipzig, 1904, sixth volume - Freiburg district, first department - Freiburg district; Pp. 419-424 online
• Bernhard Maurer: The Johanniter and Malteser im Breisgau , Freiburg 1999
• Anneliese Müller: The secularization of the Maltese principality of Heitersheim. In: Hans Ulrich Rudolf : (Ed.): Old monasteries, new masters. The secularization in the German south-west 1803. Articles first part, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2003, pp. 507-514, ISBN 3-7995-0212-2
• Walter Gerd Rödel: Order of St. John . In: Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , pp. 637-645.
• Walter Gerd Rödel: HEITERSHEIM [C.6.] In: Special print from: Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire. A dynastic-topographical handbook (= Residency Research, Vol. 15.I). ISBN 3-7995-4515-8 , Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2003 pdf
• Walter Gerd Rödel: The German (grand) priors. In: Bernard Andenmatten (arrangement), Petra Zimmer and Patrick Braun (ed.): Helvetia Sacra, 4th department, volume 7, part 1 Die Johanniter, pp. 51–76, Schwabe Verlag, Basel, 2006 (abbreviated below Rödel, German Grand Priore with corresponding page number)
• Hermann Schmid: The Minorites in the Maltese Principality of Heitersheim 1619-1807. On the history of the Upper German Friars Minor . In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Volume 101, 1981, pp. 285-298 ( online ).
• Walter Schneider: The Principality and Johanniter Grand Priory Heitersheim and its attack on Baden . In: Wolf-Dieter Barz (Ed.): Heitersheim 1806 , LIT Verlag 2006, pp. 1-86
• Alfons Weiss: The dispute between the Johanniter von Heitersheim and the Habsburgs for sovereignty. In: Das Markgräflerland, Issue 3/4 1979, pp. 204–244 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
• Lorenz Werkmann: Heitersheim . In: Schau-ins-Land Volume 3 (1876), pp. 34–36, 43–44, 49–52 online at Freiburg University Library
• Johanna Maria van Winter: Sources concerning the Hospitallers of St. John in the Netherlands 14th-18th centuries. Brill, Leiden, 1998 ISBN 9004108033 (hereinafter abbreviated to Winter, Sources with corresponding page number)
• Thomas Zotz : Johanniter in town and country. On the history of the knight's settlement in Freiburg and Heitersheim. In: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 2/2011, pp. 154–171
• Thomas Zotz: Heitersheim (FR) In: Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz : The castles in medieval Breisgau, II. Southern part: Half volume AK . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 266-277.

Individual evidence

1. ^ The Heitersheim rule of rule of the Order of St. John / Maltese of 1620. ISBN 3-8258-4500-1 in LIT Verlag, page XV
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Brigitte Degler-Spengler: Schlatt. In: Bernard Andenmatten et al. (Ed.): Helvetia Sacra, Division IV, Order with Augustinian Rule, Volume 7, The Johanniter, the Templars, the German Order, the Lazaritans, the Pauliners and the Servites in Switzerland, Part Two , pp. 873–886 , Schwabe Verlag Basel, 2006 ISBN 978-3-7965-2153-9 .
3. ↑ ibid, page XVI
4. ↑ ibid., P. XVII.
5. ↑ ibid., SX
6. ↑ Excerpt from the order calendar of 1794, published by the Historical Society of the Maltese City of Heitersheim e. V., page 20 ff.
7. ↑ Karl Seith: The Markgräflerland and the Markgräfler in the Peasants' War of 1525, Karlsruhe 1926, p. 48/49
8. ↑ From the history of the St. Blasien monastery in the Black Forest. Published by Stadt St. Blasien, 1997, ISBN 3-7826-9058-3 in Konkordia Verlag, page 67.
9. ↑ The book "Heitersheim 1806", published by Wolf-Dieter Barz 2006 in LIT Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8258-0193-9 deals exclusively with the difficult question of the legal basis for the abolition of Heitersheim's rule
10. ↑ ibid, page III ff.
11. ↑ ibid
12. ↑ ^{a b} See also “Biography of the Schilling v. Canstatt ”, 1905, number 65
13. ↑ The book "Heitersheim 1806" also focuses on this question
14. ^ Document sheet "Georg der Johanniterorden in Teutschem Land Maister" in the Königl. Library Berlin 1905, printed in the "Biography of those Schilling von Canstatt"
15. ↑ a representation of the legal positions can be found in Johann Jacob Moser : Of those Teutschen Reichs-estates, the Reichs-Ritterschektiven, also the other immediate Reichs-Glidern. Franckfurt am Mayn 1767, § 52, pp. 563-566 Google digitized version
16. ↑ this although the neighboring margraviate of Baden-Durlach was represented in the Swabian Empire
17. ↑ The scientific discussion on this topic takes place in detail in the above-mentioned book "Heitersheim 1806", especially because of its uniqueness
18. ↑ see the main conclusion of the extraordinary Reichsdeputation of February 25, 1803, § 1 and § 26
19. ↑ see above "The Heitersheim rule of rule of the Order of St. John / Maltese of 1620", foreword by Dr. Anneliese Müller
20. ↑ ibid, page 5
21. ↑ ibid, page XIII
22. ^ Hermann Schmid: The Minorites in the Maltese Principality of Heitersheim 1619–1807 - On the history of the Upper German Friars Minor. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive, Volume 101 (1981), p. 289
23. ↑ Schmid p. 289
24. ^ Entry Heitersheim on discover regional studies online - leobw
25. ↑ Entry Gündlingen on discover regional studies online- leobw
26. ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg 1050 - 1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Volume 1, Innsbruck 1892, certificate number h101 online
27. ↑ Entry Weinstetter Hof on discover regional studies online- leobw
28. ↑ Bremgarten entry on discover regional studies online- leobw
29. ↑ Entry Grißheim on discover regional studies online- leobw
30. ↑ Schlatt entry on discover regional studies online- leobw
31. ↑ Eschbach entry on discover regional studies online- leobw
32. ↑ St. Georgen entry on discover regional studies online- leobw
33. ↑ St. Georgen entry on discover regional studies online- leobw
34. ↑ St. Georgen entry on discover regional studies online- leobw
35. ↑ Johann Friedrich Böhmer (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus. Document book of the imperial city of Frankfurt. First part (794 - 1400) . Franz Varrentrapp, Frankfurt am Main, 1836 Online at Google Books , p. 120.
36. ^ Rödel, Deutsche Großpriore, p. 55.
37. ^ Theobald Walter: The grave inscriptions of the district of Upper Alsace from the oldest times to 1820. 292 S., J. Boltze, Gebweiler, 1904, p. 13.
38. ↑ State Archives North Rhine-Westphalia: Rudolph de Massemonster, Master of the Order by Alemaniam, praised the + knight Engelbert Rusilpaffe and his wife Luitgard, his sons Engilbert, commander of Neuchâtel, Everhard and Johann called Hosche and the daughter Lisa for the many in the House of Order in Neuchâtel Proven beneficence, for the donation of the Scherve court and the pension of a fudder of wine in Bergheim to keep 24 annual memories with 4 wax lights of 8 pounds each year. - With the seal of the friars Adolph de Sayne zu Arnheim, Gerard de Hammerstein zu Breisig, Heinrich de Selbach zu Strune as deputy of the order master in Unterallemannien. fer. 4a Post Bonifacii 1328 June 8
39. ^ Rödel, Deutsche Großpriore, p. 56.
40. ↑ State Archives Ludwigsburg: Document B 250 U 6: Heinrich von Mergentheim called Kulle, clergyman in the diocese of Würzburg (Herbipolensis) and notary certifies that a document was presented to him at the request of Brother Markart dem Zollner (Zolner), Komtur of the Teutonic Order of Mergentheim, reproduces verbatim. With the document, Brother Konrad von Neuenstein (Nuenstein), Commander of the Order of St. John of Halle and Provincial (Balier) of Franconia (Francken), agrees with Brother Hugo von Werdenberg , Grand Master of the Order of St. John of the Holy Hospital of Jerusalem, before Gerhard Bishop of Speyer (Spire) and his lawyers to demand from Brother Markart dem Zollner, Commander of the Teutonic Order of Mergentheim, compensation for the damage inflicted on brother Hans Smotzer by the Order of St. John. 1350 March 16 (on the next dinner day in the vasten nor the suntage do man sanc Judica)
41. ↑ Winter, Sources, p. 32, No. 7.
42. ↑ Winter, Sources, p. 33, No. 9.
43. ↑ Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart A 419 Bü 16: ... 1466 Aug. 23 Brother Johann von Aw, Grand Bailli of the Holy Convent of Rhodes, governor of the Johannitermeister in Germany, Reinhard von Buttlar and the common carers in the chapter on Speyer free at the request of the Count Palatine the mayor Michael Prenger (Bernger) zu Affaltrach of tax, valuation, service and all complaints. ...
44. ↑ ^{a b} Winter, Sources, p. 78/79, No. 97.
45. ↑ The main source used is: Johann Karl Falkenstein: History of the three most important knight orders of the Middle Ages - Third part - History of the Johanniter Order, Dresden 1833, p. 131-135 in the Google book search
46. ↑ Winter, Sources, p. 88, No. 112.
47. ^ Entry Flach von Schwarzenberg, Philipp on discover regional studies online - leobw
48. ↑ see regional studies online - leobw
49. ^ Winfried Hecht: The Villinger Johanniterkomtur Johann Philipp Lösch von Mühlheim. In: Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis: Almanach. - 33. 2009. - pp. 135 - 137
50. ↑ Family tree see with Johann Maximilian Humbracht, Georg Helwich, Georg F. von Greifenclau zu Vollraths: The highest Zierde Teutsch-Landes, And excellence of the Teutschen Adels, presented in the Reichs-Freyen Rhenish knights, also out of the same descended and adjoining families, so sworn up on high stifftern, or 150 years ago praised knights were incorporated, tribal tables and arms. Franckfurt am Mayn, 1707, S 221 online at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
51. ↑ ^{a b c} Martin Wellmer: The Upper Austrian Breisgau. In: Friedrich Metz (Hrsg.): Front Austria - A historical regional studies. Freiburg im Breisgau 1967, pp. 309-311.
52. ↑ Winter, Sources, p. 126, no. 156.
53. ^ Arnold Robens: The knightly rural nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine , Volume 2, Aachen 1818, p. 222 online in the Google book search
54. ↑ Entry "Remchingen, Christian Sebastian; von" on discover regional studies online -leobw ; in the literature partly mentioned by Reuchingen
55. ↑ Foussemagne - s. Kindler von Knobloch p. 436
56. ↑ Christian Jakob August von Berstett : Coin history of the Zähringen-Baden Princely House and the cities and landscapes united under his scepter , Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1846, p. 134 digitized version of the Bavarian State Library
57. ^ Association of the Schilling House: Georg Schilling von Canstatt

annotation

1. ^ Walter Rödel wrote incorrectly in 1334.

Web links

Commons : Grand Priors in Heitersheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Malteserschloss Heitersheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Maltese Principality of Heitersheim  - Sources and full texts

• Johanniterkommende Heitersheim in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
• Franciscan monastery Heitersheim in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
• Website of the museum in Heitersheim Castle
• Entry on Heitersheim in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
• The Maltese Castle Heitersheim on the Palaces and Castles website
• Reprint from: Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire - Johannitermeister (PDF; 68 kB)
• Image of the grave of Grand Prior Johann von Hatstein in: Photo Archive Photo Marburg - Image index of art and architecture
• Experience regional studies online - Baden-Württemberg
• Coat of arms in Heitersheim: castle , bathhouse