Beuggen Castle

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Beuggen Castle
Entrance at the gatehouse of the former Teutonic Order-Kommende Beuggen
Aerial view of the Beuggen plant from the north

Castle Beuggen , also called Buchem (1215), Buchein (1253), Bivcheim (1253), Büken (1266), Beukheim or Beuken, is a 20 kilometers east of Basel on the Baden-Württemberg bank of the Rhine in the area of ​​the city of Rheinfelden ( Baden) former moated castle located in the district of Lörrach . The complex served as the seat of the Teutonic Order in the Ballei Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy for 560 years ; she is the oldest surviving commander of this knightly order. After the dissolution of the Teutonic Order in 1806, the palace was used as a hospital for two years during the wars of liberation against Napoleon Bonaparte . According to one theory, Kaspar Hauser , whose identity has not yet been clarified, lived in the castle for one and a half years between 1815 and 1816. From 1820 to 1980 it was a children's home . Up until the end of 2016, Beuggen Castle served as a conference and meeting place for the Evangelical Church in Baden and as a location for various events.

history

The Teutonic Order 1246–1806

Coat of arms on the old castle; from left to right: German Order, Landkomtur Ludwig von Landsee , Komtur Burkhard von Schellenberg. Initially dated to 1428, later corrected to 1438.
Coming of the Deutschordens-Ballei Alsace-Burgundy in the 13th century
Coat of arms at the Hagenbacher Hof ; from left to right: German Order, Landkomtur Johann Kaspar von Stadion

The castle was completed in 1268 by the Teutonic Order and goes back to a donation from Reich Minister Ulrich von Liebenberg in May 1246. This acquired the right to rule from a knight Mangold von Beuggen , who sold Buckein Castle due to high debts. The deed of donation mentions a "church and its castle there" next to the Buckein farm. The church refers to the old parish church of St. Michael in the Karsau community. The location of the castle is unclear; it is assumed that it stood on the hill north of Beuggen, at the level of the bend in the Rhine there. The Burstelstrasse leading up this hill is reminiscent of the castle site . The donation was attended by secular and spiritual representatives, such as the then Bishop of Basel , Leuthold II von Rötteln . As the successor to the Kommende Rouffach , Beuggen played a leading role in the Swabian-Alsace-Burgundy Ballei from the end of the 13th to the beginning of the 15th century . The gift of Ulrich von Liebenberg followed shortly thereafter in 1247 Ita von Klingen , née von Tegerfelden , who also bequeathed her possessions in Beuggen to the German Order Coming. Ita von Tegerfelden and Ulrich von Liebenberg seem to have been related to each other. This can be inferred from a document dated August 1, 1248, in which Ulrich von Liebenberg waived all of his rights to the heirs of Ita von Tegerfelden that had been handed over to the Kommende Beuggen.

Probably around 1443 or 1444, when Beuggen was finally incorporated into the territory of the Upper Austrian region, the Kommende Altshausen (→ Altshausen Castle ) was chosen as the headquarters of the Ballei. In economic terms, the income of Beuggen at the beginning of the 15th century was similarly high with 1797 guilders compared to that of Altshausen with 2155 guilders; other comers in the Ballei had fallen far behind. There were two reasons why the order moved its headquarters from Beuggen to Altshausen. On the one hand Altshausen was geographically less exposed than Beuggen and therefore not so endangered by French hordes of predators. On the other hand, Altshausen was awarded the high level of jurisdiction that was important for consolidating its power as early as 1389 - Beuggen only received it at the end of the 18th century.

During the Peasant Wars , Beuggen Castle was stormed and looted in May 1525. The farmers also destroyed many documents of their dependency. The commander Ludwig von Reischach fled to Basel, where he was a Protestant. Based on the experience of the peasant wars, Reischach's successor, Georg von Andlau , had the fortifications reinforced, the moat deepened and dammed with water. He had a second circular wall built with five round defense towers and the old gate walled up in favor of the upper gate built in 1534 with a larger passage. The New Palace was built between 1585 and 1598. Even during the Thirty Years' War , the castle was repeatedly the target of attacks and looting. The Swedes besieged and conquered the city of Rheinfelden from Beuggen twice in 1633 and 1638 . Six days after the Peace of Westphalia , on November 30, 1648, the Alsatian Landkomtur Stain submitted an extensive report to the Mergentheimer order government. In addition to Strasbourg, Rufach, Mulhouse, Basel, Andlau , Gebweiler and Kaysersberg , the Kommende Beuggen was also lost as a property for many years. The Alsace Ballei had to pay a total of 12,400 guilders in satisfaction money to the Swedes.

Vedute of Beuggen Castle from 1775

Beuggen, along with Freiburg im Breisgau and Mülhausen, was one of the three ball lending houses that were subject to the territorial sovereignty of Upper Austria. This Habsburg supremacy stood in contrast to the privileges of the order and so the Teutonic Knights tried to escape the unpleasant Habsburg influence in the 16th and 17th centuries, but this failed.

From 1752 to 1757, the castle was rebuilt in the Baroque style according to the designs of the master builder Johann Caspar Bagnato and supplemented by an extension, which made it more than double its size. The palace garden was also baroque and expanded, and an orangery was built.

Initially spared from the secularization in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, in 1806 the Teutonic Order was also expropriated. The castle church and the former firm (infirmary) became the property of the Catholic parish of Karsau . The rest of the facility was handed over to the Grand Ducal Baden Domain Administration . Since then, the palace garden has only been preserved in its basic structure (property boundaries, lime tree avenue and gardener's house on the Rhine, an old garden gate). The orangery was demolished and the orange trees were brought to Basel.

List of Commands in Beuggen

Term of office Commander Term of office Commander Term of office Commander
1248-1255 Knight Gottfried von Ruffach 1386 Heinrich von Schletten 1587 Hans Hartmann Hallwyl
1257-1263 H. commendator 1387 Vincenz von Bubenberg 1593-1595 Hans Hartmann from Hallwyl
1266-1267 Reinlo of Stottinsheim 1388 Rudolf von Randegg 1598-1599 Hans Hartmann from Hallwyl
1269 Rudolf von Ofmaningen 1389 Vincenz von Bubenberg 1602-1603 Hans Hartmann from Hallwyl
1269 Rudolf von Iberg 1391-1398 Marquart of Baden 1604-1608 Hans Heinrich vonbahnen and Strotzburg
1272/76 Ulrich Walter von Klingen 1399 Adolf of Virminie 1609-1625 Johann Kaspar von Stadion
1281/84 Rudolf von Iberg 1400-1406 Marquart of Baden 1625 Hans Jakob Freiherr von Stain
1285 Konrad von Hagenbach 1407-1408 Stephan Ströwin 1626 Johann Kaspar von Stadion
1286/89 Ulrich von Jestetten 1409-1413 Marquart of Baden 1626-1629 Hans Jakob Freiherr von Stain
1291/97 Eberhard von Sulzberg 1416/19 Andreas von Mörsberg 1630-1650 Heinrich Schenk von Kastell
1299/1301 Albrecht von Klingenberg 1422/29 Pantaleon from Heidegg 1653-1660 Philipp Albrecht Freiherr von Berndorff
1305/07 Berthold von Buchegg 1432/40 Burkhard von Schellenberg 1660-1666 Johann Hartmann von Roggenbach
1316/31 Peter von Stoffeln 1444 Hans von Neuhausen 1666-1683 Johann Friedrich von Baaden
1334/36 Heinrich von Bingen 1450 Hans von Freiberg 1684-1688 Eberhart Truchseß from Rheinfelden
1345 Andreas von Herenken 1453 Wilhelm von Hailflingen 1688-1718 Johann Franz Freiherr von Reinach
1347/51 Heinrich von Ringgenberg 1457 Burkhard von Schellenberg 1721-1734 Konrad Karl Anton Freiherr von Pfirt
1358 Swiss chard from Brandis 1461 Hans Rudolf von Weiler 1736-1746 Johann Franz Karl Freiherr von Schönau
1369 Jakob von Reinach 1468-1490 Leonhard von Stetten 1747-1752 Baron Jakob Josef Ignaz Freiherr von Hagenberg
1370/72 Berchtold von Dankersweiler 1494 Empire of Reichenstein 1752-1757 Count Christian Moritz Eugen Franz von Königsegg
1372-1373 Franz Senn von Münsingen, Baron von Buchegg 1499-1519 George of Homburg 1758-1762 Beatus Anton Eusebius Freiherr von Schauenburg
1373 Arnold von Schaler 1521-1526 Ludwig von Reischach 1764-1783 Johann Baptist Freiherr von Eptingen
1374 Dietrich von Venningen 1526-1540 Georg von Andlau 1784-1791 Franz Joseph Freiherr von Lerchenfeld
1379-1383 Vincenz von Bubenberg 1542-1551 Friedrich von Homburg 1792-1802 Christian Friedrich Truchsess Freiherr von Rheinfelden
1384 Heinrich von Schletten 1555-1581 Hans Kaspar von Jestetten 1802-1805 Friedrich Heinrich Karl Freiherr von Landsberg
1385 Vincenz von Bubenberg 1582-1583 Hans Hartmann from Hallwyl 1806-1810 Domain administrator Ignaz Streicher (no Commander)

Hospital period 1813–1815

Sick bed in the seminar room at Beuggen Castle, drawing by Otto Ubbelohde (1867–1922)

In the Wars of Liberation , from December 1813, the buildings, which were initially vacant after secularization, served as a war hospital for Schwarzenberg's Austrian army . Schwarzenberg's Bohemian army, which lay between Geneva and Wissembourg , had set up quarters in Loerrach (→ Loerrach at the time of the Wars of Liberation ) and needed suitable accommodation behind the front line. The castle, which was abandoned and unused at that time, was declared a field hospital by the Austrian army. In a few weeks the castle and its outbuildings were completely filled with the sick and wounded.

The wounded suffered from typhus , smallpox and other diseases. Nurses and doctors were overwhelmed. In some cases, the contagious diseases spread to neighboring towns. In addition, the medication was insufficient for the sick. Since the staff no longer wanted to enter the hospital wards, openings were broken on some doors to allow food to pass through. These recesses can still be seen on the doors today.

Around 3,000 Austrian and 300 German dead soldiers from this hospital were buried in a mass grave near the castle; To commemorate this, a memorial was erected on June 25, 1911 near the railway line that runs about 100 meters east of the facility. The castle remained in a state of total neglect for five years.

Alleged stay of Kaspar Hauser in Beuggen Castle

Coat of arms drawings by Kaspar Hauser

According to a legend, Kaspar Hauser was kept hidden in Beuggen Castle as a toddler. Due to a courtly intrigue, he is said to have been the Hereditary Prince of Baden who was swapped for a dying child in the cradle (→ Hereditary Prince Theory of Kaspar Hauser ). As a possible first place of captivity of the boy is therefore Beuggen. Allegedly, Hauser lived there around 1815/16 with a nanny who supposedly came from Hungary, either in the rectory, in the small tea house in the castle park , or according to the ZDF television documentary murder case Kaspar Hauser in an alleged secret dungeon in the old rectory. The room was provisionally walled up and was only opened during filming after approval by the State Monuments Office. The film team found the archaic red chalk drawing of a horse on a beam 50 centimeters high. The origin and whereabouts of the drawing are unknown; the state monument office in Freiburg has not issued a statement. Later, on the orders of the Baden Grand Duke Ludwig , Kaspar is said to have been brought to Pilsach in the Upper Palatinate , before he appeared on Unschlittplatz in Nuremberg in 1828 as a person of mysterious origins.

History denies these assumptions. The archive director at the Bavarian Main State Archives and Professor of Modern History Reinhard Heydenreuter gives an overview: “After Linde's book at the latest, historians were largely in agreement that Kaspar Hauser was not the son of Grand Duke Karl ... and his wife Stéphanie de Beauharnais who was robbed and exchanged in 1812 The historian Fritz Trautz goes one step further: "The simple-minded fairy tale, which has moved many springs and found a lot of faith to this day, is in the ... book by Otto Mittelstädt about" Kaspar Hauser and his Baden princehood "(Heidelberg 1876 ) has been refuted in detail. "

The rumors about Hauser's stay in Beuggen began with the slander of the former Protestant clergyman Johannes Samuel Müller, who, after converting to Catholicism, was a cathedral preacher in Pressburg around 1830, to be explained as a result of religious fanaticism . Müller tried to use the Hungarian baroness Marianne von Majthényi and her former governess Anna Dalbonne, née Frisacco from Trieste and at the time of the abuse of the Countess von Palffy, as witnesses for his slander. When this failed, especially since Baroness von Majthényi had dismissed him as a tutor for mistreating her son, Müller accused both women of having incarcerated Kaspar Hauser. The judicial inquiries proved the allegations to be untenable. But “the two women never disappeared from the Kaspar books”, although “originally they didn't even have anything to do with Kaspar Hauser in Müller's denunciation.” The journalistic public around 1830 linked the still young rumor of Hauser's Baden origin the distorted news from Hungary and put governess Anna Dalbonne under close contact with the Baden court in Karlsruhe . Against the old political order, republican "accusations in the form of a novel" made use of this speculation and later plagiarized non-political and anonymous authors expanded them. This prehistory laid the groundwork for the belief that Kaspar Hauser temporarily stayed in Beuggen.

Coat of arms on the tea house
Coat of arms of the Kgr. Bavaria

Some real names and the location of South Baden were introduced in literary terms when the Kaspar Hauser researcher Fritz Klee tried to substantiate the rumors in 1929 and sketched it by Hauser , next to a puzzling message in a bottle on the Upper Rhine from 1816 (→ The Message in a Bottle from 1816 ) Coats of arms held as the strongest evidence of his stay in Beuggen. In his opinion they were very similar to the Beuggen Komtur coat of arms. But Hauser had apparently made the coat of arms sketches under the influence of his teacher and foster father Georg Friedrich Daumer , also shortly after the questioning of a somnambulistic clairvoyant who first mentioned a coat of arms in Hauser's presence. Kaspar Hauser's guardian, Baron Gottlieb von Tucher, reported on the creation of the drawings on December 25, 1829 to Ansbach's court president, Anselm von Feuerbach, and stated: "What similarity to the coat of arms described by the somnambulist !!"

The historian and former director of the Bavarian State Archives, Ivo Striedinger , dealt in detail with Klee's speculations and criticized, among other things, that the coat of arms drawings were borrowed from the Bavarian state coat of arms, which was in use from 1806 to 1835. In fact, there is no evidence of Kaspar Hauser's stay in Beuggen and Pilsach, because "the sources do not support such a claim."

Evangelical children's home 1820–1980

Signet of the children's home Schloss Beuggen

The Baden government left Beuggen Castle to the German Christianity Society under the leadership of Christian Friedrich Spittler and Christian Heinrich Zeller († 1860 there). There, on April 17, 1820, the German Christianity Society set up a seminar for teachers of the poor and a reforming home for neglected children. Four weeks later, the household comprised ten schoolteachers, 20 boys, ten girls, plus ten people for housekeeping as well as the management of Zeller and his family. The founder's model was Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi , who visited the home for four days in the summer of 1826 and was impressed by Zeller's work. The education of children as practiced at Schloss Beuggen was reserved for the upper class at the time. Zeller's initiative is therefore considered a pioneer for the Inner Mission , and the children's home became the model for numerous similar institutions in southwest Germany.

Beuggen Castle: pencil drawing from 1875

From May 25, 1877, the children's home was a Swiss institution on Baden soil. The castle and the land were purchased from the Baden domain for 50,000 guilders. The Swiss writer and staunch supporter of the Nazi ideology Jakob Schaffner spent seven years in the children's home as a child from 1884. He processed his experiences there in the novel Johannes. Childhood novel . Between 1912 and 1916, the Marburg painter and illustrator Otto Ubbelohde drew a large number of historicizing but also real representations of Beuggen Castle. There is a possibility that Ubbelohde was employed drawing teacher at the children's home during this time. At the time of the Third Reich , the German youth welfare offices refused to cooperate with the Swiss management. On June 28, 1937, the Association of Friends of the Beuggen Children's Home was founded in Lörrach. Evangelical religion teachers were trained in Beuggen between 1946 and 1953. In 1954 the property passed from the Basel Mission to the Evangelical Church in Baden .

Until 1980, Beuggen served as a Protestant children's home and teacher training college . Between 80 and 100 children were housed in the home. The conception of the extended family became obsolete and new educational currents caused the number of admissions to the children's home to decline. Even the school, which was newly built in 1978, could not reverse this development. The children's home was therefore finally closed in 1981. Today there is a branch of the Tüllinger Höhe children's home on the site.

Conference location 1985 to 2016

Since February 5, 1985, the castle has been used as a Protestant conference and meeting place, which is affiliated with the Association of Christian Hotels . In the run-up to this, on May 13, 1983, the church districts of Freiburg, Müllheim, Lörrach, Schopfheim and Hochrhein founded the Association of Evangelical Conference and Meeting Center Beuggen eV .

The first phase of conversion was completed in 1989. The House of Church Music , a training and further education facility of the Evangelical Church in Baden for church musicians, is located there. In addition, 15 conference rooms and halls offer space for six to a maximum of 200 people. The castle church can also be rented for events. In addition to a catering service, the castle also offers 54 guest rooms. The ADFC awarded the castle, which is located directly on the Rhine Valley Long Distance Cycle Route , the Southern Black Forest Cycle Route and the regional tourist route “ Mythical Places on the Upper Rhine ”, with the “Bed + Bike” quality mark. In 2010 the conference center received the “ Green Gockel ” environmental certificate from the regional church . In addition to in-house conferences and church services, seminars and celebrations take place in Beuggen Castle. In addition, the site is the location of an artisan and garden fair as well as other events every year.

In 2005 the Beuggen community settled in Castle Beuggen. A few years ago a floor maze was created in the area of ​​the former baroque park . In 2006, in connection with the redesign of the reception and dining rooms in the palace garden, a Bible garden was created , in which the annual conference of the network of German Bible gardens took place in July 2010.

In the course of the new construction of the Rheinfelden hydropower plant , the castle foundation had to be secured from 2008, as the water level of the Rhine is expected to rise by 1.40 meters at this point due to the backwater. For this purpose, the foundation walls were sealed with foils and injections . As part of the renovation and renovation measures, which lasted until 2009, the southern inner courtyard of the palace complex and the planting were renewed. In front of the facade of the old castle facing the Rhine, a small new bank terrace was added.

Sale of the plant to a private investor

In April 2014, the synod of the Protestant regional church in Baden decided to sell the conference venue. On April 20, 2016, the regional church council approved the sale of Schloss Beuggen to the architect Kai Flender. The actual transfer of the property to the new owner took place at the turn of the year 2016/2017. Kai Flender already owns a historic facility with Tiengen Castle . The future use has not yet been fully clarified. However, the regional church has included certain safeguards against inappropriate use in the purchase contract. The Schlosshotel Beuggen has been open since the beginning of March 2017, but the park is no longer open to the public.

architecture

Plant and surroundings

Site plan of the palace complex

The Beuggen palace complex is located in the Karsau district of Rheinfelden (Baden), which consists of the parts Karsau, Riedmatt and Beuggen. The palace complex in Beuggen is located on a nearly 250-meter-wide bank terrace, which is directly on the right bank of the Rhine. The complex is walled in a semicircle to the west. The center of this semicircle is just outside the northern corner of the Old Castle. This so-called standard floor plan often had a special meaning in medieval architecture. A circle with an axis cross was considered to be the image of Jerusalem , the city on which the German Order oriented itself. The floor plan of Beuggen could thus be understood as “half” Jerusalem. The walling extends to the banks of the Rhine , so that, together with the moat, there is an almost island-like situation. The moat south of the Upper Gate has been preserved. The circular walls from the 13th century were reinforced by the construction of a second wall around 1530. At least five round towers and a moat up to 20 meters wide and 7 meters deep protected Beuggen Castle. The northern part of the former moat was filled in. The main access is via the gatehouse .

The Beuggen buildings come from different eras and combine different architectural styles. Coats of arms and dates on the walls of the building refer to renovation measures and new constructions. The Teutonic Order built its castles primarily in the plains near rivers, so that the mill could operate. The facility is located at 274 meters above sea level. and is the oldest preserved of the former order (→ list of those coming of the Teutonic Order ). The B 34 and the Hochrheinbahn run west of Beuggen Castle. There is a railway stop at the castle. The Rheintal-Weg , a long -distance cycle path on the banks of the Rhine, leads through the middle of the castle grounds.

lock

As the main building of the complex, the castle is divided into two complexes. The so-called old castle (defense tower) on the Rhine is lightly plastered. The structure adjoining to the west with a red ledge is called the New Palace . The designations do not quite accurately reflect the facts, because the part that adjoins the fortified tower to the west also dates from the 13th century and was completed only a few years after the fortified tower. The rest of the building was built between 1585 and 1598. It is therefore more correct to assign the part up to the vertical row of windows east of the main portal also to the old castle.

Old castle

Facade of the old castle on the banks of the Rhine

The old castle, also known as the Knight's House, is a fortified tower on the Rhine, the lower floors of which were completed in 1268 at the latest. The square floor plan is about the same distance from the ring walls on all sides. The building has three floors with the kitchen, chapter house, dining room, dormitory and basement. Some pillars that have been preserved to this day come from tree trunks in Todtmoos . In the 13th and 14th century the Virgin was Maria consecrated chapel called. Their location is unknown, but is believed to be in the former parish corridor. The Basel earthquake in 1356 probably only slightly damaged the building. On the Rhine side there was a lavatory dungeon at the defense tower , which was demolished in 1878. Based on a floor plan from 1808, it contained two seats over the Rhine on each floor. On the same side of the facade there is a two-storey bay window built between 1543 and 1543 and a stepped gable . Both bay windows are accessible from the so-called knight's hall on the first floor . The remains of the battlements and the narrow Gothic windows on the third floor are reminiscent of the function of the defense tower . A round stair tower, which is slightly offset from the Rhine facade, dates from 1509. An inconspicuous elevator tower next to it was retrofitted in 1990.

The knight's hall from around 1420 is on the first floor of the defense tower. Its ceiling consists of two turned hulls . The green, profiled woods suggest a curvature that was extremely difficult to construct at the time. The ceiling rests on the outer walls and a longitudinal beam that extends to the third floor. The column supporting the longitudinal beam consists of two Black Forest fir trees wedged into each other and processed . The knight's hall is used today as a chapel and prayer room.

The Sonnenburg , the largest conference room in Beuggen Castle , is on the top, third floor . It offers space for up to 200 people and was previously used as a dormitory for the children's institution.

New lock

New lock
Entrance portal by Johann Caspar Bagnato at the New Palace

The New Castle goes back to Komtur Hans Hartmann von Hallwyl, who had it built in the Renaissance style between 1585 and 1598 during his tenure . The new building is a western extension of the existing castle, which no longer met the order's increased demands for a feudal lifestyle. The castle has four stair towers and several bay windows. During the tenure of Count Franz von Königsegg from 1752 to 1757, the renovation in the late Gothic style was carried out by the builder Johann Caspar Bagnato . The stair towers and a bay window on the south side were removed. The stairwell was moved into the interior of the building and a new portal was added, which is attributed to the Ticino plasterer Francesco Pozzi . He also created the stucco decoration in the Rococo style inside the castle.

The most important and representative hall of the new castle in terms of its design is the result of the collaboration between Bagnato and Pozzi and is called the Bagnato Hall . The hall was initially used as the commander's table room, later as a hospital room and was used as a seminar room at the time of the school for the poor. Today the room is used for readings, concerts and civil weddings. The stucco at the corners of the hall is remarkable, symbolizing the four elements of fire, water, air and earth through putti in cartouches . The putto, who represents the earth, wears a tiara and points with his finger at the globe, which shows the outlines of Italy and Rome. The representation symbolizes that the Teutonic Order is directly subordinate to the Pope . Between the windows two of the seven liberal arts of antiquity are depicted: geometry and astronomy.

  • Bagnato room

  • Stucco in the Bagnato hall

  • Detailed view of the door (breakthrough from the hospital era)

Castle Church

Building history

Castle church from the courtyard side

The first chapel presumably existed before 1298; the consecration of two altars of St. Catherine and St. Elizabeth was mentioned in a document that year. This suggests that the Church was completed before then. Their location is assumed to be on the former parish corridor. The second church could have stood northwest of today's castle church and was probably oriented across the current location. A document from 1497 mentions the consecration of the altar donated by the then Komtur Burkhard von Schellenberg, but there is no clear trace of the building. Until the beginning of the 16th century, the second building did not serve as a church, but possibly as a convent building. This thesis is supported by the examination of the wooden beams, according to which the building was divided into three floors, each about 3.80 meters high. In the 17th century the attached half-timbering and the floor ceilings were removed in order to insert a three-bay late Gothic vault . This church was originally the oratory of the Teutonic Brothers of the Kommende Beuggen. Since 1678 the Catholic community of Karsau-Beuggen used the building as a parish church. In 1908 it passed into the possession of the parish and served as a place of worship until 1995. In 1996 the church with the former rectory (Firmarie) was transferred to the Evangelical Church in Baden .

Building development Schloss Beuggen.png
Construction development of the Beuggen Castle

architecture

inside view

Today's church is located in the northern extension of the New Palace and is around 27 meters long, 10 meters wide and 13.50 meters high up to the eaves . This is followed by the approximately 8 meter high roof and a two-story roof turret with a Welscher hood . The clapboard roof turret above the choir measures 10 meters above the roof ridge ; at its top is the cross of the Teutonic Order. The longitudinal axis of the building is turned by 54.5 ° to the north from the east and thus atypically points more north than east. The castle church is a hall church , that is, it is a single-nave sacral building.

The sacristy adjoins the nave on the banks of the Rhine . The elongated structure is 17 meters long, around 3.50 meters wide and ends at the top with a pent roof . It partially covers two buttresses. In the wall there is a double wall plaque with the year 1609, which indicates the year of construction. Between the church and the castle there is a spiral staircase with the year 1504 or in the external entrance towards the sacristy 1509. From here you get to the gallery . Since the building was not to be connected to the castle at first, a gap of around 4 meters remained free.

The main entrance to the church is on the north-west side of the courtyard. The interior of the church hall measures 16.30 meters in length, 8.65 meters in width and 12.10 meters in height. On the north-western narrow side, the 5.40 meter wide choir arch is followed by a 1.35 meter deep part of the room. The choir itself is 19 centimeters higher than the nave and measures 7.85 meters in depth. The pseudo-architecture on the ceiling fresco and the cove create the impression that the church hall is closed off by a vault.

Furnishing

Ceiling fresco in the nave

The ceiling painting in the nave is attributed to Franz Ludwig Herrmann from Constance and was created between 1752 and 1757. The ceiling painting is attached to the vault like a panel painting . In the center of the picture is Elisabeth of Thuringia on a pedestal. A ceiling painting in the choir shows the coronation and ascension of the Blessed Virgin Mary . The representation of the religious theme corresponds with the Saints Elisabeth, Sebastian and Rochus , to whom the church was originally consecrated.

On the choir wall there is a fresco The Way to Golgotha with the city of Jerusalem in the background. During a renovation in 1885, instead of a high altar, H. Lander painted the mural St. Michael fights against Satan on the back wall in the choir . The pictures in the nave, which depict the martyrdom of Saint Erasmus and Saint Sebastian, were made by SM Grohmann around 1700. The paintings on the side altars ( Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian , Visions of Antonius of Padua ) on the side altars are by SG Hermann. The fresco in the Choir of the Assumption and Coronation of Mary comes from the Mainz court painter Giuseppe Appiani .

The pulpit with sound cover is remarkable , which can only be reached via a staircase of the later added sacristy. It was commissioned by the Teutonic Order and protrudes from the right-hand side when looking towards the choir and shows the four evangelists , angels with trumpets and a dove under the sound cover. Below the box-like room are the coats of arms of deceased Teutonic Knights. The late baroque furnishings include three almost identical blocks of choir stalls . Two of them have five seats; their location should be the same as the original. The seven-seater originally stood between the choir and the church, the former oratorio.

Stork tower

South side of the stork tower

The stork tower from around 1260 is one of the oldest buildings in the palace complex. In the course of time the tower was named Unterer Turm, Rheinfelder Tor and Prison Tower. It was given the name stork tower because the top of the tower has served as a breeding ground for storks for many years . The tower can only be accessed from the outside via a ladder. The three floors of the tower are connected by stairs and have no closable windows. On the south side above the archway there is a figure of a knight with a lance and a replica of the oldest coat of arms of Beuggen. In the passage is also the coat of arms of Georg von Andlau. He strengthened the palace complex after the Peasant Wars and built a gate next to the tower. In 1528 he had the passage through the stork tower walled up. The passage is open again; the Torburg from 1528 no longer exists; The beginnings of her can still be seen on the tower.

Upper gate and gatehouse

Exterior of the gatehouse
Gatehouse

The Upper Gate, which is the main entrance to the palace complex today, was built in 1260 and is also called the Säckinger Gate. The envious head on one of the bosses' cuboids had a demon-repellent function that was common at that time. The original gateway was bricked up in 1530 because it had become too narrow. Instead of this passage there is an arched window. You can guess the old passage from the exposed stones. Seen from the west, the new gate is a few meters to the right of the old one. In 1510 a round stair tower was built on the north side of the gatehouse and in 1533 a forge was built on the inside of the courtyard . The current gate tower was built in 1534 using the older parts of the ring wall. Since this happened under the rule of Georg von Andlau, his coat of arms adorns the archway. After the Thirty Years' War , the gate was repaired in 1663 and a half-timbered structure was added. The coat of arms of Komtur Johann Hartmann von Roggenbach comes from this time. In front of the passage there was originally a drawbridge over the moat. Parts of the bridge gate technology can still be seen. A small bridge leads over the ditch into the interior of the facility. The gatehouse is located south of the Upper Gate. There used to be a tavern and the gatekeeper's apartment there.

Firmarie

Firmarie

The priest Rudolf von Tüllikon had the rectory built as his retirement home in 1290 . He bequeathed the building to the Teutonic Order with the stipulation that it would "serve the order as a firm (correctly, actually, infirmary ; a monastic infirmary ) or beneficiary for its relatives". The firm was rebuilt in 1534 under Commander Georg von Andlau. Presumably around 1666, the building was extended by another floor, as indicated by a year in the coat of arms above the entrance. A son of Franz Anton Bagnato renovated the building in 1780. From 1585 to 1996 the house was used as a Catholic rectory. Since 1996 it served as a reception, later as the administrative area of ​​the Protestant conference and meeting center . In addition to several conference rooms, the building houses the headquarters of the House of Church Music , the Evangelical Adult Education Hochrhein-Lörrach-Schopfheim and the State Church Commissioner for Mission and Ecumenism (LMÖ) in southern Baden.

Mill and arch hall

Arch hall

The watermill at Beuggen Castle was built under Commander Hans Caspar von Stadion in 1614. The former watercourse of the stream leading to the mill across the castle courtyard can still be seen on the mill. Old millstones are nearby. The school for educational assistance uses the old mill for group work and as a teacher's apartment.

The arch hall built by Franz Anton Bagnato in 1794 is probably the last new building of the Teutonic Order in Beuggen. The outer wall ends with the moat. The side facing the courtyard is half-open and has seven equal half-arches. The building served as a carriage depot . Nowadays the hall is used for theater and cinema performances, concerts or exhibitions.

Guest house and barn

Guest house and barn

The building, which is now used as a guest house, previously served as a stable for cows and horses. The house was built in 1746 and 1747 under the direction of Johann Caspar Bagnato, who was also in charge of the renovation work on the basilica in Birndorf , which was part of the Teutonic Order . The coachman and servants were accommodated on the first floor . In 1987/88 it was converted into a guest house with 28 guest rooms, some of which are handicapped accessible.

The barn was rebuilt in 1902. The original construction from around 1530 was a tithe barn three times the size . In 1900 it burned down to the north wall. This was included in the new building. In addition, a deeply shaped corner stone of the original building has been preserved, which is located in the middle of the lawn. These stones protected the edges of the building from the harvest wagons turning the corner. The old outlines of the original building can be seen from the different vegetation on the meadow. The workshop of the conference center is located on the ground floor. An apartment on the first floor, renovated in 1988, can be reached via an external staircase.

Schütte, tea house and yard

tea house
Chute
court

The chute ( storage , grain house ) was built in several stages from the 1600th Changes and extensions took place in 1668 and 1780. The building previously housed the Trotthaus, the press, the cooperage, a wine cellar and a joinery. During the time of the children's home, the building was used as a gymnasium at times. The guest rooms have been located there since the facility has served as a conference and meeting place. A Christian community has lived in the Schütte since the beginning of 2006 ( Community Beuggen ). Adjacent to the Schütte is the Friedrich-Kraft-Bau , named after Friedrich Kraft - pastor and former head of the Evangelical Children's Home Schloss Beuggen - which nowadays serves the community as a common room as well as a kitchen and living room. Before 1838 there was a carriage shed on the site of the building.

The tea house , located directly on the banks of the Rhine, is one of the few remaining structural evidence of a baroque garden that the Beuggen Commander Johann Franz Freiherr von Reinach planned around 1700. Above the entrance door of the tea house there is a coat of arms with the year 1694, which is an important indicator of Kaspar Hauser's stay at Beuggen Castle. The building on an avenue of lime trees was renovated in 1990.

Outside the Beuggen complex there is a farm in the south . It was already mentioned in the donation in 1246 and has been preserved in its original location. The farm has been privately owned since the secularization of 1806 and is managed as a sideline.

literature

Architecture and history

  • Luisa Galioto, Bertram Jenisch, Thilo Jordan, Mathias Reinauer: 800 years of construction history of Schloss Beuggen: Archaeological investigations in the former Teutonic Order near Rheinfelden, district of Lörrach. In: Erik Beck, Eva-Maria Butz, Martin Strotz, Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz (eds.): Burgen im Breisgau. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 978-3-7995-7368-9 , pp. 337–342
  • Andreas Völker: Stromzeit - memories of the Schloss Beuggen children's home . 2011, ISBN 978-3-942066-03-7 .
  • Freundeskreis Schloss Beuggen eV (Ed.): Schloss Beuggen. History - Buildings - Present , print: H. Deiner, Lörrach 2008; Extract from: Schloss Beuggen. History - Buildings - Present (pdf; 1.9 MB)
  • Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz (eds.): The castles in medieval Breisgau II: southern part, half volume A - K , Thorbecke Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 345-370.
  • Jost Baier: Beuggen Castle , Museum Group Beuggen Castle (ed.), 2007
  • Dagmar Zimdars, Günter Eckstein: The former Teutonic Order Church in Beuggen , preliminary investigation, repair and restoration that is gentle on the substance, (workbook Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg ; 6), Stuttgart: Theiss, 1999, ISBN 3-8062-1463-8
  • Hermann Brommer : Rheinfelden Baden, Beuggen-Karsau (art guide; No. 2179), Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 1995
  • Marliese Sehringer: History of the Teutonic Order Castle Beuggen. In: Das Markgräflerland Volume 2/1997, pp. 21–38 Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  • Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas . Verlag Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , pp. 255-258.
  • Peter Heim : The German Order Coming Beuggen and the beginnings of the Alsace-Burgundy Ballei: from its origin to the Reformation (sources and studies on the history of the Teutonic Order; 32), Bonn-Bad Godesberg: Verl. Wiss. Archive, 1977. Also: Basel, Univ., Diss., 1971
  • Hermann Brommer (Ed.): The German Order and the Ballei Alsace-Burgundy , Konkordia Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-7826-1263-9
  • Claudia Schindler-Hermann: Fleeting glances into paradise. The Biblical Garden Beuggen. Self-published by Skarabäus-Werkstatt, Schopfheim 2010.
  • Moriz Gmelin: Friedrich von Honburg, a belligerent and unruly Teutonic order commander from the first half of the 16th century. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 27, 1875, pp. 344–382 in the Internet Archive
  • Marlies Sehringer, Bernhard Bischoff, Hans-Jürgen Schmidt: Beuggen Castle. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, first edition 1990, ISBN 3-7954-0722-2 .
  • J. Klentschi, Eugen Zeller: The Teutonic Order House Beuggen then and now. 1246-1894. Basel, 1894

Document book of the Deutschordens-Commende Beuggen

  • Moriz Gmelin : Document book of the Teutonic Order Commende Beuggen. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 28, 1876, pp. 78–127 in the Internet Archive
  • Moriz Gmelin: Document book of the Teutonic Order Commende Beuggen. Continuation. 1266-1299. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 28, 1876, pp. 376-438 in the Internet Archive
  • Moriz Gmelin: Document book of the Teutonic Order Commende Beuggen. Continuation (1300 to 1349). In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 29, 1877, pp. 163-260 in the Internet Archive
  • Moriz Gmelin: Document book of the Teutonic Order Commende Beuggen. Continuation (1351-1499). In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 30, 1878, pp. 213–322 in the Internet Archive
  • Moriz Gmelin: Document book of the Teutonic Order Commende Beuggen (conclusion). In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 31, 1879, pp. 168-233 in the Internet Archive

Web links

Commons : Schloss Beuggen  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Bader: Badenia or the Badische Land und Volk, Vol. I, 1859, p. 131
  2. ↑ Beuggen Castle. History - Buildings - Present , page 7.
  3. ↑ The spelling is inconsistent: also Bukein, Buchhein or Bukhein.
  4. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart B 343 U 521.
  5. ↑ Baier: Beuggen Castle , page 5.
  6. ↑ JA Pupikofer: History of the barons of Alten-Klingen, Klingnau and Hohenklingen in Thurgau's contributions to patriotic history , Vol. 10
  7. ↑ Copy book of the German Order Coming Beuggen, Certificate No. 17, Regeste in ZGORh. Vol. 28, p. 90
  8. ↑ an exact year does not exist.
  9. ↑ In the 14th century, those coming from the Alsatian order of the German order were destroyed and looted several times.
  10. ^ Brommer: The Teutonic Order and the Alsace-Burgundy Ballei , page 226.
  11. ↑ Beuggen Castle. History - Buildings - Present , page 8
  12. ↑ a b Castle Beuggen. History - Buildings - Present , page 9
  13. ^ Brommer: The Teutonic Order and the Alsace-Burgundy Ballei , page 124
  14. ^ Brommer: The Teutonic Order and the Alsace-Burgundy Ballei , page 122
  15. ↑ Hugo von Tiefenstein?
  16. ^ Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 27, 1875, pp. 344ff
  17. ↑ Baier: Schloss Beuggen , page 52
  18. ↑ Beuggen Castle. History - Buildings - Present , page 10
  19. ↑ Beuggen Castle. History - Buildings - Present , page 11
  20. ^ ZDF series Sphinx: Murder Case Kaspar Hauser - Traces on the Rhine ( Memento from January 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ^ A b Reinhard Heydenreuter: King Ludwig I and the case of Kaspar Hauser , in: State and administration in Bavaria. Festschrift for Wilhelm Volkert on his 75th birthday. Edited by Konrad Ackermann and Alois Schmid, Munich 2003, p. 465ff.
  22. ↑ Fritz Trautz : On the problem of personality interpretation: On the occasion of the Kaspar Hauser book by Jean Mistler , in: Francia 2, 1974, p. 723
  23. ^ Antonius van der Linde: Kaspar Hauser. A modern legend , 2 volumes, Wiesbaden 1887, 1st volume, pp. 195ff, ( online here )
  24. ^ Fritz Klee: New Contributions to Kaspar Hauser Research , Nuremberg 1929. Reprinted by Kaspar Hauser Verlag, Offenbach, undated, p. 39f. and p. 63.
  25. ↑ Manfred Dietenberger: Kaspar Hauser - A demythologization . In: Horst Boxler (ed.), Land between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest. Contributions to the history of the district of Waldshut, special edition 1, year 1997, p. 163f.
  26. ↑ Johannes Mayer and Peter Tradowsky: Kaspar Hauser, the child of Europe : shown in words and pictures, Stuttgart 1984, Figure 83, p. 382. (The authors give a wrong date)
  27. ^ Ivo Striedinger: New literature on Kaspar Hauser , in: Journal for Bavarian State History, 6th year 1933, page 446
  28. ↑ Reinhard Heydenreuter: Kriminalgeschichte Bayerns , Regensburg 2003, p. 283
  29. ^ Ernst Schering: Johannes Falk . Life and work in the upheaval of times . Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 1961, p. 125.
  30. ↑ Beuggen Castle. History - Buildings - Present , p. 12.
  31. ↑ Baier: Schloss Beuggen , page 62
  32. ^ Gerhard Krause, Gerhard Müller: Theologische Realenzyklopädie , Vol. 36, T. 4-5, p. 354.
  33. ↑ Baier: Schloss Beuggen , page 68
  34. ↑ Biographical research on Otto Ubbelohde cannot exactly reconstruct this period up to today (2008). Evidence for a job Ubbelohde in Beuggen is lacking, but the abundance of representations makes this thesis plausible.
  35. ↑ Beuggen Castle. History - Buildings - Present , page 13
  36. ^ Ingrid Böhm-Jacob: Rheinfelden: Castle Beuggen belongs to Kai Flender. Badische Zeitung, April 23, 2016, accessed on March 10, 2017 .
  37. ^ Sehringer, Bischoff, Schmidt: Castle Beuggen. P. 15
  38. ^ Evangelical regional church in Baden: Conference houses of the regional church receive an environmental certificate. In: ekiba.de. April 15, 2010, accessed September 1, 2019 .
  39. ↑ frsw.de: New tour de force at Castle Beuggen
  40. ↑ Doris Banzhaf: Investor takes over Schloss Beuggen at the turn of the year 2016/17. In the next step, the regional church clarifies future joint use. Retrieved April 23, 2016
  41. ↑ Homepage of the architecture office with the monument protection projects
  42. ^ Verena Pichler: Rheinfelden: Park of Beuggen Castle is no longer open to the public. Badische Zeitung, March 9, 2017, accessed on March 10, 2017 .
  43. ^ Brommer: The Teutonic Order and the Alsace-Burgundy Ballei , page 316
  44. ↑ Zettler, Thomas Zotz (ed.): The castles in medieval Breisgau II: southern part, half volume A - K , p. 345
  45. ↑ measured against the castle church
  46. ↑ Baier: Schloss Beuggen , page 24
  47. ↑ Werner Meyer : Basel would fall into disrepair everywhere. The Basel earthquake of 1356. , Schwabe, Basel 2006, ISBN 3-7965-2196-7 , page 67
  48. ↑ this emerges from GLA G Beuggen 8
  49. ↑ a b Baier: Beuggen Castle , page 39
  50. ↑ a b Baier: Beuggen Castle , page 41
  51. ^ Website of the community living in Schloss Beuggen

Coordinates: 47 ° 34 ′ 52 ″  N , 7 ° 48 ′ 46 ″  E


This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on June 25, 2008 .