Günterstal Monastery
| Günterstal Monastery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
_1_ShiftN.jpg) Liebfrauenkirche and former monastery building
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| medal | Cistercians | ||
| founding year | around 1221 | ||
| Cancellation / year | 1806 | ||
| Patronage | Mary (mother of Jesus) | ||
| location | |||
| country | Germany | ||
| region | Baden-Württemberg | ||
| place | Günterstal | ||
| Geographical location | 47 ° 58 ' N , 7 ° 52' E | ||
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| Location in Baden-Württemberg | |||
The monastery Günterstal was a Cistercian abbey in today Freiburg district Günterstal that existed from 1221 to 1806.
history
The first documented mention took place on September 15, 1224, the day on which the Bishop of Constance Konrad II of Tegerfelden consecrated an altar in the not yet completed monastery chapel. In later depictions of the monastery itself, however, the year 1221 was named as the year of foundation. A nobleman from Kybfelsen Castle is said to have donated the monastery for his two daughters Adelheid and Berta. The two were joined by other women who wanted to live in the monastic community. This community soon came into contact with the Cistercian men's monastery in Tennenbach .
It is believed that she was accepted into the Cistercian order soon after 1224. The abbot of Tennenbach was the father-abbot of the Günterstal monastery until secularization . As such, he supervised the monastery, made visitations and was responsible for the election of the abbess and her inauguration. 1233 confirmed Pope Gregory IX. the monastery his possessions. In 1238 the monastery moved to Oberried , where the nuns only stayed six years and then returned to Günterstal. In 1246 Pope Innocent IV also confirmed to the monastery the goods and rights that had meanwhile been increased through donations. One of the most important acquisitions was the Günterstaler Dinghof of the St. Peter Monastery, which had been exchanged for a farm in Scherzingen.
A list of properties from 1344 shows that the monastery had properties in 90 localities at that time, including today's Mundenhof municipal animal enclosure . During this time, the Günterstal community included around 25 houses in addition to other property. Noble families in the region such as B. the Küchlin , the Giving and the Schnewlin make donations to the monastery. Their unmarried daughters entering the monastery, unlike in a so-called ladies' monastery, have to transfer all property to the monastery and provide the abbesses, who also had a seat and vote in the Upper Austrian provinces . The bailiffs chose the monastery from the local aristocracy, who were also among the benefactors of the monastery (e.g. the Schnewlin , Falkenstein , Blumegg ).
The inhabitants of the Günterstal monastery were on the one hand the leading aristocratic convent women and on the other hand lay sisters and servants. The chaplain and confessor were provided by the Tennenbach Monastery. The monastery also participated in the development of agricultural areas through clearing . A larger monastery building became necessary as early as 1278. In 1279 the first abbess, Adelheid († 1281), resigned from her office.
In 1486 the monastery was affected by a flood. The monastery was plundered several times in times of war. During the Peasants' War in May 1525, the abbess Agnes von Tußlingen fled to Freiburg, where she died. The monastery was looted by the farmers and afterwards made a claim for damages of 2118 guilders. In 1632 the women of the monastery narrowly escaped the Swedes by fling to the Rheinau monastery .
In 1674, the monastery under Abbess Agnes von Greuth released its subjects from serfdom. After the economic situation improved, in 1727 Abbess Maria Rosa von Neveu made the decision to replace the old monastery building with a new one. In the period from 1728 to 1738, a completely new, baroque monastery complex, which also included a new monastery church, was built under the pious and energetic abbess Maria Franziska Cajetana von Zurthannen, who came from the Black Forest, according to the plans of Peter Thumb .
The secularization
The monastery survived the Josephine reforms . After the Electorate of Baden had declared all Breisgau monasteries and monasteries to be abolished on January 30, 1806, it took formal possession of Günterstal Monastery on February 3. The abbess and her co-sisters received pensions from the state and left the monastery building before October 25th. The last nun of the convent died in 1843.
The abbesses
The last abbess was Maria Francisca von Thurn und Valsassina from 1770 to 1806 .
| Surname | Life dates | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adelheid (from Horben?) | ? - 1281 | 1224-1279 | |
| Adelheidis | 1285 | ||
| Heintrudis from Müllheim | 1287-1291 | An altar is consecrated in 1293 | |
| Good | 1292 -? | ||
| Anna Lapp | 1297 -? | comes from a noble family from Freiburg | |
| Adelheid von Munzingen | 1305 -? | ||
| Anna Lapp | 1311-1324 | second term | |
| Agnes Tegenhard | 1325 -? | ||
| Elisabeth of Schlettstadt | 1329/1330 | ||
| Katharina Schwab | 1333 | ||
| Mechthild Opfinger | 1334-1348 | ||
| Katharina Morser | 1357-1359 | ||
| Mechthild Opfinger | 1360-1366 | second term | |
| Katharina Morser | † 1373 | 1366-1373 | second term |
| Elisabeth | 1376-1388 | causes the Abbot of Tennenbach to give up his function as father abbot. | |
| Anna Meiger | † 1418 | 1401-1412 | |
| Klara von Hornberg | † 1418 | 1401-1412 | |
| Margarethe Brenner | 1431-1464 | The church ban was imposed on the monastery and lifted again in 1435 | |
| Verena Tegelin von Wangen | † 1490 | 1457-1480 | |
| Mechthild from Falkenstein | † 1482 | 1480-1482 | |
| Agnes von Tusslingen | 1482-1504 | In 1482 the monastery had 29 convent women and 3 lay sisters | |
| Veronica von Müllheim | † 1508 | 1504-1508 | |
| Agnes von Tusslingen | † 1525 | 1508-1525 | second term; flees to Freiburg during the Peasants' War, where she dies and is buried |
| Kunigund Roeder von Diersburg | † 1530 | 1525-1530 | |
| Maria Schnewlin from Bollschweil | 1530-1534 | ||
| Verena Tegelin of Wangen II | † 1551 | 1534-1540 | resigns after a dispute with the Convention |
| Maria von Roggenbach | † | 1540 - | |
| gap | 1540-1669 | ||
| Maria Agnes von Greuth | ? - 1694 | 1669-1694 | the convent has 14 sisters, 2 novices and 5 lay sisters |
| Maria Francisca of Grammont | 1668-1716 | 1696-1716 | |
| Maria Rosa of Neveu | ? - 1728 | 1716-1728 | began building a new church in 1728 with the builder Peter Thumb |
| Maria Francisca Cajetana by Zurthannen | 1695-1770 | 1728-1770 | had the baroque monastery built |
| Maria Francisca von Thurn and Valsassina | 1740-1808 | 1770-1806 | In 1780 the monastery had 19 sisters (choir women) and 10 lay sisters; 1806 6 sisters and 5 lay sisters in addition to the abbess |
The monastery after secularization
The company Friedrich Mez & Comp. Founded on June 1, 1812. bought the monastery building with outbuildings and land for 8,000 guilders on September 5, 1812. She set up a cotton mill which, however, had to be auctioned off at a loss in 1817. The new owners, Benedikt and Marquard von Hermann, mainly employed children between the ages of 12 and 14 in the spinning mill. On the night of April 3rd to 4th, 1829, the spinning mill burned down to a large extent, with rumors of arson spreading - possibly also by the owners themselves. A reward was also offered for hints.
The southern and western wings of the former monastery building were completely destroyed, the other two burned down except for the first floor. These two wings were rebuilt. Instead of the spinning mill, however, a brewery has now been set up there. A weaving mill was operated in an outbuilding. After the owner's death in 1840, his widow sold the brewery to Gustav Schelte in 1845. The weaving mill was continued by the Hermann family. In 1859 further partners were taken on, who now ran the business under the company Mechanical Cotton Weaving Mill Güntersthal until it was completely taken over by a Swiss partner, Gottlieb Siebenmann, in 1864. The municipal orphanage foundation in Freiburg had acquired the brewery from Mathäus Jungmaier in 1892 and set up an orphanage there . In 1896 the Siebenmann Foundation also bought the old monastery building. Today the two rebuilt wings of the former monastery house the boarding school of the Franco-German high school in Freiburg, a kindergarten and other social facilities.
The Liebfrauenkirche
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The monastery church (today Liebfrauenkirche), which was also destroyed in the fire of 1829, was also rebuilt in a modest form by the Baden state in 1833/34 according to the plans of Gottlieb Lumpp , with parts of the old facade being reused. The original equipment was lost; three altars from the demolished Tennenbach Monastery were brought to Günterstal. The altar hall and the tabernacle structure of the current high altar are still there today.
After renovations in 1898 and 1971, the church was last renovated in the years 1998 to 2002, whereby efforts were made to restore the original interior as possible. On the gallery in the entrance area is the organ , which was installed in 1973 by the organ workshop Fischer & Krämer from Endingen and replaced an older instrument from 1871. It has 38 registers on three manuals and pedal and was renovated by the builder company in 2009. In addition, a single manual organ positive with five registers from the English organ builder Peter Collins was purchased for the altar area in 1995 .
The church is used by the Catholic pastoral care unit Freiburg Wiehre-Günterstal.
literature
- Humbertus Pfaundler: Historical description of the Cistercian convent Günterstal near Freiburg i. Br. , Manuscript from 1753 Freiburg historical holdings - digital
- Josef Bader : The fate of the former Güntersthal women's monastery near Freiburg i. Br. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive . Volume 5 (1870) pp. 119-206 Freiburg University Library
- Ernst Dreher: Church, monastery and chapels in Günterstal . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 106 (1987), pp. 31-68 Freiburg University Library
- Ernst Dreher: The Günterstal Monastery: from the election of the last abbess (1770) to the French Revolution (1789) . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 108 (1989), pp. 169–194 UB Freiburg
- Ernst Dreher: Notes on the founding history of the Cistercian convents Wonnental and Günterstal . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 110 (1991), pp. 109–118 UB Freiburg
- Ernst Dreher: Günterstal in 1795 . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 112 (1993), pp. 105-134 UB Freiburg
- Ernst Dreher: The community Günterstal between 1806 and 1830 , In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 114 (1995), pp. 135–161 UB Freiburg
- Ernst Dreher: The Günterstal community from 1806 to 1830 (2nd part) . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 116 (1997), pp. 253-281, Freiburg University Library
- Ernst Dreher: The abbesses of the Cistercian convent Günterstal . In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 120 (2000) pp. 5–51 Freiburg University Library
- Karl Suso Frank : Catholic parish church Liebfrauen Freiburg-Günterstal . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lichtenberg 2005, ISBN 3-89870-231-6
- Franz Josef Gemmert: The fate of the textile factories in the secularized Breisgau monasteries . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 77 (1959), pp. 62–89, Günterstal pp. 76–82 UB Freiburg
- Karin Groll-Jörger: Günterstal. Volume 1: From secularization to incorporation . Freiburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-935737-26-5
- Constanze Kienast: Be in possession and you live right. The Günterstaler Berain from 1344: a typical representative of medieval lists of goods? . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 112 (1993), pp. 31-48 Freiburg University Library
- Albert Krieger, Baden Historical Commission (ed.): Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Volume 1. Heidelberg 1904, Col. 792-797 online at Heidelberg University Library
- Fritz Ziegler: Heraldic sculptures of the Günterstal monastery . In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 51–53 (1926), pp. 88–92 Freiburg University Library
- Fridrich Pfaff: The Günterstaler palm donkey . In: Alemannia. Journal of Alemannic and Franconian History, Folklore, Art and Language , Volume 39, 1911, p. 160 (PDF)
Web links
- Cistercian abbey Günterstal in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
- Entry on badische-seiten.de; Retrieved March 25, 2014
- Page on the homepage of the Freiburg monastery administration; Retrieved March 25, 2014
- Church of Our Lady . badische-seiten.de; accessed on March 26, 2014
- Manuscripts of the provenance Güntherstal in the digital collections of the Badische Landesbibliothek
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Suso Frank p. 1.
- ↑ also instruction abbot or pater immediatelyus; s. Dreher 2000, p. 10.
- ↑ Bader, p. 138.
- ↑ Bader, p. 140.
- ↑ Bader p. 141.
- ^ Karl Seith : The Markgräflerland and the Markgräfler in the Peasants' War of 1525. Karlsruhe 1926, p. 61 and 97.
- ↑ Dreher: Abbesses , p. 47.
- ↑ The abbess received 1,500 gulden per year, the two oldest sisters 500 gulden each, the other sisters 450 gulden and the lay sisters 250 gulden - in total 5,550 gulden; the income of the nationalized monastery was estimated at 15,609 guilders.
- ↑ In the inventory of June 1806 this property was valued at 30,000 guilders.
- ↑ Freiburg newspaper , April 6, 1829, No. 96, p. 475, Freiburg University Library .
- ↑ Dreher 1997, pp. 260-261.
- ↑ Freiburg newspaper , No. 99, p. 493 of April 9, 1829 Freiburg University Library ; Freiburger Zeitung , April 22, 1829, No. 112, p. 562, Freiburg University Library ; Freiburg newspaper , April 25, 1829, No. 115, p. 578, Freiburg University Library .
- ↑ Gemmert p. 82.
- ↑ A short history of the Franco-German boarding school online on its homepage
- ^ Karl Suso Frank, p. 28.
- ↑ orgel-verzeichnis.de: Freiburg im Breisgau / Günterstal - Church of Our Lady
- ↑ Liebfrauenkirche on the homepage of the pastoral care unit Freiburg Wiehre-Güntertal online
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