St. Trudpert Monastery

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St. Trudpert monastery complex

St. Trudpert was a Benedictine monastery in the southern Black Forest , originated in the beginning of the 9th century and secularized in 1806. Today the monastery belonging to the municipality of Münstertal / Black Forest is the Ordenshaus of the congregation of the sisters of St. Joseph of Saint Marc .

history

The monastery St. Trudpert goes medieval According to tradition, the sacred Trudpert , one in the south black forest missionary Irish and Martyr (first half of the 7th century), back. He built a hermitage in the Münstertal in the southern Black Forest , which was probably only converted into a monastery in the (beginning?) 9th century. The monastic community was supported by the Upper Alsatian aristocratic family of the Liutfride around 900 at the latest ; translations of Trudpert relics are attested for 901 and shortly after 965 . On April 3, 1144, Pope Lucius II took the monastery of St. Trudpert under the protection of the papal see and confirmed its freedoms and possessions. Church ties to the Strasbourg diocese that existed at this time were reflected in the patronage rights of the bishops in the 13th century . Church reform and the investiture controversy seem to have left no traces in St. Trudpert, the manorial rule extended mainly in the Münstertal, Breisgau , Ortenau and Alsace , whereby a certain concentration of property occurred in the late Middle Ages and so the monastery z. B. in Tunsel , at the exit of the Münstertal, the local rule. In addition, the parishes in Münstertal, Grunern , Krozingen , Tunsel, Laufen , Biengen u. a. Silver mining, which emerged in the High Middle Ages , could also be used by the spiritual community. Due to mining, the town of Munster below the abbey developed, which was destroyed by gunmen from Freiburg in 1346 together with the Scharfenstein Castle of the Lords of Staufen , and as a result of this attack and a stream flooding that carried part of this town away. The monastery apparently overcame the economic decline in the second half of the 14th century under Abbot Paul I (1435-1455). In 1525 St. Trudpert was affected by looting during the Peasants' War .

At an unknown point in time, the Lords of Staufen , Ministeriales of the Dukes of Zähringen , won bailiff rights over St. Trudpert. Forgery of monastic documents is the reason why reliable documentary evidence is only available for the Staufen people for 1218. An upper bailiwick of the counts (or dukes) of Habsburg is first documented for 1277, so that the lords of Staufen functioned as Habsburg sub-bailiffs until their extinction (1602). The Habsburg upper bailiwick also meant that the monastery became part of the Upper Austrian provincial rule and thus Habsburg prelate monastery with a state estate and seat on the prelate bank of the Breisgau state estates . As such, the monastery took part in the secularization of 1806 and then came to the Grand Duchy of Baden .

Construction activity

Interior view of the monastery church

Several medieval monastery complexes / churches are attested, such as a renewal of the monastery in 902 and then again - after a Hungarian invasion in the beginning of the 10th century (?) - before 962. The three-aisled basilica was extended by a westwork around 1100 and was built in the 15th century new closed building and a gothic long choir . The destruction of the monastery buildings by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War in 1632 was followed by an initially provisional reconstruction, which had to give way to the new baroque church in 1712/1716 . The frescoes are by Francesco Antonio Giorgioli , and the two plasterers Michele Angelo de Prevosti and Carpoforo Caratti-Orsatti came from the Italian exclave of Campione , with whom the abbot signed the contract in September 1716 for the stucco decorations , which are delicate and delicate. Following the example of the organ in Säckingen , the organ maker Joseph Schütt from Laufenburg undertook in 1717 to build an organ with 22 stops , which was first heard in 1722. In 1737 the monastery commissioned the builder Peter Thumb to redesign the church facade and the monastery.

Today's organ in the monastery basilica has 38 stops on three manual works and a pedal.

I Rückpositiv C–
1. Dacked wood 8th'
2. Prefix 4 ′
3. Principal 2 ′
4th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
5. Octave 1'
6th Cymbel II-III
7th Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II main work C–
8th. Quintad 16 ′
9. Principal 8th'
10. Wooden flute 8th'
11. Pointed 8th'
12. Octav 4 ′
13. Reed flute 4 ′
14th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Schwegel 2 ′
16. Acuta III
17th Mixture IV
18th Cornett III 8th'
19th Trumpet 8th'
III Swell C–
20th Gamba 8th'
21st Roughly dumped 8th'
22nd Principal 4 ′
23. Coupling flute 4 ′
24. recorder 2 ′
25th Sesquialter I-II
26th Scharff III-IV
27. Dulcian 16 ′
28. Hautbois 8th'
29 zinc 4 ′
tremolo
Pedals C–
30th Principal 16 ′
31. Sub bass 16 ′
32. Octav 8th'
33. Gemshorn 8th'
34. Chorale flute 4 ′
35. Night horn 2 ′
36. Back set IV
37. trombone 16 ′
38. Trumpet 8th'
  • Coupling : I / II, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

Monastery library

A manuscript from the second half of the 14th century comes from the medieval monastery library and contains the “ St. Trudperter Hohelied ”, the “first book of German mysticism ”, a Lower Alemannic text from the 12th century. Despite the name, the origin of the Song of Songs is not suspected today in St. Trudpert, but in the Benedictine Abbey of Admont in Styria .

Modern times

Aerial view of St. Trudpert in August 2016

The congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Saint Marc, which still exists today, is one of the partners in the Regional Association of Church Hospitals gGmbH, which was founded in 2000 . The sisters of the congregation are u. a. active in the Heidelberg clinic Sankt Elisabeth and in the REHA clinic St. Marien in Bad Bellingen .

On August 17, 1986, a thunderstorm with hailstones the size of hens fell over Münstertal. The monastery in particular was badly damaged. The roofs of the rectory and the parish church were brickless and the greenhouse was a heap of rubble. 300,000 roof tiles had to be procured in a short time. The repair of the damage amounting to millions lasted until 1988/89.

Former church treasure

The Benedictine abbey owned important goldsmiths since the Middle Ages . Of the cross reliquaries , only the older, Niellokreuz from St. Trudpert - probably created around 1175–1180 in southwest Germany - has been preserved on site and in the possession of the parish. The donor's inscription naming Gottfried speaks in favor of a donation of the silver sculptures by a gentleman from Staufen, which can easily be related to Gottfried von Staufen who died after 1177.

The high-Gothic lecture cross , partly made of pure gold, on the other hand, which also served (until 1875) to present a cross relic, was given to the Benedictine Abbey of Mariastein / Switzerland in 1805 because of the threatened secularization of the monastery , from which it was transferred to the Basilewsky art collection in 1874/1877 and from There it was sold to the Hermitage (Saint Petersburg) in 1885 , where it is still located today. It was probably created in Freiburg around 1280, when the monastery had already come under Habsburg patronage. The crucifix, attached to a thin cross, is accompanied by free-standing, fully rounded figures of Mary and John . The square ends of the beams show the risen Christ , Ecclesia and the synagogue .

About Basilewsky and the Hermitage also with filigree tendrils came nielloed apostle figures and typological scenes most elaborately wrought Romanesque chalice with paten and two suction tubes (Freiburg, 1250) in the art trade and from there in 1947 in the Cloisters Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Abbots of St. Trudpert

The following list is based mainly on the studies by Willibald Strohmeyer

  • Erchenbald (815)
  • Humbertus (Provost?, Abbot?) (833 or 878?)
  • Walderich (Abbot) (902)
  • Adalbero (Provost) (968)
  • Eberhard (Abbot) (1144–1156)
  • Rutger (1181)
  • Hugo (1184–1189?)
  • Henry I (1186-1215)
  • Konrad (1216-1242)
  • Absolon (1242)
  • Werner I. (1246-1288)
  • Werner II. (1288-1302)

14th Century

  • Bertold (1302-1310)
  • Henry II (1310-1319)
  • Werner III. (1319-1354?)
  • Nicholas I (1363? -1384)
  • Diethelm von Staufen (1384–1410)

15th century

  • Ulrich (1411)
  • Konrad Löser (1412–1432)
  • Paul I (1435-1455)
  • Nicholas II. Zeller (1455–1483)
  • Rudolf Schmidlin (1484–1487)
  • Othmar Arnold (1487–1505)

16th Century

  • Aegidius (1505-1510)
  • Martin I. Gyr (1510-1526)
  • Martin II. Löffler (1529–1543)
  • Melchior Rebstock (1543–1565)
  • Georg Helle (1567–1573)
  • Jakob Watterdinger (1573–1594)
  • Georg Heilgard (1594–1596)
  • Johannes Erhard (1596–1598)
  • Thomas Füchslin (1598–1604)

17th century

  • Jakob Daigger (1604–1624)
  • Johannes Rösch (1628–1633)
  • Georg Garnet (1633–1665)
  • Roman Edel (1665–1694)
  • Augustin Sengler (1694–1731)

18th century

  • Franz Herrmann (1731–1737)
  • Cölestin Herrmann (1738–1749)
  • Columbanus Blonsche (1749–1757)
  • Paul Ehrhard (1757–1780)
  • Columban Christian (1780-1806)

literature

  • Michael Buhlmann: Benedictine monasticism in the medieval Black Forest. A lexicon. Lecture at the Black Forest Association St. Georgen e. V., St. Georgen im Schwarzwald, November 10, 2004, Part 1: AM, Part 2: NZ (= Vertex Alemanniae, Issue 10 / 1-2) , St. Georgen 2004, pp. 84f.
  • Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen, Leipzig 1904, sixth volume, first department - Freiburg district, pp. 434–447 online .
  • Theodor Kurrus: St. Tudpert / Münstertal, Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul and St. Trudpert , Small Art Guide, No. 1081, 14th edition 2003, Verlag Schnell and Steiner Regensburg, ISBN 3-7954-4807-7 .
  • Klaus Mangold (ed.): The cross from St. Trudpert in Münstertal, Black Forest in the State Hermitage St. Petersburg . Munich 2003. ISBN 3-7774-9910-2 .
  • Franz Quarthal (arrangement): The Benedictine monasteries in Baden-Württemberg , (Germania Benedictina, vol. 5), Ottobeuren 1976, pp. 606–613.
  • Werner Sebert: The Benedictine Abbey of St. Trudpert in the Münstertal . Karlsruhe, Technical University, dissertation, 1962.
  • Werner Sebert: The Benedictine Abbey of St. Trudpert in the Münstertal - your building and art history , in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive Volume 82/83 (1962/1963), pp. 7–126.
  • Willibald Strohmeyer : Saint Trudpert and the first beginnings of the St. Trudpert Monastery , in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive 53 (1925).
  • Willibald Strohmeyer: The Abbots of the St. Trudpert Monastery , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 61 (1933).
  • Willibald Strohmeyer: The Abbots of the St. Trudpert Monastery - continued , in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive 63 (1935).
  • Willibald Strohmeyer: The abolition of the St. Trudbert monastery in 1806 , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 64 (1936).
  • Willibald Strohmeyer: The conventuals of the St. Trudpert monastery , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 67 (1940).
  • Willibald Strohmeyer: The political fate of the monastery and the rule of St. Trudpert over the centuries , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 60 (1932), pp. 168-238.
  • Willibald Strohmeyer: The founders and governors of the St. Trudpert monastery. The medieval falsification of documents , in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive (1926).
  • Friedrich von Weech : Document book of the Benedictine monastery St. Trudpert. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 30 (1878), pp. 76–128.
  • Friedrich von Weech: Document book of the Benedictine monastery St. Trudpert (continuation) , in: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine 30 (1878), pp. 323-399.

Web links

Commons : St. Trudpert Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Certificate from: Marquard Herrgott : Geneal. , Volume II, p. 169.
  2. ↑ Theodor Kurrus: St. Trudpert Munster , Quick Guides No. 1081, 1979, p. 6.
  3. ↑ Theodor Kurrus: St. Trudpert Münstertal , Schnell Kunstführer No. 1081, 1979, p. 4.
  4. ↑ Information on the organ
  5. ^ Eberhard Groß: Münstertal: August 17, 1986: How a storm caused millions in damage in the Münstertal. Badische Zeitung, August 17, 2016, accessed on August 18, 2016 .
  6. ^ Hans Jürgen Heuser: Das Niellokreuz von St. Trudpert , in: Zeitschrift für Kunstwissenschaft 6 (1952), p. 27ff; Die Zeit der Staufer , exhibition catalog Stuttgart 1977, vol. 1: p. 466–468; Vol. 2: Figs. 405–408. - illustration .
  7. ↑ Thomas Zotz: King's Crown and Prince's Hat - the Gothic cross from St. Trudpert and the Habsburgs in the 13th century , in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 153, NF 114, (2005), pp. [15] -42, also as Digitized version (PDF; 3.4 MB).
  8. ↑ Klaus Mangold (ed.): The cross from St. Trudpert in Münstertal / Black Forest in the State Hermitage St. Petersburg . Munich 2003, in it especially Johann Michael Fritz: The Cross from St. Trudpert: Its liturgical function and its position as a major work of Gothic goldsmithing , pp. 102–125.
  9. ↑ The time of the Hohenstaufen . Catalog of the exhibition, Stuttgart 1977, Vol. 1: Catalog, pp. 471–473, Vol. 2: Fig. 412–413.
  10. ↑ The Abbots of the St.Trudpert Monastery , in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 61 (1933), pp. 53–117.
  11. ↑ Florian Lamke: Cluniacenser on the Upper Rhine. Conflict resolution and noble group formation in the time of the investiture dispute (research on the history of the Upper Rhine region, LIV), Freiburg / Munich 2009, p. 227, note 991.

Coordinates: 47 ° 51 '49.7 "  N , 7 ° 48' 11.5"  E