Breisgau estates

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Upper Austrian Breisgau with the 13 rural towns

The Breisgauer Land estates or Front Austrian Land estates were a corporation of the three estates, which had certain say in the government of the Front Austrian Breisgau . Formally, the estates existed until the area was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Baden .

The stands

The aristocratic societies and city federations of the 14th and 15th centuries are seen as the nucleus of the estates. The Habsburgs favored such connections and used them in their conflicts with the Confederation . The wars with the Swiss Confederation and excessive lifestyle put such a strain on the financial resources of the Habsburgs that Archduke Siegmund a . a. pawned the Breisgau to the Duke of Burgundy , Charles the Bold . He set Peter von Hagenbach as governor over the pledged lands. Through his despotic manner of office, he provoked an uprising in the Upper Rhine cities in 1473, which imprisoned him and brought him to justice. Siegmund redeemed the pledge and in future respected the right of the three estates to have a say. There is no founding act; instead, reference was made to the traditional rights, which have now become even more important through active intervention in current politics.

The estates in Breisgau thus developed in the middle of the 15th century, with the first joint meeting of the three estates being dated October 3, 1468. In the Breisgau the classic three estates were represented in the estates (three-Curia type).

The clergy were mainly represented by the prelates of the rural monasteries . The nobility attached importance to social equality with the free imperial knighthoods . The representatives of the cities and cameramen represented the citizens and the peasants.

A country people sheet from 1468 lists 68 country aristocrats, 28 prelates and 13 cities and cameramen from Breisgau. Up until 1648, the regions of Upper Austria in Alsace were also included.

The prelate bank

The prelates were considered to be the noblest class and had two imperial princes under themselves , the abbot of St. Blasien because of the imperial rule Bonndorf and the grand prior of the Johanniter, who owned the rule Heitersheim . Nevertheless, the prelates could not take over the presidium of the entire estates, which remained with the nobility. After 1648 the prelate class numbered 15 and in the 18th century St. Märgen was added.

The University of Freiburg is a special case and applied for membership in the state estates in 1773. The way was only cleared through the decree of Emperor Leopold II in 1791, in which all Austrian universities were made into estates of their home provinces. The Breisgau prelates then postponed admission to the university until July 7, 1793.

  1. Monastery of St. Blasien ( Benedictine ) - Directory since 1649, finally from 1666
  2. Grand Prior of the Johanniter ( Johanniter ) - Directory until 1648
  3. Säckingen women's monastery (free world)
  4. St. Margarethen Monastery , Waldkirch (Benedictine)
  5. St. Trudpert (Benedictine)
  6. Monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest (Benedictine)
  7. St. Georgen Monastery in the Black Forest (Benedictine)
  8. Tennenbach Monastery ( Cistercians )
  9. Cistercian Abbey Günterstal (Cistercians)
  10. St. Ulrich in the Black Forest (Benedictine)
  11. Canons of Rheinfelden
  12. Teutonic Order Coming Beuggen
  13. German Order Coming from Freiburg
  14. Olsberg Monastery (Cistercians)
  15. Wonnental Monastery (Cistercians)
  16. St. Märgen Monastery ( Augustinian Canons )
  17. University of Freiburg (since 1793)

The nobility

The leadership of the nobility - also known as knighthood - was around 25 families in Breisgau. There was no separation into a gentleman's class and a knightly class in Breisgau. The knighthood elected a president for life. Monasteries could also become members of the knighthood, for example the prince abbey of St. Gallen in 1621 with the repurchase of Ehaben and in 1646 St. Blasien because of Gurtweil. Below are some genders of knighthood listed in alphabetical order.

  1. Barons of Andlau
  2. Barons of Baden
  3. Lords of Falkenstein
  4. Barons Girardi von Castellen
  5. Count of Hennin
  6. Barons von Kageneck
  7. Barons of Manikor
  8. Lords of Pfirt
  9. Ringg from Baldenstein
  10. Barons of Roggenbach
  11. Rotberg
  12. Schnewlin from Bollschweil
  13. Schönau (noble family)
  14. Barons von Schwarzenberg
  15. Lords of Staufen
  16. Wessenberg (noble family)

In 1756 Johann Jacob Fechter built the Knight House for the Breisgau knights . From 1766 the estates met here as a whole.

Cities and cameramen

In 1648 13 cities and 6 lordships were rural. The business of the third stand was run by the city of Freiburg.

Cities

  1. Freiburg in Breisgau
  2. Neuchâtel on the Rhine
  3. Breisach on the Rhine
  4. Kenzingen
  5. Endingen am Kaiserstuhl
  6. Burkheim am Kaiserstuhl
  7. Waldkirch
  8. Villingen
  9. Bräunlingen

and the four forest cities

  1. Rheinfelden
  2. Säckingen
  3. Laufenburg
  4. Waldshut

Cameramen

Cameral lords were those dominions that were not administered by the nobility or the prelates, but directly by the court chamber .

  1. Rheinfelden
  2. Kastelberg
  3. Kürnberg
  4. Triberg
  5. Laufenburg
  6. County of Hauenstein

Organization of the estates

Heraldic cartouche above the entrance to the former Karlskaserne in Freiburg im Breisgau symbolizing the three estates

The regional representation, the Konseß, was composed of the president and two representatives from each of the three estates. He had a common lawyer , collector and accountant.

Each of the three estates also had its own syndic.

The last president of the Breisgau estates was Franz Anton Freiherr von Baden , the last syndic was Ignaz Engelberger . After the transition of the Breisgau to Baden , Engelberger wrote the " Presentation of the Breisgau knighthood to the Elector of Baden on June 11th, 1806. "

literature

  • Joseph Bader : The former Breisgau estates: presented according to their origin, their constitution, their achievements and fates , Karlsruhe, 1846 online at the University of Freiburg
  • Dieter Speck: The Upper Rhine knighthood and the House of Habsburg from 14.-16. Century . In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 137, 1989, pp. 202–223
  • Dieter Speck, City Archives (Freiburg, Breisgau): The Upper Austrian Estates: Origin, development and training until 1595/1602. Investigation , Volume 1
  • Dieter Speck: The Upper Austrian Estates in the 15th and 16th Centuries: On the History, Institution and Area of ​​Activity of the Estates in Alsace, Sundgau, Breisgau and Black Forest , Tübingen 1991
  • Dieter Speck: Archives and archives of the Upper Austrian provinces. On the archives and archives of the West Austrian government and state estates, especially in the 16th century . In: Breisgau-Geschichtsverein Schau-ins-Land (Ed.), Schau-ins-Land , Vol. 108 (1989), pp. 103-141 online at Freiburg University Library ;
  • Hermann J. Schwarzweber: The states of front Austria in the 15th century , dissertation, 1908
  • Lothar Deimling: The organization of the state constitution of the Breisgau after the 30-year war 1648–1679 , 1927
  • Franz Quarthal : Front Austria . In: Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 1: General History. Part 2: From the late Middle Ages to the end of the old empire. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-608-91948-1 , pp. 654-658 (section: formation of estates in the foreland ).
  • Peter-Johannes Schuler: Reich tax and estates: to the problem of the tax approval right of the front Austrian estates . In: Schau-ins-Land, Vol. 97 (1978), pp. 39-60 online at Freiburg University Library

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Schreiber, Volume 4, p. 139
  2. ↑ s. Speck: Knighthood of the Upper Rhine ... p. 203
  3. ↑ s. Quarthal p. 82
  4. ^ Heinrich Schreiber: History of the City and University of Freiburg im Breisgau (IX. Delivery: From the abolition of the Jesuits to the end of the eighteenth century), 1860, pp. 48-49 online at the Freiburg University Library
  5. ↑ s. Alois Seiler: German order of knights . In: Meinrad Schaab, Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History. Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , p. 632.
  6. ↑ s. Quarthal p. 86
  7. ↑ Counts
  8. ↑ lower nobility
  9. ^ Quarthal, The Habsburg Estates In Southwest Germany, p. 8
  10. ↑ s. Quarthal p. 87
  11. ↑ These included Kollnau , Gutach , Bleibach , Oberzüge , Simonswald s. Johann Baptist Kolb (editor): Historical-statistical-topographical lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden , first volume (AG), in the Google book search ; The reference to be found here that the Schwarzenberg rule also belongs to the 3rd state is not applicable
  12. ↑ This included Herbolzheim , Bleichheim , Nordweil , Bombach , Wyhl , Wöllingen , Oberhausen , Niederhausen , Wonnental , Kirnhalden , s. Johann Baptist Kolb (editor): Historical-statistical-topographical lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Second Volume (HN), p. 186, Karlsruhe 1814 in the Google book search , the city of Kenzingen mentioned here, was then directly a Breisgau state estate
  13. ↑ from Latin consessus - the meeting, association, meeting, gathering
  14. ^ Peace of Campo-Formio (1797) : Austria had ceded the part south of the High Rhine (Fricktal) to Switzerland as early as 1797 in the Peace of Campo Formio ; s. Art. VI of the Additional Convention to the Treaty of Campo-Formio
  15. ↑ printed by Josef Bader : The former Breisgau estates: presented according to their origin, their constitution, their achievements and fates , pp. 208–213 online in the Google book search