Lords of Falkenstein (Schramberg)
The lords of Falkenstein were originally an aristocratic family living on the Baar , who built up a domain around the castles of Falkenstein , Berneck and Ramstein in the Central Black Forest on the upper Schiltach and in the Berneck Valley since the 12th century .
Lords of Kappel-Falkenstein
In the course of the 2nd half of the 12th century, the Lords of Kappel (near Villingen ) made the "train into the Black Forest", who made Falkenstein Castle, which was mentioned in the early 11th century, their political center for their Black Forest rule . The gentlemen von Kappel step - u. a. in the tradition of the St. Georgen monastery - from the end of the 11th to the middle of the 13th century as such. Mention should be made of Richard (I.) von Kappel (1086) and his four sons Richard (II .; 1086, 1148), Manegold, Markward (1090) and Eigelwart (I.) (1090, 1148), further Richard (III. ) von Kappel (1167, approx. 1180) and finally Eigelwart (II.) († before 1257), who named himself after the Falkenstein Castle.
The rule of the Falkensteiner in the Black Forest was founded - and this was probably also the decisive factor for the move from Kappel - on a less pronounced political competition with other noble families, as was the case on the Baar. The Falkensteiners made use of the free spaces that were created in the Black Forest. Based on clearing and land development, based on the wild ban as a forest shelf (logging, forest pasture, hunting), the development activity in the forest led to the formation of the Falkenstein rule, which also included the rule over the churches in Falkenstein and Lauterbach. Around the middle of the 13th century, what was then the most important member of the Falkenstein noble family was the abbot of the St. Gallen monastery, Berchtold von Falkenstein (1244–1272), Heinrich's brother. Heinrich von Falkenstein had two sons, Berthold (I) (1264, 1301) and Konrad (1264), who succeeded him in the rule. Among the sons of Berthold (I.), Konrad (III.) (1301, 1311) and Erkinger Eigelwart (1305, 1354), and the grandchildren, Konrad von Falkenstein zu Ramstein (1323, 1365) and Konrad (IV.) Von Falkenstein to Falkenstein, the Falkenstein rule was divided into the two lines of Ramstein and Falkenstein, after the lords of Ramstein , who were related to the Falkensteiners , were inherited (1275/1288).
Lords of Falkenstein-Ramstein
Konrad von Falkenstein zu Ramstein (1323/65), married to the Duke's daughter Adelheid from Urslingen , is at the beginning of the Ramstein line of the Lords of Falkenstein. Their rule got into economic and political difficulties in the course of the "late medieval nobility crisis" in the 2nd half of the 14th century. Around 1348 the Ramsteiners sold their serfs "in front of the (Black) Forest" to Rottweiler patricians and tried to regain lost ground through feuds. The raids against the cities of Strasbourg (1369) and Bräunlingen (1411/14) or the feud against the Fürstenbergers at the beginning of the 15th century were not very successful ; Erhard (II.) (1403, 1463) and Hans (1433, 1451) hired themselves as mercenaries a. a. in Württemberg service. Finally, in 1449, the brothers Hans and Konrad (II.) (1433, 1481) pledged Ramstein Castle, which had been destroyed in the meantime, along with other rights to Elisabeth, the wife of Hans von Rechberg († 1464), which meant the end of Ramstein's rule.
Lords of Falkenstein-Falkenstein
The line of the lords from Falkenstein to Falkenstein was founded by Erkinger Eigelwart (1305, 1354). He was u. a. Imperial court judge at the Rottweiler court . Eigelwart's son Konrad (IV.) (1341, 1371) and the nobleman Eigelwart von Falkenstein (1346, 1380), the illegitimate founder of a lower-nobility branch of the Falkensteiner, pursued a thoroughly successful acquisition policy, such as the purchase of the Waldmössinger church set (1342), the Acquisition of parts of the Schilteck rule (1347) or Schwenningen's fiefdom (1349) show. As with the von Ramstein line, the Falkenstein branch of the noble lords also got into an economic crisis. Symptomatic of this were sales and pledges of real estate and sovereign rights, with the economic and political decline of the Falkensteiner to Falkenstein. In 1393 the village of Kappel, the place of origin of the Falkensteiners, was sold. Feuds and disputes within the family went hand in hand in the first decades of the 15th century with an extensive dissolution of the Falkensteiner rule. In 1434, Emperor Sigismund (1411–1437) imposed the eight on Berthold's son Eigelwart (V.) (1422, 1439) because of a conflict with Margravine Anna von Baden ; Eigelwart also feuded Diepold I von Geroldseck († 1466) in 1436 and then fell into the Aberacht . There were further pledges, while the debts of the Ramsteiners, which they had incurred in the amount of 422 pounds Heller with the Falkensteiners in 1368, could not be collected. The claims against the Ramsteiners were then sold for 950 guilders in 1443 to Count Ludwig I of Württemberg (1419–1450). The people of Württemberg also got involved in November 1443, when internal family disputes led to the determination of Konrad (V) (1421, 1447) by his nephew Jakob (1429, 1491) and Hans von Ramstein (1433, 1451). With the contract of 1444 Konrad sold his share of the rule, in 1449 his nephews followed him. Württemberg had thus acquired the domain of the Lords of Falkenstein zu Falkenstein.
In 1458 Jakob moved to Villingen and in 1487 was a member of the Knight Society Sankt Jörgenschild . His son Johann Erhard lived in Freiburg im Breisgau from around 1545 , where his descendants also became governors and officers in Habsburg-Austrian services, as well as imperial councilors. In 1621 they acquired Oberrimsingen and Hausen an der Möhlin , which are now districts of Breisach am Rhein and Bad Krozingen , respectively . The Neuershausen rule was added to their property around 1800 . The Falkensteiner line in Breisgau died out in 1872 or 73, the Austrian line in 1901.
Mansions
The rulership of the Ramsteiner and Falkensteiner went beyond the valley of the upper Schiltach, the rulership of the Ramsteiner and consequently that of the Falkenstein-Ramsteiner became an area between Lauterbach and Mariazell - with Aichhalden, Lauterbach, Mariazell, Schramberg, Sulgen and Tennenbronn - have included, the Falkenstein-Falkensteiner ruled north of it, but also on the Baar to Kappel or Schwenningen. Ultimately, the von Rechberg rulers succeeded the Falkensteiners in the middle of the 15th century with their rule of Schramberg .
Certificates (selection)
- Anastasia von Wolfurt marries Erhard von Falkenstein, so that rule over Bonndorf in the Black Forest came to this family as a marriage property.
- In 1366, knight Heinrich von Blumegg sells Tannegg Castle with people and accessories to Egolf von Wolfurt. The Wolfurt family did not yet have all the rights to Tannegg, so Diethelm von Tannegg signed a debt insurance policy of 300 guilders to the Wolf von Wolfurt. The Lords of Wolfurt later sold Tannegg Castle to Hans von Rechberg .
Lords of Kappel-Falkenstein
- Richard I. von Kappel (nobleman) (1086, 1090)
- Richard II (1086, 1148)
- Manegold (1090)
- Markward (1090)
- Eigelwart I. (1090, 1148)
- Johannes von Falkenstein (Abbot of St. Georgen,?) (1138–1145)
- Richard III (1167, ca.1180)
- Eigelwart II of Kappel-Falkenstein (approx. 1180, v. 1257)
- Berchtold (Abbot of St. Gallen) (1244–1272)
- Conrad I (from 1272)
- Eigelwart III. (v. 1272)
- Albert (v. 1272)
- Heinrich (1257, v. 1272)
- Berthold I (1264, 1301)
- Conrad II (approx. 1275)
- Conrad III. (1301, 1311)
- Erkinger Eigelwart (imperial court judge in Rottweil, 1331–1337) (1305, 1354)
- Berthold (Canon in St. Gallen) (1328/29)
Lords of Falkenstein-Ramstein
- Conrad I of Falkenstein zu Ramstein (nobleman) (1323, 1365)
- Eglolf I (1368, 1417)
- Erhard I (1368, 1428)
- Eglolf II (1394, 1439)
- Erhard II (1403, 1463)
- Reinold (1403, 1438)
- Conrad II (1433, 1481)
- Hans (1433, 1451)
Lords of Falkenstein-Falkenstein
- Berthold II (1337, 1355)
- Conrad IV of Falkenstein zu Falkenstein (1341, 1371)
- Erkinger (1341, 1349)
- Eigelwart IV. (1349, 1394)
- Richard IV (1349, 1365)
- Johann / Hamann (1359, 1382)
- Heinrich (Canon in St. Georgen) (1401)
- Berthold III. (1387, 1437)
- Hans (1408, 1412)
- Conrad V (1421, 1447)
- Eigelwart V. (1422, 1439)
- Richard (lord of the monastery in Einsiedeln) (1460)
- Jacob (1429, 1491)
- Wilhelm (1439, 1449)
- Hans (1439, 1449)
- Sigmund (1439)
- George (1493, 1515)
- Lords of Falkenstein-Villingen
- Lords of Falkenstein-Rimsingen
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the trunk line shows a shield with a standing deer and a jay (= Eigelwart or Markwart), from which the name of the first-born was derived.
literature
- Michael Buhlmann: The St. Georgen Monastery in the Black Forest and the Lords of Falkenstein . In: Vertex Alemanniae - series of publications by the Association for Local History St. Georgen / series of publications on Southwest German history , issue 26, St. Georgen im Schwarzwald 2007, ( digital copy ; PDF; 201 kB)
- Hans Harter: Nobility and castles in the upper Kinzig area. Studies on settlement and high medieval rulership in the medieval Black Forest (= research on the history of the Upper Rhine region 37), Freiburg i.Br.-Munich 1992.
- Hans Harter: Nobility on Falkenstein and Schilteck . In: Schramberg. Dominion - Markflecken - industrial city. ed. v. Museum and History Association Schramberg ud Great District Town Schramberg, Schramberg 2004, pp. 55–82.
Individual evidence
- ↑ GeneaNet: Ernst von FALKENSTEIN zu RIMSINGEN , accessed on July 23, 2011
- ↑ Buhlmann, p. 15
- ^ Inventory of the Black Forest District . In: The art and antiquity monuments in the Kingdom of Württemberg . Paul Neff Verlag, Stuttgart 1897, p. 225 .