Schiltach

This article covers the city. For further articles with this name see Schiltach (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 48 ° 17 '  N , 8 ° 21'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Freiburg
County :	Rottweil
Height :	330 m above sea level NHN
Area :	34.22 km 2
Residents:	3809 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	111 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	77761, 78733
Primaries :	07836, 07834
License plate :	RW
Community key :	08 3 25 051
City structure:	2 districts
City administration address :	Marktplatz 6 77761 Schiltach
Website :	www.schiltach.de
Mayor :	Thomas Haas
Location of the city of Schiltach in the Rottweil district

View of Schiltach

Schiltach is a town in the Rottweil district in Baden-Württemberg . It is located in the Black Forest on the Kinzig and Schiltach rivers .

geography

location

Schiltach is located 295 to 842 meters above sea level in the Middle Black Forest at the confluence of the Schiltach River into the Kinzig and at the narrowest point of the Kinzig Valley between Offenburg , Freudenstadt and Schramberg .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities start clockwise from the northeast: Schenkenzell , Aichhalden , Schramberg , Lauterbach and Wolfach . The city of Wolfach is in the Ortenaukreis , the city of Schramberg and the other communities in the Rottweil district .

City structure

Former coat of arms of the feudal court

The city of Schiltach consists of the districts of Schiltach and Lehengericht . The two districts are spatially identical to the formerly independent communities of the same name.

The Schiltach district includes the town of Schiltach, the Zinken Grumpenbächle and Vorderheubach and the residential areas Auf der Staig, Blattenhäuserwiese, Grumpen and Kuhbacherhof (in front of Kuhbach). The Willenburg castle ruins are located in the Schiltach district .

The district Lehengericht is a locality in the sense of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code with its own local council , a local mayor as its chairman and its own local administration.

Lehengericht consists of the districts of Vorderlehengericht (west of Schiltach) and Hinterlehengericht (southeast of Schiltach). Both districts are connected to each other by mountains, in the valley they are separated by the center of Schiltach. Vorderlehengericht has the settlement priorities Vor Eulersbach and Bühl, Hinterlehengericht has the settlement priorities Welschdorf and Herdweg. Furthermore, Lehengericht still has numerous living spaces, tines and yards.

etymology

Schiltach with castle and lower gate in 1596

In the Kinzig valley there are noticeably many places ending with -ach. Places with this ending are located on rivers. -ach goes back to the Old High German aha , Gothic awa , in Latin aqua = water. Thus Schiltach means something like "sign on the water". Place names with the ending -ach can be found among others, especially in southern Germany. These places were created very early through clearing.

District

The district area of the city of Schiltach itself, excluding the Lehengericht district, is very small. It only covers 585.1 ha . In 1979 the “Vor Heubach” area was acquired by the city of Wolfach with 94.8 hectares. The district of Lehengericht is much larger, it covers 2742 hectares. Before the Sulzbächle exclave was handed over to Wolfach (244 hectares) it was 2986 hectares. In total, the entire city of Schiltach has an area of ​​around 3422 hectares. There are extensive areas in the Lehengericht Forest areas, over 80% of the total area are forested.

Through acquisitions from the Schiltacher Mayerschaft, today's feudal court, the so-called submarking of the castle truce increased. The Haberershof and the Kuhbacherhof were given to the city of Schiltach by the Kinzigtal community in 1934 and 1936 respectively. In 1973 the Schiltach district had reached 585.0643 hectares. In 1974 the district Lehengericht was added with 2986 hectares. In 1978 the Sulzbächle exclave of the district Lehengericht with 244 hectares was transferred to Wolfach. In 1979 the Vor Heubach area with 94.8 hectares came to the city of Schiltach. - In 1956, the Reichenbächle staff with the Hunersbach and the Stammelbach of Lauterbach (Black Forest) were handed over to the district of Lehengericht .

Larger and smaller rivers in the district

The Kinzig is the largest and most important river in the Schiltach urban area, into which the Schiltach flows as the river that gives the city its name. The Heubach also flows into the Kinzig, while the Reichenbächle , which is only four and a half kilometers long, flows into the Schiltach.

history

View of the city by the engraver Matthäus Merian from 1643 with Schiltach Castle above

Lower gate at Gasthaus Adler until 1840

Upper gate after H. Eyth (until 1840)

Flyer with the burning of an alleged witch who is said to have burned the town of Schiltach with the devil in 1531

Until the 19th century

The road through the Kinzig valley was the connection through the Black Forest from the Strasbourg area towards Rottweil in Roman times .

Schiltach was established in the 11th century as a parish for the surrounding courtyards, which are older than Schiltach itself. In the area of ​​today's Protestant town church, in the area of ​​today's Vorstädtle , a settlement was created that is the origin of Schiltach, which is located after the Schiltach river was named. Presumably in the middle of the 13th century, the dukes of Teck founded the town of Schiltach (first mentioned in 1275) to secure their territories, a walled town with gates and the Schiltach castle above for their defense. A church was not built in the city, because this was already in the settlement before the city was founded.

The city was supposed to accommodate travelers and be a service center before the ascent of the road towards Rottweil . The castle and the city of Schiltach thus took over the function of the Willenburg from around 1250 , which had taken care of the supply on the street before the city of Schiltach was founded.

In 1371 the city of Schiltach passed to the dukes of Urslingen . The impoverished Urslingers sold the castle and town to the Counts of Württemberg in 1381 . With the exception of the years 1519 to 1534, in which the city was first occupied by the imperial city of Rottweil and then by Upper Austria (like the entire Duchy of Württemberg ), Schiltach remained with Württemberg until 1810. In the “ Frontier Treaty between the Kingdom of Würtemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden ”, which was concluded in Paris on October 2, 1810, several “staffs” of the Hornberg District Office, such as Schiltach, the city of Hornberg and the communities of Gutach and Kirnbach, came to the Grand Duchy of Baden . Wolfach became the official town of Schiltach, later the district town . The surrounding farms became a separate community in 1817 as a feudal court .

20th century

With the end of the First World War, a people's council was also formed in Schiltach. In the Weimar Republic, Schiltach was to be strongly influenced by the SPD due to the existing industrialization. In 1952 Schiltach came to the state of Baden-Württemberg . In 1973 the Wolfach district was dissolved and Schiltach was assigned to the Rottweil district . The community of Lehengericht was reintegrated into the town of Schiltach in 1974. In 1979 the Sulzbächle / Fischbach exclave came to the city of Wolfach , in return the “ Vor Heubach ” area came to Schiltach.

Incorporations

• 1934: Area of ​​the former Haberershof
• 1936: Kuhbacher Hof area
• April 1, 1974: Parish Lehengericht
• July 1, 1978: Area Before Heubach

Religions

During the Reformation Schiltach was part of Württemberg and therefore became Protestant like the sovereigns. That changed only in the 19th century, when more and more Catholics moved in due to industrialization. Today there is a Protestant and a Catholic congregation as well as a New Apostolic congregation and various smaller religious communities.

• The Evangelical Church was built in the neo-Byzantine style from 1839 to 1843 after the old Gothic church burned down.
• The Catholic Church of St. John the Baptist was consecrated in 1966. It is the successor to the old Catholic church that was demolished in 1964 and was built from 1897 to 1898 according to plans by Max Meckel . The old church had become too small.
• The New Apostolic Church on Hauptstrasse dates from the 1980s. It was demolished at the end of 2017. The old New Apostolic Church in Schenkenzeller Strasse can still be recognized by a roof turret with a cross; Despite its size, it is used as a residential building.

politics

Town hall after renovation of the facade in 2006

Municipal council

The municipal council consists of 14 elected honorary councilors and the separately elected mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council.

The local election on May 26, 2019 in Schiltach led to the following provisional final result with a turnout of 57.8% (2014: 54.5%):

Party / list	Share of votes	Seats	2014 result
Confederation of Independent Voters (BUW)	30.6%	4th	38.3%, 6 seats
Schiltach Free Electoral Association	31.9%	5	24.2%, 4 seats
CDU	21.4%	3	23.2%, 3 seats
SPD	16.1%	2	14.3%, 2 seats

There is a local council with eight members for the district of Lehengericht .

coat of arms

The current city coat of arms was adopted by the dukes of Urslingen. With the extinction of the last Urslinger, Duke Reinhold VI. von Urslingen in 1442 the coat of arms became free. The coat of arms was presumably conveyed by Count Ludwig von Württemberg (Uracher line 1409–1450), who was a patron of the city.

The coat of arms shows three red shields in a white coat of arms field. Almost the same coat of arms can be found in Alsace for the von Rappoltstein family , whose castle stood above Rappoltsweiler (Ribeauville). An Urslinger married there, and his descendants then called themselves Herren zu Rappoltstein .

Town twinning

There has been a partnership with the city of Geising in Saxony since 1990 . This was incorporated into the neighboring town of Altenberg (Ore Mountains) on January 1, 2011 , whereby the continuation of the town partnership with Schiltach was laid down in the integration agreement.

Economy and Infrastructure

Industry and commerce

Despite its rural location, Schiltach is an industrial location with several internationally known companies. There were already industrial companies in the age of industrialization. So there was B. several cloth mills, which, favored by the soft water of the two rivers, had ideal working conditions. The same applied to the tanneries, of which there were several in Schiltach. There were also several sawmills and especially the rafting , which only came to a standstill with the construction of the Kinzig Valley Railway . The wood from Schiltach and the surrounding area was partly rafted on the Rhine to Holland, where it was used for shipbuilding. Today these branches of business have almost disappeared, with the exception of the well-known Trautwein tannery and a few smaller sawmills. The formerly privileged rafting business is still kept alive by a lively group of raftsmen in order not to let this once most important economic factor of Schiltach fall into oblivion.

There are still companies that were established around the turn of the century, such as Hansgrohe (1901), others ( BBS International GmbH , VEGA Grieshaber KG , etc.) were added later.

The Schiltach companies now offer around 3350 people a job on site, which is certainly extraordinary with a population of 4000 inhabitants, especially when you consider that the city is located at the narrowest point of the Kinzig valley, has topographically no optimal framework conditions for business settlements and the A 81 and A 5 motorways are a few kilometers away.

Educational institutions

The city of Schiltach has a primary school and since the school year 2010/2011 a branch of the Werkrealschule "Oberes Kinzigtal" (WRS). Before that, the Schiltach / Schenkenzell neighborhood secondary school was located in the WRS premises . Secondary schools can be found in surrounding cities, e.g. B. in Schramberg , Wolfach and Hausach . A Protestant and a Catholic kindergarten , a Waldorf kindergarten and a crèche with two groups (since 2011) complete the offer. The adult education center Schiltach / Schenkenzell is a branch of the adult education center Schramberg.

traffic

City bridge over the Schiltach

Schiltach is connected to the federal highways 294 and 462 , which form a cross-link from the Rhine to the Neckar and thus from the A 5 motorway to the A 81 . Schiltach is traffic-calmed by a bypass road. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the two federal roads have led through the 1830 m long Kirchberg tunnel (B 294) and the 830 m long Schloßberg tunnel (B 294 and B 462) with three exits around the town of Schiltach.

The Kinzigtalbahn runs every hour on weekdays to Freudenstadt and Offenburg . On weekends, individual trains run via Offenburg to Strasbourg . In addition to the Schiltach train station, there is the Schiltach Mitte stop, which is closer to the town center and where all scheduled passenger trains of the Südwestdeutsche Verkehrs-AG (SWEG) , which markets their trains as the Ortenau S-Bahn, also stop . The Schiltach – Schramberg railway line (opened in 1892) was closed for passenger traffic in 1959, and for freight traffic in 1989. In the meantime the track structure has been removed. The route is now a cycle path from Schiltach to Schramberg. Furthermore, there is now a cycle path from Freudenstadt to Offenburg almost through the entire Kinzig Valley. Various bus connections in the direction of Offenburg and Freudenstadt as well as a bus line to the district town of Rottweil complete the offer. In addition, with the city traffic, a handicapped-accessible minibus from SüdbadenBus GmbH , almost all inner-city districts can be reached easily and every 1/2 hour .

Culture and sights

Half-timbered houses on the market square

Gasthof Adler, formerly a mansion for the high house from 1604

War memorial 1870–71 in Schiltach, designed in 1914 by Eduard Trautwein

The city is rich in cultural monuments and lively cultural life. The since 1971 as an ensemble under monument protection standing old town is well worth seeing, especially the Schiltacher marketplace with the city hall , according to the plans of the Duke of Wuerttemberg architect Heinrich Schickhardt built, and the Gerberngasse in Vorstädtle . Half-timbered houses from the 16th to 19th centuries are rarely found in Schiltach. The city is part of the Heinrich Schickhardt cultural route and the German half-timbered street .

Special cultural events and customs

• New Year's Eve procession : The New Year's Eve procession is a kind of evangelical procession on New Year's Eve and was first mentioned in 1853. The custom therefore probably dates back to the 18th century and is still used today to thank God for the past year and to ask his blessings for the new year. The population moves with lanterns according to an ancient ritual from the market square to the town church and sings songs of thanks that are of Pietistic origin. The electrical lighting is switched off during the train and pitch torches are used. On the windows, too, only the lit Christmas trees or candles should be recognizable. The Protestant pastor gives a speech from the window of the parsonage. Then the citizens gather in front of the town hall, where the mayor gives a speech and the town band and the men's choir perform solemn sages.

• On New Year's Eve, night watchmen roam the city streets, singing a traditional New Year's song. Even today, two volunteers in historical clothing with cloaks, lanterns and halberds roam the districts assigned to them. The night watchmen start together from the market square at 0.30 a.m. They stop in front of the houses and sing in a litany-like tone the New Year's song of the Schiltach night watchmen: Wohlauf in the name of Jesus Christ! / The old year has passed, a new year is here. / I wish [names] a happy new year. / And what I wish will come true. Eternal peace forever. Praise the Lord! The singing by name was rewarded with a mild gift. The custom at the turn of the year has been preserved in Schiltach for centuries.

• Fasnet: "Fasnet" is used to describe carnival customs in Schiltach. They are basically to be assigned to the Swabian-Allemanischen-Fasnet. After the Three Kings Day, various traditional events and carnival balls take place in Schiltach. The highlight is the week from the Schmotzige (dirty Thursday) to the carnival burning on Carnival Tuesday. The big carnival parade takes place on the Sunday before Rose Monday in the suburbs and in the old town. There is a traditional foolish soap box race the morning before the move. After the move, many restaurants open and the historic cellars under the old town are opened to end the carnival.

• Cherry singing , an old, almost extinct custom.

Museums

On the right the building of the Schiltach Pharmacy Museum on the market square

• Pharmacy museum : former Biedermeier pharmacy on the market square, functional rooms, equipment, etc.
• Museum on the market : city history, industrialization, handicrafts
• Schüttesäge-Museum : Timber and forestry, rafting , old saw with undershot water wheel and transmissions, tannery
• Museum for water, bathroom and design : Hansgrohe's private museum on the creation of the bathroom and bathing culture

Buildings

View to the Protestant town church Schiltach

• Town hall from 1593 with stepped gable from 1906
• Gasthaus zum Adler from 1604
• Marketplace
• Protestant town church 1839–1843
• Gerbergasse with the outer mill (1557)
• Schlossbergstrasse
• City fountain on the market square
• Jägerhäusle (1590)
• VHF transmitter Schiltach
• Medieval street Schiltacher Steige

Castle ruins

• Schiltach ruins on the Schloßberg
• Willenburg , castle ruins above the Staighöfe on the Schlössleberg
• Klingenburg , castle ruins in Hinterlehengericht on the Burbachfelsen

Regular events

• Swabian-Alemannic Carnival
• New Year's Eve train and New Year's wishes by the Schiltach night watchman
• Weekly market every Thursday in Gerbergasse
• Josefsmarkt on March 19th
• Peter and Paul Market on June 29th
• Andreas market on the Friday before the 2nd Advent (earlier on December 8th)
• Farmer's market on the third Sunday of October
• Craft market on the last Sunday of April
• Flea market in Gerbergasse (mid-June)
• Schiltacher Advent on the Friday before the 2nd Advent
• City festival every five years (next time: 2020)

Others

As a long-distance hiking trail, the Mittelweg , on which you can cross the Black Forest from north to south (between Pforzheim and Waldshut ), leads through Schiltach, which is a stage destination on the way. In addition, the valley route of the Kinzig valley section of the Jakobusweg leads through the historic old town and over the former medieval street Schiltacher Steige .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Heinrich Baumgartner, entrepreneur (born August 25, 1936 in Schiltach), honorary citizen of the city of Schiltach since March 1, 2002, see BBS International GmbH
• Hermann Fautz, vocational school teacher and local researcher (born November 14, 1898 in Gengenbach / Kinzigtal, † October 20, 1979 in Überlingen), honorary citizen of the city of Schiltach since February 16, 1973
• Bruno Grieshaber, entrepreneur (born September 16, 1919 in Triberg, † October 7, 2005 in Schiltach), honorary citizen of the city of Schiltach since March 1, 2002, see VEGA Grieshaber and Grieshaber GmbH & Co KG .
• Friedrich Grohe , entrepreneur (born August 28, 1904 in Schiltach, † March 29, 1983 in Schiltach), honorary citizen of the city of Schiltach since February 16, 1973, see Friedrich Grohe Armaturen
• Klaus Grohe , entrepreneur (born April 3, 1937 in Aachen), honorary citizen of the city of Schiltach since March 1, 2002, see Hansgrohe AG based in Schiltach
• Gustav Kramer, from 1965 to 1974 mayor of the Lehengericht community; then until 1983 mayor of the district Lehengericht (* February 22, 1922 in Lehengericht, † April 30, 2016 in Schiltach), honorary citizen of the city of Schiltach since December 21, 1983
• Peter Rottenburger, Mayor of Schiltach from 1970 to 2002 (born June 16, 1939 in Freudenstadt), honorary citizen of Schiltach since October 25, 2002

sons and daughters of the town

• Camill Gerbert (1861–1918), Protestant theologian
• Eduard Trautwein (1893–1978), painter
• Horst Neugart (1940–2017), educator and theologian; from 2002 to 2007 President of the Synod of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg
• Werner K. Bliss (* 1950), artist and writer

Awards

• In 1974 and 1978 Schiltach was the state winner in the competition “Urban Design and Monument Protection in Urban Development”, and in 1978 she was the national winner of this competition.
• The web portal of the city of Schiltach was named "Internet Village" of the year for the second time after 2001 by the Akademie Ländlicher Raum, the Gemeindetag and the Baden-Württemberg Media and Film Society on March 1, 2007 . The city's website was thus recognized as the best municipal website for Baden-Württemberg's municipalities with a population of less than 20,000. In the state competition "Internet Village 2009", Schiltach took first place in the anniversary category "Best Internet Village of the last ten years"

literature

• Hans Harter and Elfi Harter-Bachmann: Schiltach. Black Forest town in the Kinzigtal , Freiburg 1980.
• Hans Harter: Schiltach - Die Flößerstadt , (= contributions to the history of the city of Schiltach; Volume 1), City of Schiltach 2004.
• Hans Harter: The Devil of Schiltach: Events, Interpretations, Effects; with a source documentation , (= contributions to the history of the city of Schiltach; Volume 2), City of Schiltach 2005 ISBN 3-00-016011-6 ( available online ; PDF; 8.9 MB)
• Schiltacher kaleidoscope
• Hermann Fautz: Outline of the history of the city of Schiltach , Schiltach 1953.
• Hermann Fautz: The history of the separation of the communities of Schiltach and Lehengericht , special print from "Die Ortenau" (28th issue, Offenburg 1941)
• Hermann Fautz: Contribution to the settlement history of the communities Schiltach-Stadt and Lehengericht , Offenburg 1953.
• Hermann Fautz: The Schiltach town fires , special print from "Die Ortenau" (41st issue, Offenburg 1961)
• Hermann Fautz: The history of the Schiltacher shipship , special print from "Die Ortenau" (28th issue, Offenburg 1941)
• Fritz Laib: Alt-Schiltach, historical reports, issues 1–3
• Martin Hesselbacher: Schiltach in the Black Forest - protection of an old half-timbered town. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 1st year 1972, issue 3, pp. 23–30. ( PDF; 9.0 MB )

Web links

Commons : Schiltach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Schiltach  - travel guide

Wikisource: Schiltach  - Sources and full texts

• Homepage of the city of Schiltach
• Schiltacher city wiki
• Schiltach on badischewanderungen.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Main statute of the city of Schiltach from October 6, 2004
3. ↑ Gränzvertrag between the Kingdom of Wurtemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden. In: documentArchiv.de. Retrieved May 17, 2019 .  
4. ^ Andreas Morgenstern: Revolutionary years in the country. A look into the Black Forest community of Schiltach 1917-1919 . In: Sebastian Liebold u. a. (Ed.): Nomos Democracy in Troubled Times . Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 2018, p. 75-86 .
5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 515 .
6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 516 .
7. ↑ Werner Wolf-Holzäpfel: The architect Max Meckel 1847-1910. Studies on the architecture and church building of historicism in Germany . Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2000, ISBN 3-933784-62-X , p. 358 .
8. ↑ The historic New Year's Eve train and the night watchman tradition | Schiltach Veranstaltungen-baden-wuerttemberg.de
9. ^ Rolf Rombach: Kinzigtal: New Year's wishes from night watchmen , Baden Online , December 31, 2007
10. ↑ Rolf Rombach: Schiltach: Night watchman Schwarzwälder Bote , December 28, 2012
11. ↑ Julius Hauth: Schiltach . Ed .: City of Schiltach. 1st edition. Karl Schillinger, Freiburg 1980, ISBN 3-921340-48-9 , p. 406 .
12. ↑ New Year's Eve customs in Schiltach , schwarzwald.com, January 1, 2011 (events)