Marketplace (Schiltach)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The north side of the market square seen from the Kinzig

The market square of Schiltach in the Black Forest is a small square , the central square of Schiltach in the Black Forest, which is completely lined with historic, listed houses. The square was rebuilt in this form after the last city fire in 1791.

history

On March 3, 1791, the Duke of Württemberg commissioned the state superstructure inspector Groß to draw up a plan to rebuild the market square . In terms of urban planning, the planning work of 1590 was changed and falsified by the then architect Heinrich Schickhardt .

The Marktplatz 1 building was rotated when viewed from the gable so that a wider driveway onto the marketplace was possible. The lower gate has been moved slightly to the east. The Marktplatz 11 building was moved to the city wall in a north-westerly direction. This also created space to build a new alley between buildings 9 and 10 with a long staircase at the end, which at that time ended roughly in the middle of today's main street. The alley still exists today. As a result of the shifting of the building, the view from the lower gate was no longer fixed directly on the town hall, but straight ahead in the direction of Schenkenzeller Straße.

All but one of the buildings are historical half-timbered buildings , some of them under plaster. Only the town hall is a stone building with an open arched hall on the ground floor and a stepped gable , as well as a painting by Eduard Trautwein from 1942. Only the town hall from 1593, house no.6, and the old pharmacy ( pharmacy museum ) from 1590, house no 5 (rebuilt in 1730) are older than the other buildings. Only the Marktplatz 1 building is the unspectacular new building of a bank, although efforts are being made to make it look historic. However, as a new building, this building is also subject to the Monument Protection Act and, according to § 19, since the entire old town of Schiltach is under monument protection, it must be maintained or changes made in accordance with the building regulations.

The market square has a total of 13 buildings. The beginning was originally at the former lower gate, which had to give way to the increasing traffic of the 19th century. The place is unique due to its location and architecture. The spatial planning corresponds to a triangle. The center of the square is the town hall, located uphill at the top of the square. The spatial effect of the square is enhanced by the Schloßbergstrasse , which follows behind the town hall , on which half-timbered house after half-timbered house is lined up uphill. The north side of the market square sits with the back directly on the old city ​​wall , the buildings thus reach a considerable, unusual height when viewed from the Kinzig river .

Left Marktplatz 1, straight ahead the eagle with the fränk. Bay window
The town hall = no. 6, left no. 7, right pharmacy museum = no. 5, behind it the beginning of Schloßbergstrasse
On the left the "sun", on the right houses 11, 12 and 13 (museum on the market with ornate red half-timbering)

Other interesting buildings are:

  • House No. 13, Museum am Markt , a three-story farmhouse. Many of these houses were originally arable houses .
  • The Gasthaus Sonne, house number 2 and 3. The outbuilding is unspectacular in terms of urban planning and can only be reached from the square via the main building. The main building was built on the eaves side in 1791 . In order to bring it into harmony with the neighboring, mostly gable-side buildings, the "sun" received a small dwarf house with a gable. The building consists of ten window axes and is richly decorated with half-timbered decorations with bent struts wedged in between the window stems, pushed upwards, and St. Andrew's crosses with rhombuses inscribed in the window panels.
  • The Gasthaus Adler, officially not on the market square, as it is counted on the main street, but still standing directly on the market square entrance and optically also dominating the market square, is another fascinating building. It originally stood in front of the lower gate, but since this was torn down in 1840, the eagle belongs directly to the image of the lower market square area. The "Adler" was built as a mansion for the high house in 1604, so it is a renaissance building with subsequent extensions that fit harmoniously into the overall picture. The building is kept in the Franconian half-timbered style and, as an enhancement of the richly decorated half-timbered decoration, has an over-cornered bay window that rests on a red sandstone console. Franconian bay windows with slug glass panes complete the picture in the bay tower. The wealth of jewelry on this building extends to a carved sun disk in the corner bay.
  • House no.8 is special because it has its half-timbering under plaster and an exposed half-timbering would not fit either, as the former owner wanted to please his wife, who came from Lorraine , and put on a typical Lorraine curved decorative gable put the roof on. A welcome change for the place.
  • Houses 4, 9, 10 and 11 are just as good examples of former arable bourgeois houses with more or less splendid half-timbering, but which also blend in with the surroundings and each is worth seeing in itself. In the former stables on the ground floor there are mostly sales rooms.
  • House No. 7, also a half-timbered building under plaster, was freed from its crouched hipped roof in the early 1990s and received a high gable . The building was cleverly connected to the town hall and serves as an extension of the same on the upper floors. The classical style of the building was retained.
  • The market fountain, also called the city fountain, was the most important fountain in the city. There is no historical information about the appearance of the first market fountain. In any case, it is located in the north-east corner of the market square above the buildings Marktplatz 9 and 10. Thus, the fountain was placed somewhat cheaply to one side so as not to restrict the space on the market. In any case, the fountain was renewed in 1751 by the fountain maker Johann Balthasar Rußmann from Wittichen . The locksmith work was done by the Wittich master Martin Schnurrberger. The fountain has an eight-sided fountain basin made of red sandstone slabs. A collar made of flat iron holds the plates together. At the top, the edge of the fountain has an oak cover. In the middle of the trough is the fountain column made of red sandstone, which measures 3.60 m up to the height of the Corinthian capital. The shaft shows four grimaces , whose mouths take up the four water pipes. The water pipes are supported by an ornate latticework. Above the grimaces, the shaft bears four stylized acanthus leaves , the shape is repeated at the top of the capital. The Corinthian capital ultimately bears a seated double-tailed lion. The lion holds out a shield to the visitors of the market square on which the coat of arms of the city of Schiltach is applied. The lion figure can be compared with a Roland figure and has symbolized the market sovereignty of the city since 1430.

function

The former lower gate opposite the Gasth. Eagle at the entrance to the market square

In earlier times the market square was without question the absolute center point. The old Rottweiler Strasse, also called Schiltacher Steige , began at the market square and climbed the steep Schloßbergstrasse, where it left the city through the upper gate.

The road through the Kinzig valley, in turn, came through the lower gate at the Adler inn to the market square and left the city via the Schenkenzeller Strasse through the rear gate. The market square served as a transformer station for the horses and provided the travelers with everything they needed, there were inns, blacksmiths, wagons, butchers, and shoemakers. Everything you need for your needs.

Numerous inns and taverns have been settled on the market square over the centuries. This can also be seen very well in the painting "New Year's Eve" by Eduard Trautwein based on the many historical signs on the inns. The Gasthaus Sonne is still there today (Marktplatz 2 and 3).

The building below No. 1, the former Gasthaus zum Löwen was located here. The building above the Sonne, Marktplatz 4, was the original Rössle inn. Above number 5 was the former Engel inn.

Below the town hall in building no.7, which is now also used as a restaurant, was the Zum Hirschen inn. Next to it on the edge of the market square, the building at Schenkenzeller Strasse 1 was the former Zur Krone inn. The building no. 9 was the Gasthaus Adler until 1808. House no. 10 is the former Zur Stadt inn. In front of the lower gate is today's Adler, formerly the Herrenherberge zum Hohen Haus.

The marketplace is without a doubt the center of every Schiltach citizen. Every tourist gets to know the market square when visiting Schiltach. The weekly markets have meanwhile been relocated to Gerbergasse due to lack of space. The annual markets also in the more accessible Schramberger Straße. Only the Schiltach Advent, as the Schiltach Christmas market is called, and the creative craft market in spring and the farmers' market in autumn still take place on the market square, among other places.

On every New Year's Eve, i.e. once a year, the historic New Year's Eve procession starts and ends here on the market square .

In summer, a stage for concerts , theater performances, etc. is set up on the square, which of course depends on the historical backdrop . The houses around the market square have numerous historic vaulted cellars, some of which are also used for gastronomic purposes of all kinds.

During city tours, the city guide visits the market square and reports on the history. The market square has already been the backdrop for numerous television films, including the Black Forest Clinic .

Web links

Commons : Marktplatz Schiltach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell


Coordinates: 48 ° 17 '24.6 "  N , 8 ° 20' 36.9"  E