Eduard Trautwein

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Trautwein's monogram

Eduard Trautwein (born May 25, 1893 in Schiltach , † May 9, 1978 in Wolfach ) was a German painter .

Life

The stylistic model for Trautwein was u. a. Walter Georgis depictions of soldiers from the First World War, here "pioneers in bridge building"
War memorial 1870–1871 on the Schiltach town church, designed in 1914 by Eduard Trautwein

Trautwein was the son of Karl Heinrich Trautwein, the Schiltacher Kronenwirt, for whom he drew menus for special occasions such as weddings in his youth.

From 1907 to 1908 Trautwein received an introduction to sacred art and fresco painting from the church painter Franz Rieger in Karlsruhe . On the recommendation of the academy professor Caspar Ritter (1861-1923), who noticed his artistic talent during a stay at Gasthaus Krone in Schiltach through lampshades painted by Trautwein, he studied from 1909 to 1913 at the Karlsruhe Art Academy . Wilhelm Trübner , who was one of the signatories of the 93 manifesto in 1914, had a great influence on him .

Further teachers of Trautwein in Karlsruhe were Hans Thoma , Ernst Schurth and Walter Georgi . Above all, Georgi's painting style, whose heroic image of man was shown, for example, in the depiction of soldiers and sailors in World War I, influenced Trautwein's artistic development.

Trautwein received one of his first major commissions as a painter at the age of 20 from the Protestant parish of Schiltach , for which he created two life-size paintings by Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon (in the Protestant town church of Schiltach). On behalf of the city of Schiltach, he designed a bronze commemorative plaque for the Schiltach and Lehengericht soldiers in the Franco-German War of 1870/71, which was attached to the Evangelical City Church, and the "Warrior Memorial Cross" inaugurated on November 22, 1925 (popularly known as the "Hero's Cross"; after 1945 the base was supplemented with a plaque with the numbers killed in the Second World War).

When the First World War broke out in 1914, he volunteered and served as a soldier in Flanders.

In 1920 Trautwein moved with his parents to Wolfach in a house in the Siechenwald, where he lived until the end of his life.

From March 19 to October 31, 1921, paintings by Trautwein were on view at the German Art Exhibition in Baden-Baden.

Until the beginning of the Third Reich he was a freelance artist and lived in poor conditions as a welfare recipient.

Trautwein's career in the Third Reich (1933–1945)

Wolfach Town Hall with the original facade painting by Carl Brünner, 1893
Wolfach town hall with the facade painting by Eduard Trautwein
Façade of the Schiltach town hall painted by Trautwein
Trautwein's facade painting at Schiltach Town Hall, created in 1942. The flag was originally a swastika flag and was painted over by him after the end of the war.

Trautwein joined the NSDAP on September 1, 1930, more than two years before it came to power , and was an SS man from July 1, 1932 to April 1935, a member of the General SS , from which he had to resign for health reasons from December 1933 Until July 1934 base leader of the Kampfbund for German culture in Wolfach, 1934 to 1945 member of the NS-Volkswohlfahrt , from July 1934 to 1939 head of the NSDAP district culture office in Wolfach and from 1936 to 1939 deputy assessor of the NSDAP district court .

As a committed Protestant Christian, Trautwein was one of the supporters of the German Christians in the Third Reich , who combined Protestant Christianity and National Socialist ideology.

Trautwein put his artistic talent into the service of Nazi propaganda , which in Wolfach quickly led to a strong increase in the number of members as well as in sympathizers and voters. For the NSDAP Black Forest, Trautwein designed an advertising postcard in 1932 with a portrait of Hitler, above an eagle and swastika. After the seizure of power, he painted a large-format portrait of Hitler for the NSDAP local group in Schiltach, which was unveiled on the facade of the town hall on his birthday on April 20, 1933 and, according to contemporaries, “is one of the best that have been created in recent times”. At the May 1st celebration , as well as at meetings and election rallies of the NSDAP, Trautwein's portrait of Hitler was hung on the facade of the Schiltach town hall.

On March 21, 1933, the Wolfach municipal council appointed Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler honorary citizens of the city, and Trautwein drew up the certificates.

In 1934 Trautwein was commissioned to redesign the facade of the Wolfach town hall, built in 1893/94, in line with the blood and soil ideology of the NSDAP. Trautwein titled the design for it "The New Time". Above the town hall clock he placed a kneeling SA man with a swastika flag, to the left and right of the clock a farmer and a peasant woman who depicted the seeds and the harvest, next to the windows below on the left a woodcutter, on the right a blacksmith with a swastika decorated Holding gear, the symbol of the German Labor Front .

The original facade frescoes from 1894 with allegorical figures by Carl Brünner (1847–1918, portrait and history painter, since 1888 professor at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Kassel ) were destroyed by the redesign.

On July 21, 1935, the Wolfach war memorial planned by Trautwein was inaugurated, the design of which was based on the Tannenberg monument in East Prussia , which became a central symbol with the burial of Hindenburg, the "hero of Tannenberg" on August 7, 1934 of the National Socialist cult of the dead.

On August 1, 1935, Trautwein married Wilhelmine (Minna) Weihand from Ansbach (died 1985 in Wolfach).

In his function as NSDAP district culture warden, through which he was a member of the committee of the historical association in accordance with the statutes of the Historical Association for Central Baden from 1935, he supervised the construction of the local history museum in Wolfach Castle by the members of the Wolfach des Historischen local group in 1938 Association, glass painter Georg Straub, book printer owner Albert Sandfuchs, businessman Josef Krausbeck and postman Raimund Armbruster.

In 1942, Trautwein painted the facade of the Schiltach town hall with two workers, one of whom wore a swastika flag . As “workers of the head and the fist”, these two figures illustrated the quote below from a Hitler speech on April 12, 1922 in Munich: “The workers, regardless of whether workers of the head or the fist, are (the) noble people of ours State, that is the German people ”and thus symbolized the National Socialist“ people's community ”.

During this time, Trautwein received further commissions for the design of documents and posters, especially for the NSDAP. At the end of the war, Trautwein, who was largely penniless until 1933, had savings and bank balances of 11,706.50 RM, which corresponds to about five times the average annual earnings in 1944.

After 1945

After the end of the war, Trautwein was commissioned by the French occupying forces to paint over all the Nazi symbols on the town hall facades in Wolfach and Schiltach. In the denazification process , he was classified as a follower .

During the restoration of his facade painting on Wolfach Town Hall in 1962, he gave the blacksmith the facial features of the then mayor Arthur Martin.

Until his death in 1978, Trautwein received numerous commissions for landscape paintings and portraits, whereby he remained true to his painting style.

After the Second World War, Trautwein was a parish council in the Protestant parish of Wolfach for many years.

After Trautwein's death, despite his Nazi past, the street in which his house is located in Wolfach was named after him.

Artistic creation

Eduard Trautwein used a wide range of techniques in his works: pencil, charcoal, red chalk, chalk, pastel pencil and oil crayon drawings, oil paintings, fresco painting, lithography. He created only a few watercolors. There are numerous photographs in his estate that served as templates for his works.

Many of his works show landscapes, farms and traditional costumes. One of his specialties were idealized historicized cityscapes, especially of Wolfach and Schiltach. He is publicly present to this day, particularly through his facade paintings in Wolfach and Schiltach.

Works (selection)

Trautwein Weibergraben Grabenstrasse Wolfach 1
Trautwein Mannengraben Bergstrasse Wolfach, destroyed when the house was demolished
Trautwein Wolfacher Flößer Grabenstrasse Wolfach
Trautwein family Oberle Schmidt Kirchstrasse

Murals

  • Wolfach town hall facade (1934, revised 1945/1962; restored 1983, 1991 and 2012)
  • Schiltach town hall facade (1942, revised 1945/1959/1982; restored 2006)
  • The Weibergraben (1960; Grabenstrasse Wolfach; restored 2013)
  • The Männergraben (1961; Bergstrasse Wolfach, destroyed when the house was demolished)
  • Wolfach raftsman on a journey into the country (1963; Grabenstrasse Wolfach)
  • Oberle-Schmidt / Fischerbeck family (1963; formerly Café Schmidt, Hauptstrasse / Kirchstrasse Wolfach, currently not accessible due to house demolition)

painting

  • Martin Luther (1913; Protestant town church Schiltach)
  • Philipp Melanchthon (1913; Protestant City Church Schiltach)
  • Adolf Hitler (1934, Schiltach Town Hall, destroyed in 1945)
  • Schiltach New Year's Eve Train (Ev. Schiltach City Church)
  • Birth of Jesus (1964; altarpiece Castle Chapel Wolfach)
  • Portal Evangelical City Church Wolfach with Pastor Hess (1956; Protestant City Church Wolfach)
  • numerous portraits and landscape paintings ( Museum Schloss Wolfach ; Museum am Markt Schiltach; Bad Rippoldsau Town Hall; private property)
  • Some of Trautwein's paintings were destroyed in a house fire in Wolfach-Kirnbach on March 20, 2014

drawings

  • The Devil of Schiltach 1533 (1930; Museum am Markt, Schiltach)
  • Burning of witches in Schiltach (1930; Museum am Markt, Schiltach)

Graphics

  • Advertising postcard NSDAP Black Forest with Hitler portrait (1932)
  • Certificates and posters for the NSDAP
  • Wolfach. A small Black Forest town in twelve stone drawings (1928; portfolio with twelve lithographs, self-published)
  • Alt-Schiltach (1934; portfolio with lithographs of Schiltach city views; Museum am Markt, Schiltach)

Other works

  • Warrior Memorial Cross (Heldenkreuz) Schiltach (1925)
  • War memorial Wolfach (1934)
  • Roll of honor war participant Schiltach / Lehengericht in the Franco-German War 1870/71 (1914, Schiltach, ev. Town church)
  • Wooden frieze of a Kinzig valley wedding procession (Café Schmidt / Wolfach, today private property)

Exhibitions

  • 1921: From March 19, 1921 to October 31, 1921, participates in the German Art Exhibition in Baden-Baden .
  • 2008: April 27, 2008 to November 2, 2008 Special exhibition on life's work in the Museum am Markt, Schiltach.
  • 2014: April 13, 2014 to October 5, 2014 Eduard Trautwein exhibition in the Museum Schloss Wolfach.

Web links

Commons : Eduard Trautwein  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sources on his biography and artistic development: curriculum vitae on schiltach.de; Trautwein's curriculum vitae in the Museum Schloss Wolfach , inv. 2009/329.
  2. ^ Illustration of a menu of Trautwein from 1909 in Brand, Peter: Die Karlins. Life and work of the Schiltach line from 1851 to the present day (PDF file). Schiltach 2011, Figure 11.
  3. ^ Report on E. Trautwein in the Offenburger Tageblatt from November 11, 1989
  4. ↑ antikbayreuth.de
  5. ↑ Hans Harter: The "brave warriors" of Schiltach and Lehengericht 1870/71.
  6. ↑ Harter, Hans: The "Warrior Memorial Cross" in Schiltach. In: The Ortenau 2014
  7. ↑ Trautwein's biography in the Museum Schloss Wolfach , inv. 2009/329.
  8. ↑ Hauth, Julius: The Schiltacher "Städtetag". In: The Ortenau. Journal of the Historisches Verein für Mittelbaden 69 (1989), 459–468, here 466.
  9. ↑ bad-bad.de
  10. ↑ Personal file of the Supreme Party Court of the NSDAP for Eduard Trautwein in the Federal Archives Berlin; Judgment chamber file in the Freiburg State Archive (D 180/2 No. 204721) landesarchiv-bw.de
  11. ↑ Otto Schrempp: Hindenburg and Hitler become honorary citizens of the city. Wolfach under the swastika. Offenburger Tageblatt, April 5, 1983.
  12. ↑ Source: http://www.philasearch.com/en/i_9109_2147/Third_Reich_Propaganda_artist_cards/25-A57-2147.html?breadcrumbId=29381625 (no longer online, accessed on May 23, 2011)
  13. ↑ Hans Harter: 80 years ago. Page 4.
  14. ↑ Illustrations in Andreas Morgenstern: Nationwide celebration of the “National Labor Day”. May 1st, 1933 in Schiltach. Page 5; Helmut Horn: The year 1933 in Schiltach and Lehengericht. Page 23; Hans Harter: 80 years ago. Page 4.
  15. ↑ Otto Schrempp: Hindenburg and Hitler become honorary citizens of the city. Wolfach under the swastika. Offenburger Tageblatt, April 5, 1983.
  16. ↑ For a portrait of Brünner, see malerei19jh.museum-kassel.de ; Biography: malerei19jh.museum-kassel.de
  17. ^ Reports in the newspaper "Der Kinzigtäler" from 20./22. July 1935. Wolfach City Archives.
  18. ↑ Personal file of the Supreme Party Court of the NSDAP for Eduard Trautwein / Federal Archives Berlin
  19. ↑ Batzer, Ernst: Chronicle 1933–1936. In: The Ortenau. Publications of the historical association for Mittelbaden 23 (1936), V-XIV; here page XI
  20. ↑ Krausbeck, Josef: The Wolfacher museum. In: Die Ortenau 50 (1970), 94-105, here 94f.
  21. ↑ schwarzwaelder-bote.de
  22. ↑ Spruchkammer file in the archive Freiburg State (D 180/2 no. 204721) landesarchiv-bw.de
  23. ↑ Appendix 1 SGB VI average pay in Euro / DM / RM. In: Social Code (SGB VI) - Sixth Book. Statutory pension insurance, accessed on July 18, 2018 .
  24. ^ [1] on Eduard-Trautwein-Straße in Wolfach in the SWR.
  25. ^ Report in the Offenburger Tageblatt, Kinzigtal edition, from March 24, 2014.
  26. ↑ bad-bad.de
  27. ↑ schiltach.de
  28. ↑ tportal.toubiz.de
personal data
SURNAME Trautwein, Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH May 25, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Schiltach
DATE OF DEATH May 9, 1978
Place of death Wolfach