Breisach on the Rhine
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Coordinates: 48 ° 2 ′ N , 7 ° 35 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Freiburg | |
| County : | Breisgau-Upper Black Forest | |
| Height : | 225 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 54.61 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 15,606 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 286 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 79206 | |
| Primaries : | 07667, 07664, 07668 | |
| License plate : | FR | |
| Community key : | 08 3 15 015 | |
| LOCODE : | DE BSH | |
| NUTS : | DE132 | |
| City structure: | 12 districts / boroughs | |
City administration address : |
Münsterplatz 1 79206 Breisach am Rhein |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Oliver Rein ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Breisach am Rhein in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district | ||
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Breisach am Rhein ( Alemannic Brisach am Rhin , French Vieux-Brisach ) is a city on the Upper Rhine on the German-French border halfway between Colmar and Freiburg im Breisgau (each about 20 kilometers) and about 60 kilometers north of Basel and south of Strasbourg . It is close to the Kaiserstuhl . A Rhine bridge for road traffic leads to Volgelsheim on the French side.
In the late Middle Ages , Breisach was initially an independent and later pledged imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire , which is reflected in the city's coat of arms. In the early modern period , Breisach was expanded into an imperial fortress.
The importance of the city of Breisach am Rhein today lies in its function for the region on the German side and the neighboring Alsace . The catchment area comprises around 40,000 inhabitants.
geography
climate
The annual precipitation is 774 millimeters and lies in the lower third of the measuring points of the German Weather Service . 28 percent indicate lower values. The driest month is March; it rains most in May. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the upper third. In over 84 percent of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less.
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Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Breisach am Rhein - Station Freiburg (237 m)
Source: [2]
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City structure
The city of Breisach am Rhein consists of the districts of Breisach, Gündlingen, Niederrimsingen and Oberrimsingen . The districts are spatially identical to the municipalities of the same name that were independent until the 1970s. The city districts are officially named by the prefixed name of the city and followed by the word "district" and the name of the districts connected with a hyphen. The four districts form residential districts in the sense of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code with the names residential district Breisach (including Hochstetten) , residential district Gündlingen , residential district Niederrimsingen and residential district Oberrimsingen (including Grezhausen) . The districts of Gündlingen, Niederrimsingen and Oberrimsingen are localities each with their own local council and a local councilor as its chairman.
The Breisach district includes the city of Breisach am Rhein, the Hochstetten district as well as various individual farms and residential areas. The Eckartsberg , on which a castle and a monastery once stood, rises south of the old town of Breisach . In 1851 an obelisk was erected here in memory of the transition from Breisach and Breisgau to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806. A European flag commemorates the Breisach Europe vote on July 9, 1950.
The village of Gündlingen and the settlement belong to the district of Gündlingen. The Niederrimsingen district includes the village of Niederrimsingen and the brickworks residential area. The Oberrimsingen district includes the villages of Oberrimsingen and Grezhausen and the hamlet of Rothaus. In the district of Breisach is the abandoned castle Üsenberg , in the district of Gündlingen are the abandoned towns of Alzenach and Egelfingen, furthermore in the district of Oberrimsingens are the abandoned towns of Achheim, Bonhoven (possibly identical to Boningen) Geitenheim, Grüningen (not with certainty in Oberrimsingen ) and Leidenhofen.
etymology
The name Breisach was derived from the Celtic personal name * Brîsios with the suffix -āko, which expresses ownership , and thus means "estate des Brîsios". The twilight at Breisach is due to the early New High German diphthongization . In the Alemannic dialect , the city with the preserved Monophthong is called Brisach .
history
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The mountain on which Breisach is located was in high water in the Rhine until Johann Gottfried Tulla corrected the Rhine . In ancient times it was the seat of a Celtic prince .
The Romans were talking from the 4th century to about in the early 5th century AD on the " mons Brisiacus " an auxiliary fort for border security. Emperor Valentinian I issued an edict there on August 30, 369 , in which Breisach was first mentioned in a document as "brisiacus" (from the Celtic brisin-ac / "water breaker"). Its content was preserved in the Codex Theodosianus . According to more recent archaeological findings, the Roman camp had an area of approximately three hectares and had a representative administrative and residential building, a so-called praetorium . From here, Emperor Valentinian I supervised the expansion of the Rhine border with new military fortifications in order to better protect the Roman Empire from the advancing Alemanni .
In the 11th century, Breisach was one of the headquarters of the Zähringer family . A Breisach coin from the 11th century to the Faroe Islands in the coin find of Sandur discovered.
Around 1146 the Bishop of Basel had a merchant settlement with a church built on the Münsterberg, but the Staufers founded the town of Breisach in the current sense in 1185. When King Philip of Swabia needed money, the Staufer pledged 3,000 marks in silver in 1198 in Breisach Berthold V. The takeover of the city by the Duke of Zähringen eliminated trade competition between Breisach and Freiburg im Breisgau . Until his death in 1218, Berthold had Breisach Castle built on the north side, the wheel fountain in the middle and St. Stephan Minster on the south side of the mountain.
After the death of the last Hohenstaufen King Conrad IV in 1254, sovereignty fell back to the Prince Diocese of Basel, led by Bishop Heinrich von Neuenburg , in the subsequent interregnum . In the following years Rudolf von Habsburg succeeded in collecting all the Hohenstaufen goods on the Upper Rhine, especially in 1273, when Graff Rudolphus came to the Roman Empire, where everyone had to give way to him and give his praise space . In the same year, King Breisach granted the status of a Free and Imperial City .
In 1330, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian pledged the city to the Austrian dukes Otto the Merry and Albrecht the Wise or Lame. In 1458 their great-grandson Archduke Albrecht ceded the Austrian foothills and thus Breisach to his cousin Archduke Sigismund the Coin Rich, who pledged the city in 1469 to Charles the Bold of Burgundy. Karl's governor Peter von Hagenbach took care of the administration. In 1474 he was charged with encroaching on legal rights, crimes against morality and the like. a. was accused in Breisach, convicted and beheaded on the Anger in front of the copper gate. After the death of Charles the Bold, Breisach passed to Maximilian I as the inheritance of his wife Maria , the daughter of Charles. The city then remained Austrian until the Peace of Westphalia .
Frequent changes of ruler
The frequent changes of rulers in Breisach are documented at the town hall:
above: Diocese of Basel, Staufer, Zähringer, Free Imperial City, Austria, pledge of Burgundy, Kingdom of France, Baden, Federal Republic
below: Oberrimsingen, Niederrimsingen, Gündlingen, city of Breisach am Rhein, Baden-Württemberg, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Saint-Louis , Neuf-Brisach
The Basel bishops ruled Breisach until the city was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1273
Short Zähringen interlude with Bertold V, to whom the Staufer Philipp von Schwaben mortgaged the city
From 1273 the Habsburgs were the Lords of Breisach until the Peace of Westphalia
Until his death, the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold held Breisach briefly as a Habsburg pledge
Thirty Years' War
Since the early 16th century, the Habsburg emperors had Breisach expanded as an imperial fortress. Already at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War it was recognized that the Rhine was of great importance as a waterway and transport route to the Spanish Netherlands, especially for the Habsburgs . That is why the imperial fortress was not only referred to as the "key to the Rhine" but increasingly as the "key to the empire". At the Habsburg court in distant Vienna this was summed up in the saying “Breisach lost, everything lost”.
The Reichsfestung Breisach was occupied by 3,000 garrison soldiers and armed with 152 cannons. It withstood the first onslaught of the Thirty Years War for a long time, when Rhine Count Otto Ludwig besieged Breisach on July 9, 1633. Because of the endangered supply of food and powder to the fortress, the siege was nevertheless dangerous. Therefore, the emperor was delighted when, after the unification of the Bavarian army of the Catholic League under Johann von Aldringen and a Spanish army under Duke Feria , the imperial fortress was on its way to the Spanish Netherlands on October 20, 1633, and the Could end the siege.
When an agreement in the religious conflict appeared possible with the Peace of Prague , France rekindled the war in German lands with Cardinal Richelieu financing an army of 18,000 men ( Armée d'Allemagne ) for the landless Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar . In his ambition to create his own imperial principality, Bernhard took the forest towns of Waldshut, Säckingen, Laufenburg and Rheinfelden in quick succession in 1638 ; then he conquered Freiburg.
From June 1638, Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar's army besieged the imperial fortress of Breisach. The city commandant Freiherr von Reinach had the order from Emperor Ferdinand III. to hold the fortress by all means. In the besieged fortress , food gradually ran out. In August 1638 an imperial Bavarian army with 14,000 mercenaries under Johann von Götzen and Federigo Savelli tried to drive out the besiegers and to relieve Breisach. Although the troops succeeded in taking a bridge over the Rhine, the French-Swedish besiegers - like the besieged hungry - repulsed the imperial attackers on August 9, 1638 after an attack hastily ordered by Savelli. The siege continued. On October 24, 1638, a second attempt at liberation of the fortress under Johann von Götz failed, in whose new army Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen was supposedly also a mercenary.
On October 28th the last outer works of Breisach fell. The explosion of a powder magazine on December 3 opened a breach. Finally the imperial fortress surrendered on December 17, 1638. Only 150 of the approximately 4,000 inhabitants of Breisach survived hunger and plague. The fortress commander Reinach was allowed to honor the remaining 400 soldiers, i. H. with flying colors and two cannons, withdraw to Strasbourg.
After the conquest of Breisach, Richelieu immediately wanted to appoint a French city commander, but the Duke of Weimar refused to agree and instead made Breisach the seat of his “Princely Saxon Government”. After Bernhard von Weimar died unexpectedly on July 18, 1639, his general, disregarding the last will of the duke, surrendered the fortress to the French, who viewed it as their own conquest. In the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Breisach also fell de iure to France.
Louis XIV
Louis XIV saw Breisach as an integral part of his kingdom. He called his fortress builder Vauban to expand the fortress and had the Rhine Gate decorated splendidly, on which one could supposedly read: Limes eram Gallis, nunc Pons et Janua fio; Si pergunt, Gallis nullibi limes erit (translation: I was the border with the Gauls, now I become a gate and a bridge; if the Gauls advance, there is no border for them). Even if historians doubt the existence of the inscription, the text illustrates the expansion efforts of Louis XIV, who even had a Reunionskammer set up in Breisach in 1670 . At the end of the Palatinate War , France had to restitute Breisach to the Reich in the Peace of Rijswijk Breisach in 1697 , but only after Vauban had closed the gap in the French fortification belt with the construction of Neuf-Brisach did the French hand over the fortress to the Reich on April 1, 1700 .
Louis XIV had not got over the loss of Breisach and at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession sent his grandson the Duke of Burgundy Louis de France ( le Petit Dauphin ) and Marshal Tallard with an army to the city at the end of August 1703. The French had Marshal Vauban with them as fortress experts, who skilfully directed the use of the French artillery, so that the besiegers soon succeeded in digging up the water in the main ditch. On September 6, 1703, the Alt-Breisach fortress capitulated. When the French moved in, the fortress commander, Count Philip von Arco , threw himself at the Duke of Burgundy's feet and reverently kissed the conqueror's hand. Prinz Eugen commented: “I can't understand how it happened with this imposing fortress. Breisach was shamefully lost. ”A court martial condemned Count von Arco, whom an executioner beheaded on February 14, 1704 on the market square in Bregenz .
The city in the 18th century
With the Peace of Rastatt on March 7th 1714, Breisach became imperial again. In 1790 the Viennese government assigned the Upper Austrian Breisach to the Oberamt Breisgau .
During the Revolutionary Wars, the French besieged the city in 1793 and took Alt-Breisach after a cannonade from September 15th to 19th of the "Reich Keys". The damage to the buildings from the shelling and the resulting fires was such that a Swiss newspaper reported: The city of Breisach has ceased to exist. The Republican Blitz destroyed them. 577 houses, which served as apartments for 2700 residents, have disappeared. After the defeat of the Austrians in the Third Coalition War , Napoleon struck the newly formed Grand Duchy of Baden in the Peace of Pressburg Breisach in 1805 .
The Modern Age
During the November pogrom in 1938 , SA men destroyed the synagogue on Rheintorstrasse / Im Klösterle . A memorial and a plaque at the former location remind of this. On October 22, 1940, the last Germans of Jewish faith living in Breisach were deported to the Gurs camp as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign . The Jewish community of Breisach had a history of over 700 years; towards the end of the 19th century it had over 500 members.
When the Allies crossed the Rhine near Breisach in the spring of 1945, 85 percent of the city was destroyed by artillery fire. St. Stephen's Cathedral was also badly damaged again.
Due to the eventful historical experiences and with the will to contribute to a peaceful coexistence of the different peoples and cultures, the population of Breisach was the first in Europe on July 9th 1950 in a vote with 95.6% of the electoral vote for a united and free Europe off; since then, Breisach has been called " European City ".
The city has had the name affix on the Rhine since June 27, 1961.
In 1969, Breisach was designated as the location for a nuclear power plant . However, this failed, and in 1973 Wyhl was chosen as the location. The construction of the Wyhl nuclear power plant also failed.
- See also
Incorporations
- Hochstetten (Breisach branch since the Middle Ages)
- April 1, 1972: Gündlingen
- April 1, 1973: Niederrimsingen
- January 1, 1975: Oberrimsingen (with Grezhausen, which was incorporated there in 1936)
- Coats of arms of the earlier municipalities
Gündlingen
Niederrimsingen
Oberrimsingen
Grezhausen
politics
Municipal council
The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 57.68%:
| Nomination | Share of votes | G / V | Seats | G / V | |
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| CDU | 30.99% | - 9.80% | 9 | - 2nd | |
| SPD | 16.22% | - 3.29% | 5 | ± 0 | |
| GREEN | 15.09% | + 4.51% | 4th | + 1 | |
| Environmental list Breisach (ULB) | 14.31% | + 0.47% | 4th | ± 0 | |
| FDP / FWB | 12.08% | + 1.64% | 3 | - 1 | |
| AfD | 6.79% | + 6.79% | 2 | + 2 | |
| Citizens' List (BlB) | 2.72% | + 2.72% | 1 | + 1 | |
| Animal welfare party | 1.80% | + 1.80% | 1 | + 1 | |
mayor
The mayor also presides over the municipal council with a seat and vote.
- 1948–1962: Josef Bueb ( SPD )
- 1962–1982: Fritz Schanno ( CDU )
- 1982-2006: Alfred Vonarb ( CDU )
- since 2006: Oliver Rein ( CDU (since 2008, previously independent))
Town twinning
Breisach maintains partnerships with
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Saint-Louis , suburb of Basel in the French department of Haut-Rhin, since 1960 -
Pürgg-Trautenfels in the Austrian Styria, since 1994 partner municipality of the Niederrimsingen district -
Neuf-Brisach (Neu-Breisach) in the French department of Haut-Rhin in sight on the other side of the Rhine , since 2000
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Oświęcim (Auschwitz), since 2009
Culture and sights
theatre
The Breisach Festival has been offering large open-air theater since 1924 . Until 1961, the pieces were performed on Münsterplatz in front of the St. Stephan cathedral. In 1962 the festival moved to the city's palace square, where a permanent structure was built that offers 748 covered seats. The facility can be visited all year round. The festival season lasts from June to September each year. The program features a large full-length production and a children's play. In 2008 these were “ The Lady of the Camellias ” by Alexandre Dumas the Elder. J. and " The Jungle Book " after Rudyard Kipling . The productions attracted over 15,000 visitors to Schlossplatz. In the 2009 season, Anatevka and The Chinese Nightingale were on the program. In 2010 the plays " Mord im Pfarrhaus " based on Agatha Christie and " The Little Mermaid " based on Hans Christian Andersen were played. In 2011 the ensemble of the Breisacher Festival, which is recruited from club members, played " The Count of Monte Christo " based on the novel by Alexandre Dumas. The Young Theater brought a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm to the stage: “ The devil with the three golden hairs ”. In 2018 the Festival Breisach eV set a new record with the plays Dracula and Aladin (19,757 visitors).
In the district of Oberrimsingen , the cabaret stage has established itself in Rimsingen Castle , where cabaret, theater, shows, music and more with well-known and regional artists is offered. There are regular arts and crafts markets in the castle courtyard.
Museums
The Museum of City History in the Rheintor, one of the most beautiful baroque fortress gates still in existence in Europe (built by Jacques Tarade around 1678) shows a sophisticated collection of exhibits, documents and pictures of the city from the Stone Age to the present on 400 square meters. In addition to archaeological objects, parts of the cathedral treasure and paintings by Breisach artists of the 19th and 20th centuries, several models of the Breisach Fortress in the 17th and 18th centuries are particularly worth seeing. Changing special exhibitions on topics of recent city history make visiting the museum interesting again and again.
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Galleries
The Goldammer Gallery on the Münsterberg is located in a historic building with a Renaissance portal and vaulted cellar, where temporary exhibitions take place. Galerie KUNSTWERK in the Leopoldschanze offers a permanent exhibition of paintings by Gerard Marcel Meyer, Jean-Marie Liesenfeld, Wolfgang Schäfer and "Le Leonard" Leo Beck as well as sculptures by Ute Rupprecht and Matthias Stauss. Exhibitions of photographic art and photography take place in the Ari Nahor Atelier. Art ceramics can be seen in the Suzuki workshop community. Further art exhibitions take place in the Breisach town hall and in the former hospital church. The association Kunstkreis Radbrunnen Breisach organizes exhibitions in the historic Radbrunnen tower several times a year .
Franco-German school meeting place in the youth hostel
The Breisach Youth Hostel is located directly on the Rhine and is only a few minutes' walk from the train station and the city center. The house with 158 beds offers many sports and leisure opportunities. The youth hostel is also a Franco-German school meeting place for German and French school classes, who can meet here for joint projects.
Buildings
St. Stephan cathedral
The Romanesque Minster St. Stephan was built between the end of the 12th century and 1230. The choir was rebuilt from around 1275. The Romanesque cathedral is a basilical , cruciform structure in a bound system, stretched between the steeply rising high Gothic choir and the late Gothic west building, which is pushed forward like a crossbar .
The forms of the building, some of which already show elements of the transition to Gothic , suggest that the Romanesque cathedral was built between the end of the 12th century and 1230. The crypt , which is open to the outside, is unique , the layout of which required the sloping terrain to the east.
Many pieces of equipment from the late Middle Ages and early modern times have been preserved in the cathedral. In the west building, Martin Schongauer created monumental paintings depicting the Last Judgment between 1488 and 1491 . The western wall shows Christ as judge of the world between Mary and John the Baptist as intercessors. Hell and Paradise are depicted on the south and north walls. See also Martin Schongauer's Last Judgment .
The main altar is one of the most important carvings in German art at the turn from Gothic to Renaissance . In addition to the completion date of 1526, the signature "HL" can be found several times, which in recent research is often associated with the carver Hans Loy, who worked in Freiburg im Breisgau and Ulm . However, a reliable attribution is not possible. See also high altar of the master HL .
The choir with the carved altar is separated from the nave by the late Gothic rood screen built in 1496 . As the altar date from the 16th century and the tabernacle (1520), the Heilig grave niche (around 1520/30) and the carved stalls (1525-27). The carved pulpit dates from 1597 and shows elements of the Renaissance style.
In 1996, Franz Gutmann created a new celebration altar in front of the rood screen, under which the reliquary of the holy city patrons Gervasius and Protasius is located today. The shrine, clad in precious silver work, was created in 1497 by Peter Berlin from Wimpfen.
Parts of the window cycles of the Breisach Minster were designed by the glass painter Valentin Peter Feuerstein , who u. a. also created the glass windows in the neighboring Evangelical Church in Ihringen am Kaiserstuhl and a rosette in the Freiburg Minster .
Other structures and sights
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- In the Radbrunnenturm there is a well shaft over 40 meters deep, which allowed a supply of drinking water even after a long siege. The judicial investigation into the Hagenbach case took place in the Radbrunnenturm in 1474.
- The Rhine Gate, which now houses a museum, and the Copper Gate, on the other hand, are parts of the baroque fortress.
- The Tullaturm is a typical monument of the Baden cities along the Rhine. It was built in 1874 on the site of the medieval castle in honor of the Baden engineer Johann Gottfried Tulla. The listed 16 meter high tower is open on the day of the open monument as part of guided tours as a viewing tower .
- Despite the frequent destruction of the city, further gates and towers still bear witness to its medieval fortifications:
- Gutgesellentor: It was built in 1402 and was named after the guardian family. At this gate on April 29, 1415 the antipope John XXIII. arrested after he fled the Council of Constance . The fools' guild room is located on the upper floor of the gate.
- Hagenbachturm: named after the Burgundian bailiff Peter von Hagenbach , who was imprisoned here from April 11th to May 9th until his conviction and execution in 1474.
- Kapftor: The name goes back to kaphe = "view". The gate was probably built in the 12th century, was a military detention center from 1895–1912 and is now an urban residential building.
- Copper gate: part of the baroque fortress, built 1641–1643 in the course of the fort's expansion, badly damaged in 1793 and rebuilt in a simplified form in 1844. At times guard house, from 1893 to 1918 garrison depot. Today the seat of two groups of fools from Breisach.
- The “ Blue House ” is the former Jewish community center. It was built before 1691 and is now a memorial and meeting center for coming to terms with Jewish history in the region. It was declared “ Monument of the Month March 2004” by the Monument Foundation Baden-Württemberg .
- The Verenenkapelle in the Hochstetten district was first mentioned in 1139. It was destroyed twice by French troops, in 1676 and 1799. In 1818 it was rebuilt, now with the addition of a school house, in which teaching was carried out until 1869. A statue of Saint Verena belongs to the simple interior of the chapel . The bell in the roof turret dates from 1895.
- The former St. Martin Hospital Church: The Heiliggeistspital at the Rheintor, first mentioned in 1301, was moved here around 1675, where the granary of the Marienau Cistercian convent, which was closed and destroyed in 1525, was previously located. The church belonging to the hospital was consecrated to St. Martin and was renovated in the 18th century. From 1834–1842, the pastor and dean Pantaleon Rosmann (1776–1853) built a new hospital along today's Spitalgasse. In addition to the sick, the poor, the elderly and orphans were also taken in here. In years of hunger, the population was provided with food from here. Since 1853 the care of the residents has been in the care of the Order of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul . When the Allies crossed the Rhine near Breisach in the spring of 1945, 85 percent of the city was destroyed by artillery fire, including the hospital church. Only the outer walls remained. In 1966 the church was rebuilt as a municipal event space. For the founder and honorary citizen of the city, Pantaleon Rosmann, the building houses a memorial from 1856, which was created by the Freiburg sculptor Aloys Knittel . A carillon has been housed in the roof turret since 1990, and the panel painting “Pompeian Tomb” by Prof. Bernhard Metzger (* 1951 in Colmar) from 2001 hangs in the former choir .
- The former Cistercian convent Marienau was destroyed in the Peasants' War in 1525. It was built in 1250 on the site of the Zähring ministerial court of the von Tunsel family . Blessed Bertha, who came from an Alsatian aristocratic family, probably lived here until 1264 and then founded the Dominican convent of St. Anna in Freiburg, which was accepted into the Cistercian order in 1265. Blessed Bertha died in 1304. The Marienau monastery owned substantial property through foundations in Breisach, the Breisgau and Alsace. The farmyard of the monastery was located in the area of the later Heiliggeistspital between the market square and Eckartsberg. At that time the monastery was outside the city walls and was a strategic threat during the Beuern War. It was therefore demolished in 1525 by the city down to the foundation walls. In the course of the fortification expansion, the monastery cemetery was closed in 1632.
- The Protestant Martin Bucer Church is the only church on the Kaiserstuhl that was completely rebuilt after the Second World War. It was built according to plans by the Freiburg architect Hans-Dieter Poppe and inaugurated in May 1968. It is an octagonal building with a large tent roof without a tower. In the church there is a historic Stieffel organ from 1826. The church and parish have been named after the Alsatian reformer Martin Bucer since 1996 .
- The Eckartsberg
- The savings bank building on Neutorplatz was the seat of the city administration of Breisach, which was 85% destroyed from 1945 to 1953. The famous Breisach Europe Vote took place here on July 9, 1950.
- In Neutorstraße (pedestrian zone) there are numerous historically interesting buildings, traditional restaurants and the city pharmacy, which has been documented since 1798.
sport and freetime
Due to its unique location on the Rhine, the city of Breisach offers a special variety of sports and leisure opportunities. You can go sailing and rowing on the water, motor boating, yacht boating and water skiing are also possible. From Easter to December, excursion boats regularly depart from a ship landing stage for lock tours, day trips to Basel , Strasbourg and Colmar, or culinary tours.
The Rhine plain , the Kaiserstuhl and the Tuniberg can be explored on an extensive network of cycle paths . In addition, several national routes run through Breisach, for example the Green Road and the Rhine Cycle Route . Hikers use Breisach as a starting point for half-day or day tours. In the Kaiserstuhl and on the Tuniberg, several themed trails have been laid out since 2007, two of which start in Breisach and another leads over the Tuniberg with access from the Breisach districts of Ober- and Niederrimsingen. The routes of different lengths are suitable for families as well as ambitious hikers and offer views of the Black Forest , the Rhine Plain and the Vosges , information on interesting geology and the unique fauna and flora of the Kaiserstuhl.
With the forest swimming pool, the city of Breisach has an outdoor pool. Right next door in the Rheinwald there are tennis facilities and the sports fields of the football club, which are also used by athletes. Three Nordic walking routes of different lengths are also signposted in the Rheinwald. There are also signposted circular courses for Nordic walking in the districts of Gündlingen, Nieder- and Oberrimsingen. There is a golf course and several riding stables in the vicinity of Breisach. In the core town of Breisach and in the districts of Hochstetten, Gündlingen, Oberrimsingen with Grezhausen and Niederrimsingen, there are around 130 associations, 52 of which are organized in the interest group of Breisach associations.
Economy and Infrastructure
education
Elementary school "Theresianum", elementary and secondary school "Julius-Leber-Schule" with branch elementary school in Gündlingen, elementary school Rimsingen (Niederrimsingen), St. Ulrich elementary school (Oberrimsingen), Hugo Höfler secondary school, Martin Schongauer grammar school , Vocational school with a technical high school, adult education center Westlicher Kaiserstuhl-Tuniberg, Erich-Kiehn-Schule / private home special school for educational assistance of the Christophorus youth work (in Oberrimsingen), flex distance school to prepare for an external secondary or secondary school certificate (in Oberrimsingen), youth music school Westlicher Kaiserstuhl -Tuniberg
traffic
There is a connection to the national railway network with the Breisacher Bahn to Freiburg im Breisgau , on which the Breisgau S-Bahn runs, and with the Kaiserstuhlbahn to Riegel am Kaiserstuhl operated by the Südwestdeutsche Verkehrs-AG (SWEG) .
In addition, the Freiburger Verkehrs AG (VAG) offers another direct connection with the bus route 31 via the districts of Hochstetten, Gündlingen, Ober- and Niederrimsingen to and from Freiburg.
Südbadenbus operates a direct connection across the Rhine to the sister city of Neu-Breisach and on to Colmar in Alsace with bus line 1076 and a bus connection to Freiburg with line 7211, which supplements rail traffic in the outskirts of the day. The traffic of the Kaiserstuhlbahn is supplemented by a bus line to Vogtsburg.
Two city bus routes operated by Südbadenbus GmbH and Tuniberg Express serve the city center. The smallest and southernmost district of Grezhausen is connected to the city center by a shared taxi line.
With the federal road 31 to Lindau (Lake Constance) and the D 415 to Colmar on the French side, Breisach is well connected to the national road network.
Breisach is located on a cross-border holiday route , which begins as Route Verte in Contrexéville in the Vosges, crosses the Rhine near Breisach and ends in the north route as the Green Road in Lindau.
Established businesses
The Badische Winzerkeller eG , which operates Europe's largest producer winery , the Gräflich von Kageneck'sche Wein- und Sektkellerei and the Geldermann Privatsektkellerei as part of the Rotkäppchen-Mumm Sektkellerei are located in Breisach . These businesses prove the great importance of viticulture in Breisach and in the Kaiserstuhl.
Other larger companies based in Breisach are u. a.
- Sparkasse Staufen-Breisach
- Volksbank Breisgau-Markgräflerland eG
- Wallpaper factory Erismann & Cie.
- GEISMAR Gleisbaumaschinen GmbH, a manufacturer of track construction machines .
- Südglas EG, sorting, cleaning, distribution of beverage bottles and closures
- Birkenmeier Stein + Design
- Kleyling Spedition GmbH
Courts and authorities
Breisach has a local court that belongs to the regional court district of Freiburg im Breisgau and the OLG district of Karlsruhe , as well as a notary's office. On the former barracks area at Europaplatz there is a branch of the District Office Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald with the departments of surveying & geoinformation, land consolidation & rural development and agriculture (with technical school). Furthermore, a police station, a road maintenance department and a water and shipping office are based in Breisach.
media
The weekly newspaper ReblandKurier, which is called “BreisachKurier” in this issue, reports on local events in Breisach am Rhein. There are also a number of other newspapers that are read in Breisach, such as "Breisach Aktuell" and the daily "Badische Zeitung" in Freiburg im Breisgau.
tourism
In the last 15 to 20 years, tourism in Breisach has developed into an important branch of the economy that continues to grow in importance. Tourism work is in the hands of Breisach-Touristik, a department of the city administration that has been continuously expanded into a modern tourism service center in recent years. Breisach-Touristik is responsible for outdoor and indoor tourism marketing and guest care . It is also the office of Kaiserstuhl-Tuniberg Tourismus eV and the German contact point for Green Street , a holiday route between the German Black Forest and the French Vosges.
With 160,000 overnight stays and 60,000 guests in 2010 and around 650,000 day-trippers annually, tourism is an important economic factor for Breisach. The share of foreign guests is around 20 percent. Overall, tourism in Breisach is growing in all areas and employs around 335 full-time people in the city.
Telephone prefixes
The city has the area code 07667. Notwithstanding this, the 07664 in Niederrimsingen and Oberrimsingen and the 07668 in Gündlingen.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Walther von Breisach (1256–1300), poet
- Augustin Mintmaster of Breisach († 1380), Bishop of Seckau
- Antonius von Pforr (* 1483), cleric, lawyer, writer ("Book of Examples")
- Gervasius Sauffer / Sopher (around 1489–1556 Strasbourg), humanist and lawyer
- Johannes Gast (around 1500–1552 in Basel), Protestant theologian, writer
- Thomas Schöpf (1520–1577), city doctor in Colmar, then in Bern, alleged cartographer
- Heinrich Vambes de Florimont (1663–1752), Bavarian General Feldzeugmeister , of French origin
- Gervasius Brunck (Gervasius Brisacensis), Capuchin, theologian, writer, 1690–1694 Guardian of the Capuchin Monastery of Solothurn , 1700–1703, 1705–1715 Provincial of the Swiss Capuchin Province
- Franz Xaver Kindl (1713–1772 Dinkelsbühl), sculptor
- Franz Sigrist (Breisach 1727 – Vienna 1803), rococo painter, imperial court painter
- David Geissma (* approx. 1800, † after 1887), rabbi
- Gervas Krezmaier (1814–1871), painter
- Ernst Adolf Birkenmayer (1842–1916), lawyer and member of the German Reichstag
- Karl Gutmann (1854–1931), elementary school director and prehistoric
- Günther Haselier (1914–1991), President of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives Directorate, reorganizer of the State Archives in Baden-Württemberg, writer
- Hannelore Hensle (* 1943), social worker, head of disaster relief at the Diakonie
- Siegfried Stier (1959–2003), cook
- Udo Lay (* 1960), former soccer player
- Reinhold Nann (* 1960), Roman Catholic clergyman, prelate of Caravelí in Peru
- Michael Obert (* 1966), writer, journalist
- Stephanie Günther (* 1966), politician (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen), member of the state parliament
- Bernd H. Zwönitzer (* 1967), freelance artist in painting and photography
- Pascal Krauss (* 1987), mixed martial arts fighter
- Oliver Baumann (* 1990), soccer goalkeeper
- Felix Brückmann (* 1990), ice hockey goalkeeper
- Alexander Brückmann (* 1992), ice hockey player
- Yannik Keitel (* 2000), soccer player
People who worked in Breisach
- Saint Ulrich von Zell , 1078-1087 Cluniacenser prior in the Grüningen monastery (today Breisach-Oberrimsingen)
- John XIII (Baldessare Cossa) (around 1370–1419), (anti-) Pope, captured in Breisach in 1415
- Peter von Hagenbach († 1474), Burgundian governor, partially lived in Breisach and beheaded here after a court hearing
- Martin Schongauer (1450–1491), painter, died in Breisach
- Johannes Gallinarius (* around 1475 Heidelberg), humanist, cleric, in 1516 in Breisach, where he probably also died
- Master HL (Hans Loy?), An important carver, created the high altar in St. Stephen's Cathedral in 1523–1526
- Johann Ludwig von Erlach (1595–1650), Swiss general, died in Breisach
- Duke Bernhard von Weimar (1604–1639), Protestant military leader in the Thirty Years' War, 1638/39 in Breisach
- Lukas Gernler (1625–1675), theologian and university professor, court preacher to Johann Ludwig von Erlach
- Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707), French fortress builder
- Jacques Tarade (1640–1722), French fortress builder
- Konrad Mannlich (1701–1759), painter, court painter Pfalz-Zweibrücken, 1735 resident in Breisach
- Jeremias Biedermann (Augsburg around 1745 - Breisach 1706/1707), painter
- Bernhard Galura / Katzenschwanz (1764–1856), Prince-Bishop of Brixen, 1779–1788 in the Franciscan monastery and grammar school in Breisach
- Moses Reiss (1802–1878), district rabbi
- Rudolf Lambert Metzger (1841–1902), mechanic, electrical engineer, inventor, 1873–1902 in Breisach
- Robert Moritz (1873–1963), graphic artist, lithographer, painter, writer from Halle / Saale, stationed in Breisach during the First World War, created numerous views of the city and its surroundings
- Joseph Schmidlin (1876–1944), theologian, founder of the cath. Missiology, papal historian, writer, lived in Breisach 1935–1942, murdered in the Schirmeck-Struthoff concentration camp
- Julius Leber (1891–1945), German politician and resistance fighter, attended secondary school and commercial apprenticeship in Breisach
- Franz Johannes Weinrich (1897–1978), poet and writer, lived in Breisach from 1940–1962, his grave in the town. graveyard
- Franz Xaver Spiegelhalder (1900–1969), painter, 1930–1938 in Breisach
- Heinz Kögel (1916–1973), actor at the Breisach Festival before 1939, actor and director in the GDR (theater and DEFA)
- Karl Heinz Engelin (1924–1986), sculptor, 1954–1958 in Breisach
- Gisela Engelin-Hommes (1931–2017), sculptor, 1953–1958 in Breisach
- Helmut Lutz (* 1941), sculptor, painter and choreographer, most famous works including “Star Trail”, “Radbühne”, numerous church designs
- Rainer's stepfather, sculptor, painter
Honorary citizen
- Ernst Julius Leichtlen (1791–1830), Grand Duke. Archivist, honorary citizen 1827
- Karl Johann Roys, Ministerialassessor, honorary citizen 1828
- Pantaleon Rosmann (1776–1853), priest, historian, honorary citizen of Breisach in 1834
- Daniel Ringer (1797–1867), chief customs inspector, honorary citizen 1861
- Franz Xaver Lender (1797–1876), Catholic parish priest and dean, honorary citizen 1867
- Ernst Alber, forester, honorary citizen 1905
- Hugo Höfler (1898–1968), Catholic parish priest, clergyman, honorary citizen 1954
- Heinrich Ulmann (1879–1956), winery owner, city councilor, honorary citizen 1954
- Josef Bueb (1897–1974), mayor i. R., honorary citizen 1963 (Josef-Bueb-Straße commemorates him)
- August Ehrlacher (1898–1988), mayor i. R., honorary citizen 1969
- Otto Gutmann (1898–1982), old town councilor, honorary citizen 1969
- August Müller (1911–1977), Dean, Catholic parish priest, honorary citizen 1972
- Karl Bohn (1902–1985), senior teacher i. R., honorary citizen 1974
- Gustl Birkenmeier (1912–2001), manufacturer, honorary citizen 1982
- Fritz Schanno (1918–2017), mayor i. R., honorary citizen 1984
- Theo Bachmann, Mayor of the twin town Saint-Louis, honorary citizen 1985
- Erich Kiehn (1913–2008), educator, founder of the Christophorus-Jugendwerk in Oberrimsingen, winner of the Baden-Württemberg State Prize and the Federal Cross of Merit, honorary citizen 1993
- Artur Uhl (1914–1998), manufacturer, old town councilor, honorary citizen 1994
- Alfred Vonarb, Mayor i. R., honorary citizen 2006
literature
- Ernst-Volker Bärthel: The city forest of Breisach. 700 years of forest history in the floodplain of the Upper Rhine . Series of publications by the Baden-Württemberg State Forest Administration, Volume 18. Baden-Württemberg State Forest Administration & Forestry Experimental and Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart and Freiburg im Breisgau 1965.
- Hans David Blum: Jews in Breisach. From the beginning to the Shoah. 12-19 Century (= Jews in Breisach; Volume 1). Hartung-Gorre-Verlag, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-89649-362-0 .
- Wendelin Duda: The legends of the city of Breisach with city history - 19 legends . Freiburg Echo Verlag, Freiburg 2005, ISBN 3-86028-207-7
- Emile Erckmann, Alexandre Chatrian: Romance from Breisach . Transferred from Anton Lang, illustrations by Heidelore Goldammer. Breisach 2005.
- Uwe Driver: A tour through the old Breisach . Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1999.
- Uwe Driver: Gündlingen - pictures tell stories . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 2004.
- Uwe Driver: Justitia in Breisach. Highlights from nine centuries . Breisach 2004.
- Uwe driver u. a .: The Breisach Minster . Schnell + Steiner Verlag, Regensburg 2005, ISBN 3-7954-1649-3 .
- Franz Karl Grieshaber: The high altar in the Münster zu Breisach. A contribution to the history of German art . Birks, Rastatt 1833 ( digitized version ).
- Günther Haselier : History of the city of Breisach am Rhein (3 volumes). Breisach 1969–1985 (comprehensive city history).
- Elisabeth Kallfass: Breisach Judengasse - A reading book . Breisach 1993.
- Gebhard Klein: Breisach. The epitome of war suffering . Breisach 1980.
- Gebhard Klein: From Breisach's past and present. Stories, sagas and narratives . Breisach 2002.
- Horst Matt: Oberrimsingen and Grezhausen through the ages . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1997.
- Hermann Metz: 850 years (Breisach-) Hochstetten . Breisach 1989.
- Werner Nickolai u. a .: The coexistence of Jews and non-Jews in the period from 1933 to 1940 in Breisach (= Jews in Breisach; Volume 2). Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz 2006, ISBN 3-86628-050-5 .
- Eugen Reinhard, Heinz-K. Junk: City folder Breisach in: German City Atlas , Volume IV; 4th subband. Acta Collegii Historiae Urbanae Societatis Historicorum Internationalis - Series C. Dortmund-Altenbeken 1989, ISBN 3-89115-034-2 .
- Pantaleon Rosmann , Faustin Ens : History of the city of Breisach . Friedrich Wagner'sche Buchhandlung, Freiburg im Breisgau 1851 ( e-copy ).
- Josef Schmidlin: Breisach story . 1936 (Reprint: Freiburger Echo Verlag, Freiburg 2004).
- Gabriele Weber-Jenisch: Museum of City History Breisach am Rhein. Guide to the permanent exhibition in Breisach 1993.
- Thomas Zotz : Est in Alsaciae partibus castellum Brisicau. Breisach as the scene of political history in the 10th century . In: Journal of the Breisgau history association "Schau-ins-Land" 111 (1992), pp. 9-23 ( full text ).
Web links
- Official website of the city of Breisach am Rhein
- City History Museum
- Historical maps as digital copies 1 and 2
Remarks
- ↑ Savelli, who had already made serious mistakes in the battle of Rheinfelden , was recalled and was supposed to answer for his mistake before a court martial in Vienna. Thanks to his good relations with the Pope in Rome, the trial never came
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Breisach am Rhein from November 20, 2001, last changed on January 22, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume IV: Freiburg administrative district , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 71–76.
- ^ Albrecht Greule : Celtic place names in Baden-Württemberg, in: Imperium Romanum. Rome's provinces on the Neckar, Rhine and Danube, Stuttgart 2005, p. 82; Pierre-Yves Lambert : La langue gauloise, éditions errance, Arles cedex 1994. After Albert Dauzat , Charles Rostaing , in Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieux en France (Larousse 1968) and François de Beaurepaire in Les noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de l 'Eure (Picard 1981) have Brizay ( Indre-et-Loire , Brisiacum 1050); Brézay and Brézé have the same origin.
- ^ Ralf Dahrendorf Prize for Marcus Zagermann. Retrieved October 25, 2016 .
- ^ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, pp. 308–319, full text in the Google book search; see also 975 in the Google book search
- ^ Günther Seith: The areas on the right bank of the Rhine of the diocese of Basel. In: Zeitschrift Das Markgräflerland , issue 2/1951, p. 59, Schopfheim.
- ^ Joseph Bader, excerpts from official reports from 1638, Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 12 , 481, 1861.
- ^ Peter Brugger: Through the half-open door into Alsace
- ^ Christian Pantle: The Thirty Years' War. When Germany was on fire . Propylaen Ullstein Buchverlage GmbH, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-549-07443-5 , p. 230-233 .
- ↑ August Huber: Basel's share in the Breisach riots in the years 1652–1654. Basel Journal of History and Archeology, accessed on May 26, 2020 .
- ↑ Ernst Anrich: Richelieu and Alsace. In: Alsace, The Empire's Gate and Shield. J. Engelhorn's successor Adolf Spemann, Stuttgart 1940.
- ↑ Wolfgang Michael: The lost inscription from the Rheintor zu Breisach , Allemannia 24 , 249, 1908.
- ↑ Amand Iber: The Breisach Fortress in the more recent war history on the Upper Rhine. Journal of the Freiburg History Association 47 , 1, 1936.
- ^ Exhibition on the city history of Breisach, Museum for City History in the Rheintor 2008.
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 27f.
- ↑ Volker Kempf: Introduction , in: ders., Rudolf Stettin (Ed.): The European Union. Perspectives with a future? Bad Schussenried 2012, ISBN 978-3-87336-419-6 , pp. 11-14.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 496 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 508 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 509 .
- ↑ A life for Breisach and the region. In: "Breisach Aktuell", June 14, 2017.
- ↑ Breisach Youth Hostel
- ↑ Tullaturm Breisach on badische-seiten.de
- ↑ Where even the emperors were amazed in the Badische Zeitung of September 16, 2008, accessed on July 26, 2015
- ↑ Sign at the entrance to the chapel.
- ↑ Information board on the building
- ↑ cf. Hans-Otto Mühleisen, Breisach, Evang. Martin-Bucer-Kirche, in: Hans-Otto Mühleisen (Ed.), Kunst am Kaiserstuhl. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, undated ISBN 978-3-89870-284-3
- ↑ Badische Zeitung of August 4, 2003. rimsingen.de, accessed on November 3, 2018 .
- ^ Badische Seiten: Alter Friedhof Breisach , accessed on April 22, 2010.
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