Bregenz
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Borough Bregenz
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Vorarlberg | |
| Political District : | Bregenz | |
| License plate : | B. | |
| Area: | 29.5 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 30 ' N , 9 ° 45' E | |
| Height : | 427 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 29,534 (January 1, 2021) | |
| Postal code : | 6900 | |
| Area code : | 05574 | |
| Community code : | 8 02 07 | |
| NUTS region | AT342 | |
| UN / LOCODE | AT GT | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Rathausstrasse 4 6900 Bregenz |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Michael Ritsch ( SPÖ ) | |
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Municipal council : (Election year: 2020 ) (36 members) |
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| Location of Bregenz in the Bregenz district | ||
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 View from Oberhaggen (Lochau) to the city of Bregenz |
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Bregenz ( standard German pronunciation: [ ˈbreːɡɛnt͡s ], , Vorarlbergerisch : [ ˈbreaɡɐt͡s ]) (Latin Brigantium ) is the capital of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and capital of the district of the same name . The city has the most important Austrian Bodensee port of destination, is a railway junction , and sports and cultural center. In terms of population, Bregenz is the third largest city in Vorarlberg after Dornbirn and Feldkirch , but the agglomeration is more than twice the size of the city itself.
geography
location
Bregenz is located in the westernmost state of Austria, east of Lake Constance , north of the city of Dornbirn and the Bregenz Ach . The provincial capital of Vorarlberg is located between the mountainside of the Pfänderrücken with the Gebhardsberg projecting towards the west and the eastern shore of Lake Constance on the terraces of the Upper Town and Ölrain as well as on the shores of the lake. The settlement area has recently expanded more in the direction of the slopes of the Pfänders and Gebhardsbergs, but above all in the south-west, where the Rieden-Vorloster settlements emerged. These were incorporated in 1919. Further settlement expansions were made along the Bregenzer Ach, where the Achsiedlung was built. The former municipality of Fluh was incorporated into the municipality in 1938.
Altitude
The highest point of the municipality is over 1000 m above sea level. A. a little south of the Pfänder summit in the district of Fluh; the deepest point is the water surface of Lake Constance with an average height of 396 m above sea level. A. Lake Constance is also the lowest point in Vorarlberg. The city center of Bregenz, the lowest in Vorarlberg, is 398 m above sea level. A.
City structure
The political municipality of Bregenz consists of three cadastral municipalities (area as of December 31, 2019):
- Bregenz (936.41 ha)
- Fluh (585.97 ha)
- Rieden (1,400.58 ha; incorporated in 1919)
In these cadastral communities are the four districts of prekloster, town, Rieden (there is also the monastery Riedenburg) and Fluh. Kennelbach was also part of Rieden until 1912. In addition, the separate district of Fluh (incorporated in 1938/1945) on the slopes of Pfänder and Gebhardsberg forms a third cadastral community. In the municipality of Bregenz, certain locations are described in the form of reed names; this (eg. as Schendlingen, Am Stein, Funkenbühel, Hinterfeld, Ölrain, Thalbach, Britt huts) were already in the Urmappe mentioned from 1857.
The municipality is divided into two localities (number of inhabitants in brackets as of January 1, 2021):
- Bregenz (29.199)
- Fluh (335)
Neighboring communities
Bregenz is located on the east bank of Lake Constance. Bregenz borders on Lindau and thus on Germany via a narrow strip of shore that extends northwards along the easternmost part of the lake in front of Lochau . This limit extends over a few hundred meters in the mouth of the Leiblach (middle of the river).
The Bregenzer Ach forms the border to the neighboring communities of Lauterach and Hard in the south and south-west . It then flows into Lake Constance between Bregenz and Hard. The Pfänderbahn has been running since 1927 on Bregenz's local mountain, the Pfänder ( 1064 m above sea level ), the southern flank of which is the Gebhardsberg . Bregenz is 502 km west of Vienna as the crow flies.
Sea facilities
The beginning of the lake facilities was a lake shore path in 1842. The expansion continued with the port of the ship . This started in 1842 and the "Molo" was completed in 1890. The railway site was filled in and the bank promenade built in 1900, under which an oil pipeline (now disused) has been running since around 1965, was extended towards Lochau with the excavation created during the construction of this pipeline .
In urban terms, however, the city was cut off from the lakeshore by this railway line. This would have been reinforced by the parallel motorway route planned in the 1960s. A referendum in 1960 revealed a 90 percent rejection of the lakeshore route, but the federal government continued to pursue it. On the other hand, in January 1969 there was massive resentment among the Bregenz population, which ultimately led to the route of the autobahn through the Pfänder tunnel .
In 2009 and 2010 the port and sea facilities were redesigned. A new port building ("shaft") was built. Concrete seating was created at the flower mole ("sunset steps"), and a new lighthouse was built. Since 2014, the “pipeline”, which is colloquially known as the 1.7 km long Lake Constance access between the Bregenz harbor and Lochau, has been successively redesigned to create a new beach with a gently sloping bank.
Agglomeration
Around 63,000 people live in the Bregenz metropolitan area. In addition to Bregenz (28,000), this contiguous settlement area also includes Hard (13,000), Lauterach (10,000), Wolfurt (8,000), Kennelbach (2,000) and Lochau-Süd (2,000). In addition, a ribbon of settlements connects the cities of Bregenz and Dornbirn more and more to an agglomeration with over 100,000 inhabitants.
climate
In Bregenz there is a maritime climate (Cfb) .
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Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Bregenz
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population
Population development
Population structure
The age structure of the Bregenz population in 2011 differed slightly from the average in Vorarlberg. While 15.7% of the population in Bregenz were under 15 years of age, the figure in the federal state was 16.6%. The proportion of the population over 65 years of age was 17.1%, above the Vorarlberg average of 15.7%. With a value of 65.0%, Bregenz's employment rate for 15 to 64-year-olds was well below the Vorarlberg value of 70.9%. In contrast, the unemployment rate of 8.1% was well above the Vorarlberg average of 5.0%. In 2011, 47.9% men and 52.1% women lived in Bregenz.
level of education
In 2011, 50.7% of Bregenz residents had a secondary qualification (AHS, BMS, BHS or apprenticeship) and 12.7% had a tertiary qualification (university, academy or college qualification) as the highest degree, which is above the Vorarlberg average of 9.4%.
story
Place name
The place name is traced back to Celtic or Ligurian * brigant- 'outstanding'. It is linguistically identical to place names such as Brienz BE and Brienz / Brinzauls (Switzerland), Brianza (Northern Italy), Bragança (Portugal) and Briançon (France). The earliest known evidence for the name of today's Bregenz is Βριγάντιον (Brigántion) and comes from the years around the turn of the ages . Although today's city is only attested from the High Middle Ages, the name was borrowed into Alemannic many centuries earlier , which is reflected in the shift in the emphasis from the second to the first syllable, the sound shift from / t / to / ts / and in the primary umlaut from / a / to / e / before / i / manifested in the following syllable.
Early history and Roman times
The first settlements in the area of today's Bregenz emerged around 1500 BC. This is proven by settlement finds from the Early Bronze Age at the foot of the Gebhardsberg . During the Celtic period (from around 500 BC) Bregenz was one of the most heavily fortified places ( oppidum ) in the region. At that time, the Brigantier Celtic tribe settled in Vorarlberg. A testimony to Celtic culture is the Epona relief ( Epona or Rhiannon ) found in Bregenz , which, however, dates from Roman times.
In the year 15 BC The Romans conquered the Vorarlberg area for Emperor Augustus and built the city of Brigantium there - a Roman civil city with a forum , temple district, market halls, basilica , etc. Extensive archaeological remains, including mosaics , have been preserved from this phase of the place . In today's Protestant cemetery, a few remains of the walls of the imperial thermal baths are visible over the course of the day. Brigantium quickly grew into a settlement and was also of military importance. The prefect of the Roman Lake Constance fleet had its seat there. A road connected Brigantium via Cambodunum (Kempten im Allgäu) with Augusta Vindelicum ( Augsburg ).
Probably AD 233 and 259/260, Brigantium was destroyed by invading Alemanni , but was rebuilt by the Roman-Celtic population; the naturally better protected upper town has now been expanded and fortified like a fort. The territory of the late antique brigantium included all of the land west of the Arlberg up to Lake Constance and adjacent areas in the north. The fortress remained militarily important after 300 AD and, like Arbor Felix , Constantia and Tasgetium, belonged to a chain of forts that secured the Roman border on the Rhine and Lake Constance ( Danube-Iller-Rhine-Limes ). Like Arbor Felix , it was mentioned in the Tabula Peutingeriana , a late Roman map.
The Roman Emperor Gratian visited the city in 377. At least until about 410 AD, a Roman navy was stationed in Brigantium . During construction work on the pedestrian passage in the area of the Roman port (Leutbühel), remnants of the late Roman port facility were discovered in 1969.
The Alamanni settled the area around Brigantium from around 470 AD. Between the years 610 and 612, the Irish Scottish missionaries Columban and Gallus worked in the Bregenz area .
The plans of excavations from Roman times from the last 150 years were recorded in the digital city map by June 2017 and made freely accessible on the Internet. During archaeological excavations in 2013 and 2019, walls were discovered at the foot of the upper town, which, according to the archaeologists involved, suggest a Roman theater.
middle age
The upper town (old town) lies within the roughly rectangular wall area of the town walls from the 13th to 16th centuries, most of which have been preserved. Around 1220, three parallel alleys were laid out with about 57 courtyards of the same size, each with two ares . The first urban expansion down the hill by the Maurach was completed at the end of the 13th century. At its foot towards the lake, Kaiserstraße was expanded in 1363.
In 1330, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian granted the citizens of Bregenz the right to hold a weekly market every Monday.
In 1404 and 1445 the Bregenz suburb was destroyed in the Appenzell Wars and besieged for several months in the winter of 1407/1408 during the Battle of Bregenz . In 1451, the Habsburg dynasty bought half of the county of Bregenz with the city of Bregenz. In 1484 the expansion of Kirchstrasse was completed and at the end of the 15th century the market at Leutbühel gained more weight than the upper town.
After the most important noble family of the Lake Constance area, the Bregenz branch of the Counts of Montfort , died out, the whole of Bregenz became part of Front Austria in the Archduchy of Austria in 1523 .
17th to 19th century
On January 4, 1647, Bregenz was captured by the united armies of Sweden and France under Field Marshal Carl Gustaf Wrangel in the course of the Thirty Years' War . Before the Swedes withdrew again towards the end of the war in 1647, they blew up Hohenbregenz Castle on Gebhardsberg (see Naval War on Lake Constance 1632–1648 ).
From 1650 to 1652 the Kornmarkt was founded in Bregenz, which was paved from 1665 to 1667 and gained in importance.
In 1704 attacks by the French on the hermitage were repulsed. In 1753 an administration in Upper Austria was established with its seat in Constance , which existed until 1759. From 1759 to 1803 the responsibility for Vorarlberg, Swabia and Breisgau lay in Freiburg im Breisgau . Bregenz became a Habsburg country town .
In 1805 Bregenz became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1809, around 3,000 Vorarlberg freedom fighters were set up under the supreme command of High Commissioner Anton Schneider .
In the course of the following clashes against Bavarian and French troops, the Vorarlberg riflemen were able to record their greatest success on May 29, 1809 in Klien (near Hohenems ). After the defeat of the Austrian troops by Napoleon in July near Wagram , most of the Vorarlbergers gave up the fight. Only a few Oberlanders ( Klostertaler and Montafoner ) continued to resist the advancing French and Bavarian troops under Riedmiller's command - until they too fled to Tyrol in August.
Anton Schneider was arrested and Vorarlberg received a strong Bavarian occupation. Under the government of the Count of Montgelas, which was under French influence, the city got a modern administrative structure. Under the impression of the Congress of Vienna , Bavaria renounced the front of Austria in 1814, which meant that the rulers in front of the Arlberg (Vorarlberg) with the city of Bregenz and Tyrol fell back to the Austrian Empire.
The slopes behind the upper town include with the residences Lößler, Schedler, Mildenberg and Riedenburg were originally Counts of Montforts fiefs with wine and fruit growing and later partly belonged to the Mehrerau monastery.
For a long time the city could only be reached from the north through the hermitage. The widening of the Reichsstraße took place in 1831/1832 by Alois von Negrelli . A new connecting axis was created in 1849 by building the Römerstrasse and Arlbergstrasse. In 1861 Vorarlberg received its own state parliament with its seat in Bregenz. At the end of the 19th century the area between Belruptstrasse and Kornmarktstrasse was laid out like a grid.
20th and 21st centuries
Until the First World War, Bregenz was a garrison of the Austro-Hungarian Army , in 1914 the headquarters and the 1st Battalion of the Salzburg Infantry Regiment "Archduke Rainer" No. 59 were located here.
In 1918, now part of the Republic of German Austria, later Austria, the Vorarlberg administration separated from that of Tyrol, and Vorarlberg became a federal state with the provincial government in Bregenz. On May 11, 1919, a referendum took place in Vorarlberg - it was about the start of negotiations with Switzerland about the country's accession to the Confederation: 80% of Vorarlberg's eligible voters were in favor of such negotiations, and in Bregenz 1,701 in favor and 1,453 against it.
From 1938 the city was part of the new Ostmark . The area was later renamed "Donau- und Alpengaue" in the Greater German Empire . Bregenz became a district town in the Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg and district leader was Hans Dietrich. In the years 1939 to 1941, more than 2,000 South Tyroleans moved to the South Tyrolean settlement .
Bregenz Jews were also affected by persecution and deportations . On the day of the “ annexation ” to the German Reich , a Bregenz doctor demanded in the Vorarlberger Tagblatt that the “exterminators of the German people be stamped out”. Especially from the spring of 1942 onwards there were waves of persecution.
On April 29, 1945, French troops crossed the Vorarlberg border at Lochau and Hohenweiler and on May 1, Bregenz was conquered, with the city being partially destroyed. From 1945 to 1955, Bregenz was part of the French occupation zone , and reconstruction in the state of Vorarlberg took place. With the occupation, a state government and a mayor were appointed.
In the post-war period, a start was made on using the level of the Feldmoos and the Weidach, located under the Arlberg, Josef-Huter and Kennelbacherstrasse, for residential buildings.
In 1984, on the occasion of the 175th anniversary of the uprising year 1809, an Andreas Hofer monument was opened in the South Tyrolean settlement .
The Johann-August-Malin-Gesellschaft , founded in 1982 as the “Historical Association for Vorarlberg”, is dedicated to researching contemporary history, in particular anti-Semitism, Austrofascism and National Socialism and the resistance to it. In 2011, their chairman Werner Bundschuh and the then Deputy Mayor of Bregenz, Gernot Kiermayr (Greens) , demanded the erection of a memorial for Wehrmacht deserters in Bregenz. At this point in time, only one large project for a deserter memorial in Vienna was conceived in Austria. In November 2014, the city of Bregenz announced a two-phase competition. From October to December 2015, a program of events accompanied the opening of the memorial by Nataša Sienčnik on November 14, 2015 at Sparkassenplatz with a speech by Holocaust survivor Ágnes Heller on the subject of a world that needs heroes .
On December 4, 2019, Bregenz received the Austrian SDG Award and was recognized as a pioneer in the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Austria. This was the first time that the Senate of Economy, supported by the Austrian National Council and the Federal Ministry for Sustainability and Tourism , had also announced the Austrian SDG Award for sustainable communities and cities in Austria, and in Vorarlberg the The market town of Nenzing and the state capital of Bregenz received awards.
Culture and sights
Bregenz has a cultural offer that is far above average for cities of this size. The largest cultural event is the Bregenz Festival.
Festivals
Bregenz Festival
The Bregenz Festival is an internationally recognized cultural festival and attracts well over 100,000 people to Bregenz (2011: 166,453) every year with a budget of around 20 million euros. The program changes every two years and always lasts from July to August. In addition to playing on the lake on the floating stage, orchestral concerts or operas are played in the adjoining festival hall . With crossculture there is also a children's and youth program during and before the start of the festival.
With an audience capacity of around 7,000, the stage is the largest floating stage in the world.
Jazz festival
The Bregenz Jazz Festival has been held every June on Kornmarktplatz since 2014, after the New Orleans Festival , which took place in early summer for several days in early summer from 1999 to 2013, was no longer supported by the initiator Markus Linder . In addition to the name change, there was also a musical genre change from blues to jazz . The location and the timing remained roughly the same.
Bregenz spring
The Bregenz Spring is a dance festival that has been held every year between March and May in the Festspielhaus since 1987 . Dance ensembles from all over the world show their new productions, including Austrian premieres. With a budget of around 500,000 euros and up to 10,000 visitors, the Bregenz Spring is one of the most important dance festivals in Austria. The artistic director was Wolfgang Fetz until the end of 2016. Until 2016 it was an event of the Bregenz Art Association, since the Bregenz Spring 2017 the organization has been with the culture department of the city of Bregenz, and since 2018 also the artistic director. The Bregenz Spring 2020 had to be canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria .
theatre
Vorarlberg State Theater
Located in the middle of the “Bregenz Culture Mile”, the Vorarlberger Landestheater in the “Theater am Kornmarkt” has made a name for itself for the interpretation of classics as well as for world premieres of modern plays.
Theater cosmos
The aim of the contemporary theater Kosmos is to inspire young people for theatrical art.
Museums
vorarlberg museum
The vorarlberg museum located on Kornmarkt , until 2011 the “Vorarlberger Landesmuseum”, shows collections on the Roman history of the region, on the art and culture of Vorarlberg as well as thematic special exhibitions. The new building designed by the architects Andreas Cukrowicz and Anton Nachbaur was opened in June 2013. The seamlessly cast facades by the Bolzano artist Manfred Alois Mayr show a structure made of casts from the bottoms of PET bottles.
Wettingen-Mehrerau Territorial Abbey
The showpiece of the Cistercian Abbey Wettingen-Mehrerau is the old library. Chalices, vestments, altarpieces and other treasures are in the possession of the monks.
Contemporary visual arts
Kunsthaus Bregenz (KUB)
Since it opened in 1997, the Kunsthaus Bregenz has been one of the most important museums for contemporary art in German-speaking countries. Works by well-known artists such as Roy Lichtenstein and Jeff Koons are shown.
The architect Peter Zumthor won the Mies van der Rohe Prize for Architecture with the KUB project in 1998 .
Artist house Bregenz
In the artist Bregenz ( "Palais Thurn und Taxis ") changing exhibitions of contemporary art can be seen international and Austrian artists.
Magazine 4
The magazine 4 is the former warehouse "Magazin 4" of the Pircher company and today the official building of the state capital Bregenz. In addition to the offices of the culture department, the building houses event rooms that are used or rented by the city. Until the end of 2016 it was the home of the “Magazin4-Bregenz Art Association”. This organized, among other things, exhibitions and events in the building.
Buildings
The cottage
Deuring-Schlössle
State Library
Vorarlberg's largest library is housed in a baroque church or a former monastery. The renovated domed hall also serves as an event location for B. for readings.
Country house Bregenz
The official building of the Vorarlberg state government was built 1973–1980 by Wilhelm Holzbauer .
Martinsturm
Pfänderbahn valley station
The Martinsturm, a former granary in the first courtyard of the Counts of Bregenz, was built in 1601 as a tower with a loggia with three arched arcades each on pillars and a stone parapet in the northeast corner of the curtain wall. It is crowned by a high curved onion dome with a lantern by Benedetto Prato. It is now one of the landmarks of the city of Bregenz.
Pfänderbahn valley station
For cable car stations, planned in 1926 by the architect Willibald Braun , there were no models at that time.
Other structures
- Old Town Hall: Built in 1662 by Michael Kuen , this free-standing building with a high pointed gable housed the town hall from the 17th to the 19th century.
- Benger area: The factory building with its own administration wing was planned by the architects Wittmann und Stahl from Stuttgart in 1892 , and the weaving section was designed by the Bregenz architect Otto Mallaun at the same time . This hosiery production facility is an iron construction with a clinker brick facade, with numerous neo-Gothic details such as a crossed gable, tower and bay window. This is where the name “industrial lock” comes from.
- Hohenbregenz Castle
- Deuringschlössle: This building has a core from the 14th or 15th century and was erected in its present form mainly in the second half of the 17th century.
- Fischersteg: In the 1920s, it was possible to take a seaplane tour around Lake Constance from here . The Fischersteg is now mainly used as a viewing platform and in the summer months (May to September) as an open-air bar when the weather is nice.
- Green House: Today this is the seat of the environmental institute in Montfortstrasse. This building by Willibald Braun was built in 1925/1926. In the 1920s, classicist architectural elements were still used in a greatly simplified form, the result is representative architecture reduced to objectivity. Traces of Expressionism (arcades) and homeland security architecture (oriel turrets) have also been preserved on this building.
- "Mili" (former military baths): The operators of this historic bathing establishment are the Bregenz municipal utilities. It is a U-shaped wooden pile structure that lies on the Bregenz pipeline.
- Post office: A striking building from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, built in 1895 by Friedrich Setz . It shows monumental neo-renaissance forms, a domed central risalit with aedicula and ridge lattice as well as presented Ionic columns with crowning allegorical figures of traffic. The post office is in the immediate vicinity of the Kunsthaus and the State Theater.
- Roman villa (ruin): The remains of a Roman villa from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD were uncovered in 1990 near the city tunnel.
- Lake promenade with pier: The lake promenade leads from the ship harbor past the boat harbor to the lake stage with the festival and congress hall.
- Sports house: Integrated into the lakeshore landscape, the sports house of the tourist association with an attached restaurant was built in the lake facilities in 1906 by the architect Otto Mallaun . Sports houses of this type were a meeting place for society, hence the villa and country house character.
- Textilhaus Holzner: Built in Kaiserstraße by Klaus Ströbele in 1935/1936. While in the 1930s the Vorarlberg builders preferred at least allusions to down-to-earth architecture, here the builder gave his architect the opportunity to create a decidedly international architecture.
- The Achsiedlung is a satellite town along the Bregenzer Ach on the outskirts of Bregenz. The residential complex - consisting of around 50 buildings - is still one of the largest settlement projects in the state of Vorarlberg.
Churches
Sacred Heart Church
City parish church of St. Gallus
Kreuzkirche am Ölrain
Nepomuk Chapel
Catholic churches
- The parish church of Bregenz-St. Gallus was originally a Romanesque complex and was built in the Gothic style after a fire of 1477. In 1737 it was rebuilt in the baroque style by Franz Anton Beer - with baroque choir stalls by Johann Joseph Christian from the former monastery church in Mehrerau .
- Parish Church of Bregenz-Herz Jesu (1908)
- The parish church of Bregenz-Mariahilf in the Rieden-Vorloster district was built between 1925 and 1937 as a church for heroes' thanksgiving during the First World War, based on plans by Clemens Holzmeister . The connection of functional buildings (parish and parish house) and the sacred building with a forecourt to form a complex is remarkable.
- The parish church of Bregenz-St. Gebhard in Rieden pre-monastery was built from 1956 to 1961.
- The parish church of Bregenz-St. Columban (1966) is a modern church building on Weidachstrasse.
- The parish church of Bregenz-Fluh in Fluh is also a pilgrimage church.
- The Mehrerau monastery church .
- The Capuchin Church of the former Capuchin monastery from 1636 was expanded to include a Joseph Chapel in the 18th century.
- The Johannes Nepomuk Chapel was built in 1757 with the help of Johann Michael Beer von Bildstein . The restored baroque central building with dome houses a richly decorated high altar.
- The chapel on the Gebhardsberg and today's pilgrimage church of St. Gebhard and Georg in the former castle goes back to a hermitage founded there in 1720. The current building was built in 1791 after a fire. The painting with scenes from the life of St. Gebhard dates from 1895.
- The Chapel of St. Martin was donated by Count Wilhelm III in 1362 . von Montfort on the upper floor of the Martinsturm at the time .
- The lake chapel was built in 1445 to commemorate the victory over the Appenzeller and was rebuilt by Kaspar Held in the Baroque style in 1698/1699 according to plans by Christian Thumb and is consecrated to St. George and Our Lady. A special feature is the Renaissance high altar (1615) by Esaias Gruber from the former Hofen / Lochau castle chapel.
- The infirmary chapel of Our Lady was donated in 1400 by Count Hugo von Montfort for the infirmary . From 1744 to 1746 the Gothic chapel was redesigned in Baroque style.
Protestant churches
- The Evangelical Kreuzkirche am Ölrain in Kosmus-Jenny-Straße was built in the years 1862–1864 according to plans by Carl Leins in the neo-Gothic style. She owns a Rieger organ (1981). During the construction, remains of Roman walls were discovered, some of which are included in the cemetery wall. The building is from the Protestant Church A. and H. B. used.
- The Methodist Church is housed in a villa from the turn of the century and an attached community center at Blumenstrasse 5 .
Monasteries
- Marienberg Monastery (Villa Raczyński): In 1877 the Polish Count Raczyński had this villa built for his wife on the north-western slope of the Gebhardsberg. The castle villa in neo-baroque style (by Stefan Dragl) crowns the gently sloping park landscape. Since 1904 the villa has housed a Dominican convent and school.
- Riedenburg Monastery : The monastery was built by Hans Sutter between 1862 and 1865. The exterior is structured by strong buttresses. The nave and the narrow transept have a common gable roof. The private girls' secondary school Sacré Coeur of the Catholic order of sisters Sacré-Cœur is located on the grounds of the Riedenburg monastery .
Wettingen-Mehrerau Monastery
This strictly symmetrical construction of the Mehrerau sanatorium (1922/1923) with a two-storey loggia and archial entrance staircase with modest dimensions anticipates the representative style of Clemens Holzmeister , which he later developed for the government buildings in Ankara .
Thalbach Monastery, "The Work"
In 1436 a community of Franciscan women was founded in the clusa Thalbach at the foot of the Gebhardsberg .
In 1485 the first chapel in the Thalbachklause was inaugurated. After the first new building, Thalbach was given all the rights of a monastery in 1575. For centuries the sisters from Thalbach were known for their exemplary religious life: Thalbach Franciscan Sisters were called to revive decayed or extinct monasteries (e.g. Wonnenstein Monastery in 1584 and Grimmenstein Monastery in Appenzell) or to lead other monasteries ( Sipplingen and Möggingen ) to be.
When an epidemic raged in the Benedictine monastery of Mehrerau (Cistercian since 1854) in 1592 , the Thalbach sisters were asked to take care of the monastery kitchen. The plague has been defeated. As a thank you gift in 1592 the Franciscan Sisters received a precious statue of the Virgin Mary of the Sedes Sapientiae type (“Seat of Wisdom”). In 1609/1910 the monastery church was rebuilt by Giovanni Prato . In 1675 a new monastery was built by the baroque master builders Michael Thumb from Bezau and Michael Kuen from Bregenz. In 1782 the Thalbach monastery was abolished by Emperor Joseph II.
In 1796 the Dominicans from Hirschberg-Hirschtal / Kennelbach acquired the orphaned Thalbach monastery from the city of Bregenz . In 1797 the valuable statue of the Virgin Mary, which had been kept by the Bregenz citizen Karg, was brought back to the monastery church. The work of the Dominican women as a contemplative community and at the same time in the upbringing and training of girls was significant for Bregenz and the surrounding area.
In 1983 the clerical family “Das Werk” took over the Thalbach monastery at the request of the Dominican Sisters.
Fountains and monuments
- The memorial " resistance in Vorarlberg 1938-1945" by Nataša Siencnik recalls since November 2015 Sparkassenplatz with three lines fall leaf display informative of about 100 people who are against Nazism presented, deserted or helped refugees.
- Anton Schneider Monument, Seestrasse: The portrait sculpture of the commander of the popular uprising of 1809 was created in bronze by Georg Matt in 1910 .
- Hugo-Von-Montfort-Brunnen: Fountain depicting the minstrel Hugo von Montfort (* 1357 in Bregenz) in bronze by Emil Gehrer .
- Shadow square fountain: The shadow square is located 100 meters from downtown Bregenz, at the end of Maurachgasse. It got its name because of the light at night, where the fountain is always in the shade.
Mushroom kiosk
In the vicinity of the port is one of the last eight copies of a mushroom kiosk , which is also called "milk mushroom", the latter because you can buy various milk drinks there.
Sports
Swimming, skating, jogging and cycling along Lake Constance are possible in summer and ice skating in winter. The conglomerate rock band under the Gebhardsberg has been developed as a climbing garden since the 1980s and is included in the Vorarlberg climbing guide .
The Pfänder serves as a hiking area in summer and as a small ski and toboggan area in winter.
Every year in October the marathon of the 3 countries on Lake Constance takes place in Bregenz . The route leads through the three countries bordering Lake Constance, Germany, Austria and Switzerland and runs along the majority of the distance along Lake Constance, the destination is in Bregenz.
In the soccer Bundesliga , Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz achieved 5th place in the 2003/2004 season, the best placement that a Vorarlberg soccer club had ever achieved in this league. In 2005 the heavily indebted association had to file for bankruptcy. The successor club of the same name, Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz , also plays in the Bodenseestadion, which is now called the “Casinostadion” due to the sponsorship agreement with Casinos Austria .
The Lake Constance Cup has been held annually in Bregenz for young football teams in the U9 to U19 age groups since 2014. During the Whitsun weekend, up to 100 teams with over 1700 players from up to eight countries meet in this competition.
In 1946 the handball club Bregenz Handball (then SC Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz ) was founded as a section of SC Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz . Bregenz Handball has won the Austrian Championship in the Handball League Austria nine times , making it the record champion. Bregenz Handball also won the Austrian Cup four times and made it into the group stage of the EHF Champions League several times .
Bathing establishments
Bregenz military bathing establishment
The Bregenz military bathing facility on Reichsstrasse (popularly known as “Mili”) was built in 1825 to train the soldiers of the nearby Bilgeri barracks . It is a single-story pile structure connected to the bank by a wooden walkway and includes changing rooms, a two-story sundeck and ladders into the water. Since the end of the Second World War, the bathing establishment has been operated by the city of Bregenz as a public outdoor pool.
Bregenz beach and indoor swimming pool
The first lido in Bregenz was opened as early as 1935 after there were already a few interim outdoor pools. Prior to a referendum, the demolition of the old lido, the old floating stage and the sports hall began in 1978 and a new lido with an adjoining indoor pool was built.
Spa
In the Am Brand parcel in the upper town of Bregenz, a sulfur bath was used from 1790 to 1806, but it was only of regional importance and is said to have had little healing effect. The nearby Gasthof Schiff also had a small medicinal bath.
See also the therapeutic bath in the Mehrerau: Heilbad Mehrerau and the territorial abbey Wettingen-Mehrerau .
Site design
As part of the European “ Entente Florale Europe ” competition, Bregenz was awarded a silver medal in the city category in 1996.
Economy and Infrastructure
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city of Bregenz experienced strong economic development with the food and luxury goods industry, precision mechanics and textiles. Tourism also became an important branch of industry.
The 1527 companies located in Bregenz had 17,357 employees and 571 apprentices as of May 15, 2001; there were a total of 12,385 employees subject to wage tax. Nine companies in Bregenz employ more than 200 people and are therefore considered to be large companies.
Companies
The most important companies in Bregenz include:
- Dietrich / Untertrifaller Architects , architectural office
- Hypo Vorarlberg Bank
- Julius Blum GmbH , manufacturer of fittings
- Congress culture Bregenz , With its event building, the Festspielhaus Bregenz, the company is an international congress and event center located directly on Lake Constance with around 400,000 visitors annually.
- Rhomberg Group , construction company
- Vorarlberg Lines-Bodenseeschifffahrt, shipping company
- illwerke vkw , energy supply and service company
- Vorarlberger Landes-Versicherung VaG, mutual insurance association
- Wolford AG, underwear manufacturer
Public health system
In the area of public health, Bregenz has adequate provision for a state capital. The city of Bregenz, for example, is a larger hospital, which is operated by the state of Vorarlberg through the Vorarlberger Krankenhausbetriebsgesellschaft . In addition, the city itself has three retirement homes, two of which are run as social centers.
The Austrian Red Cross operates a Red Cross office in Bregenz, which comprises 191 mostly volunteer employees and who completed 22,395 missions in 2011. The office with five ambulances and three ambulances is not only responsible for the Bregenz city area, but also for the Leiblachtal , the Vorderwald in the Sulzberg / Doren area and the entire Rhine delta . There is also an emergency doctor's vehicle stationed at the LKH Bregenz , which is also looked after by the Red Cross and provides emergency medical care for the area of operation.
In Bregenz, the Austrian Mountain Rescue Service and the Austrian Water Rescue also maintain their headquarters and their own offices.
public safety
As the capital of Vorarlberg, Bregenz is the seat of the Vorarlberg State Police Department, to which the State Criminal Police Office and the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Combating Terrorism are affiliated. Contrary to the different designations, these are federal authorities, specifically the guard body of the Federal Police of the Federal Ministry of the Interior . In Bregenz, the Federal Police also maintains the district police command for the Bregenz district, a police station and a border police station at the Bregenz train station. The municipal guard of the city of Bregenz, which is commonly referred to as the Bregenz city police , also takes care of public safety .
As a further public safety facility, the voluntary fire brigade of the city of Bregenz maintains four local fire brigades in the municipality (Bregenz-Stadt, Bregenz-Rieden, Bregenz-Vorloster and Bregenz-Fluh). Bregenz is one of only three Austrian provincial capitals that does not have its own professional fire brigade, but leaves the fire brigade tasks to the volunteer fire brigade, which is equipped and financially supported by the city of Bregenz.
education
Bregenz is one of the most important educational centers in the state of Vorarlberg and the most important school location in the Bregenz district. There were 14 kindergartens and 9,175 pupils in Bregenz, 2,125 of them at general secondary schools (AHS) and 4,645 at vocational secondary schools (BHS) (as of January 2003).
The state capital Bregenz operates six municipal primary schools . There is also a private elementary school in Marienberg and an elementary school at the Bregenz Weidach school, which is run as a special education school. In the field of secondary three urban exist in Bregenz middle schools and the lower grades of the four high schools Bregenz, the two federal schools Blumenstraße and Gallusstraße and private high schools Mehrerau and Sacre Coeur Riedenburg . There are also two vocational middle schools, both of which are located at the private business school in Marienberg (one-year business school and business school). In addition, the three state vocational schools in Bregenz are also part of the middle school education, which, however , is completed in parallel with the apprenticeship training .
In addition, Bregenz is particularly important as a location for several higher schools beyond the city limits. In addition to the upper levels of the four grammar schools already mentioned, there are also several higher vocational schools. The largest school in Bregenz is the Federal Trade Academy and Federal Trade School Bregenz , closely followed by the Higher Technical Federal Teaching and Research Institute in Bregenz . In addition, there are also two private schools here, namely the higher education institutions for business professions in Marienberg and Riedenburg. As a continuing educational offer, there is also a school for general health and nursing care in Bregenz .
The Vorarlberg State Library is located in Bregenz as a scientific regional library for Vorarlberg and the city library with two branches (branch city and branch Vorarlberg).
An important cultural institute in Bregenz is the Bregenz Music School with the main building Villa Liebenstein and the Grunental branch. Around 1,300 music students are currently being taught by around 50 teachers. Numerous concerts and performances take place every year, the most important of which include: “Music in the Park” and the final concert.
The adult education center in Bregenz offers more than 500 courses every year.
Since October 2016, in cooperation with the Sigmund Freud University of Vienna, the subjects of psychology, law, psychotherapy studies and art therapy have been taught at the Sigmund Freud Private University Bodensee ( SFU Bodensee ) in Bregenz.
traffic
- Street
The Rheintal / Walgau Autobahn A 14 bypasses Bregenz through the Pfänder tunnel east of the city area, the city is connected to the A 14 via the city tunnel via the motorway feeder . The two important state roads L 190 Vorarlberger Straße and L 202 Schweizer Straße , which meet in Bregenz and connect the city with the national borders with Switzerland and Germany, lead directly through the city of Bregenz. Due to the geographical location of the city of Bregenz between Lake Constance and the mountain range of the Pfänderstock, the main traffic connections leading through Bregenz are bottlenecks for individual traffic, which is why there are always major congestion in and around the city, especially during rush hour and when the holiday shift changes.
- railroad
Bregenz received a railway connection with the opening of the standard-gauge railway line Lindau-Bludenz in 1872 , and there was also a railway connection to Bezau from 1902 to 1983 with the narrow-gauge Bregenzerwaldbahn . Today the ÖBB operates three train stations in the city: Bregenz train station (often incorrectly referred to as Bregenz main train station), "Bregenz Hafen" and Riedenburg , with Bregenz Hafen and Riedenburg only serving regional traffic as part of the Vorarlberg S-Bahn . In addition to the Railjets coming from Vienna and ending here, Bregenz is also operated by an InterCity train pair from / to Innsbruck and the EuroCity trains on the Zurich - Munich connection . Due to the direct rail connection from Bregenz to Switzerland (in the direction of St. Margrethen or St. Gallen ) and to Germany (via the Bavarian city of Lindau ), the station has its own border police station, which is located in the reception building.
Various city and regional bus routes run from the station forecourt, including Landbus Unterland , Landbus Bregenzerwald and connections to Leiblachtal . Bregenz is thus the central traffic junction of the northern Rhine Valley and of traffic-technical importance for the entire Bregenz district. Within the urban area, the Bregenz city bus, owned by Stadtwerke Bregenz, has been set up, which connects the most important facilities and residential areas of the city with five bus routes.
- wheel
The Lake Constance Cycle Path , which is mostly close to the shore, also runs through Bregenz .
- Hiking trails
Bregenz is the end point of the Northern Alps long-distance hiking trail , which begins at Lake Neusiedl , as well as the Maximiliansweg . The European long-distance hiking trails E4 and E5 also run through Bregenz . The Munich Way of St. James leads to Bregenz as a pilgrimage route.
- shipping
The international transport association United Shipping Companies for Lake Constance and Rhine (VSU), commonly known as Lake Constance shipping, for scheduled, excursion and special trips has existed in its beginnings since 1860/65 and serves the port of Bregenz.
- Environment ranking
The following graph shows a comparison of the Austrian provincial capitals in seven environmentally relevant areas, which was carried out in 2020 by the environmental organization Greenpeace (the more points, the better):
- Choice of mode of transport: Number of trips in passenger transport that are covered in an environmentally friendly way on foot, by bike or by public transport.
- Air quality: pollution with nitrogen dioxide and fine dust
- Cycle traffic: length of cycle network, number of city bike stations, number of traffic accidents
- Public transport: price, temporal and spatial coverage
- Parking space: price for parking, proportion of short-term parking zones
- Pedestrians: Areas in the pedestrian zones and the traffic-calmed zones, number of traffic accidents
- Car alternatives: number of electric cars, number of electric charging stations, number of car sharing cars
- Average: Sum of the seven individual ratings divided by seven.
politics
Mayor
The mayors of the state capital Bregenz since 1945:
Election results
The results of the municipal council and mayoral elections of the state capital Bregenz since 1950:
| date | Eligible voters | voter turnout | voices |
|---|---|---|---|
| April 23, 1950 | 11,229 | 91.9% |
ÖVP: 41.5% SPÖ: 26.7% FPÖ: 5.8% KLS: 26.0% |
| April 3, 1955 | 12,177 | 93.3% |
ÖVP: 50.7% SPÖ: 28.9% FPÖ: 4.6% KLS: 15.8% |
| April 3, 1960 | 13,444 | 93.8% |
ÖVP: 54.6% SPÖ: 26.6% FPÖ: 16.1% KLS: 2.7% |
| April 4, 1965 | 14,237 | 93.3% |
ÖVP: 57.9% SPÖ: 24.5% FPÖ: 15.2% KLS: 2.4% |
| April 12, 1970 | 14,407 | 92.9% |
ÖVP: 41.0% SPÖ: 35.8% FPÖ: 22.5% KPÖ: 0.7% |
| April 13, 1975 | 14,288 | 93.4% | ÖVP: 36.7% SPÖ: 51.1% FPÖ: 11.4% KPÖ: 0.6% SGP: 0.2% |
| April 20, 1980 | 15,263 | 92.6% | ÖVP: 32.6% SPÖ: 53.6% FPÖ: 6.1% KPÖ: 0.3% B. List: 7.4% |
| April 21, 1985 | 16,315 | 90.8% | ÖVP: 30.2% SPÖ: 54.5% FPÖ: 4.4% KPÖ: 0.3% B. List: 7.6% B. Green: 3.0% |
| April 1, 1990 | 17,109 | 89.2% | ÖVP: 37.1% SPÖ: 42.1% FPÖ: 9.3% B. List: 5.6% B. Green: 5.9% |
| April 2, 1995 | 17,361 | 90.0% |
ÖVP: 47.3% SPÖ: 25.1% FPÖ: 15.1% GFB: 5.8% LFB: 5.6% League: 1.1% |
| April 2, 2000 | 17,516 | 85.3% |
ÖVP: 52.32% SPÖ: 17.49% FPÖ: 14.82% GFB: 8.5% LiB: 2.39% Bregenz thinks: 3.99% List V: 0.49% |
| Direct mayor election 2000 |
Markus Linhart: 72.98% Manfred Bliem: 12.68% Irina Schoettel: 9.36% Karl-Heinz Marent: 4.98% |
||
| April 2, 2005 | 18,141 | 61.38% |
ÖVP: 38.15% SPÖ: 35.48% FPÖ .: 7.28% The Greens: 13.41% Bregenz thinks: 5.30% Per pre-monastery: 0.36% |
| Mayor direct election 2005 | Markus Linhart: 40.68% Michael Ritsch: 37.32% Werner Karg: 6.82% Gernot Kiermayr: 9.90% Karl-Heinz Marent: 5.27% |
||
| Mayoral election 2005 |
Markus Linhart: 52.56% Michael Ritsch: 47.44% |
||
| March 14, 2010 | 19,899 | 59.38% |
ÖVP: 48.76% SPÖ: 26.28% The Greens: 10.40% FPÖ: 8.48% Bregenz thinks: 4.44% Pirates .: 1.64% |
| Mayor direct election 2010 |
Markus Linhart: 56.84% Michael Ritsch: 26.09% Gernot Kiermayr: 6.87% Harald Stifter: 6.14% Karl-Heinz Marent: 4.06% |
||
| March 15, 2015 | 21,051 | 52.57% |
ÖVP: 43.89% SPÖ: 22.89% The Greens: 14.04% FPÖ: 15.52% Bregenz thinks: 0.98% NEOS: 2.67% |
| Mayor direct election 2015 |
Markus Linhart: 50.02% Michael Ritsch: 22.82% Sandra Schoch: 8.14% Andrea Kinz: 16.35% Marent Karl-Heinz: 0.79% Alexander Moosbrugger: 1.88% |
||
| September 13, 2020 | 21,462 | 50.0% |
ÖVP: 39.37%
SPÖ: 29.58% FPÖ: 6.81% The Greens: 16.61% neos plus: 5.65% HaK Bregenz: 1.99% |
| Mayor direct election 2020 |
Markus Linhart: 43.21%
Michael Ritsch: 34.49% Philipp Kuner: 5.53% Sandra Schoch: 11.60% Alexander Moosbrugger: 5.18% |
||
| Mayoral election 2020 | Markus Linhart: 48.33%
Michael Ritsch: 51.67% |
||
City council
Members of the City Council (as of November 2020):
- Mayor: Michael Ritsch, SPÖ
- Vice Mayor: Sandra Schoch , The Greens
- City Councilor: Annette Fritsch, SPÖ
- City councilor: Michael Felder, ÖVP
- City councilor: Florian Rainer, ÖVP
- City council: Michael Rauth, ÖVP
- City Councilor: Veronika Marte , ÖVP
- City council: Robert Pockenauer, SPÖ
- City Councilor: Eveline Mießgang, SPÖ
- City Council: Heribert Hehle, The Greens
City council
(−4.12)
(+6.69)
(+2.58)
(−8.72)
(−0.98)
( n. K. )
(+2.98)
After the municipal council and mayoral elections in 2020 (compared to 2015), the city council (36) will be composed as follows:
- ÖVP : 15 mandates (−1)
- SPÖ : 11 seats (+3)
- FPÖ : 2 mandates (−4)
- The Greens : 6 seats (+1)
- NEOS : 2 mandates (+1)
coat of arms
The city of Bregenz was awarded the city coat of arms by the new sovereign King Ferdinand, who later became Emperor Ferdinand I , in 1529 . It is that of the Counts of Bregenz (the Ulriche ). This coat of arms is a fur coat of arms, as it is often found in France or England. The entire shield surface of the coat of arms is covered with fur . The official description of the coat of arms does not speak of an ermine for the middle post, but of "silver with ermine tails":
- A sign of Kürsch that of a silver piles is traversed, in which three Hermelinschwänzchen appear one above the other.
In graphics, the furrier, i.e. squirrel fur , is often shown in steel blue (the valuable Russian fur). The city administration of Bregenz uses (as of 2011) a black and white outline of the coat of arms.
Whether this coat of arms is actually that of the old Counts of Bregenz is currently being questioned by researchers. It is likely to be an apocryphal , that is, a fake or fake coat of arms. The heraldist Otto Titan von Hefner writes: "The city of Bregenz received the coat of arms of the old Count of Bregenz by means of a letter of arms dated February 24, 1529: ain shields shaped like a fehwombleinkürschen and inside a white street, one after the other standing on top of each other by black hermlein Schwentzlin " .
Town twinning
-
Akko ( Israel ) -
Bangor ( Northern Ireland )
Personalities
Trivia
- The Emperor of Austria-Hungary also carried the title "Count of Bregenz" (see Grand Title of the Emperor of Austria ).
- The narrowest house facade in Europe is 57 cm wide in Bregenz Kirchstrasse No. 29 (also known as “the narrowest house”).
- The symbol of the city, the Martinsturm , is considered to be the largest onion dome in Central Europe.
- The game on the lake takes place annually on the world's largest floating stage (as of 2005).
- Some scenes from the James Bond film Quantum of Solace were partly filmed in Bregenz - but, unlike what is shown in the film, the city does not have an airport. However, from 1924 there was once an airport for seaplanes on the "Fischersteg" built in 1902 on the lake promenade. With these you could enjoy a sightseeing flight over the Bregenz Bay.
- A mummified shark hangs over the city gate , which is supposed to ward off evil from the city.
- Legends deal with the Ehreguta of Bregenz , the Bregenzerwald women in the Swedish War and other topics.
- Albrecht Dürer painted the picture Miraculous Rescue of a Drowned Boy from Bregenz .
- The Stadtmusik Bregenz - one of three Bregenz music associations - is the oldest music association in the city and one of the oldest in the country. The first mention of a "municipal music" goes back to a source in which the parish priest Liberat Steger describes the festive course of the Corpus Christi procession in 1801: "After the children and maidens came first, there was a military department with flags, pipes and drums, followed by the municipal department Music with their trumpets, timpani and wind instruments ".
literature
- Annemarie Bösch-Niederer: Bregenz. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-7001-3043-0 .
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): DEHIO manual. The art monuments of Austria: Vorarlberg. Bregenz. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7031-0585-2 .
- Hans Schlieper: Railway trajectories across the Rhine and Lake Constance . Alba Verlag, Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-87094-369-1 .
- Christoph Vallaster: honorary citizen of the Vorarlberg cities and market communities . 1986, ISBN 3-85258-001-3 .
Web links
- Website of the Bregenz city administration
- Entry on Bregenz in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- 80207 - Bregenz. Community data, Statistics Austria .
Individual evidence
- ↑ DEHIO manual. The art monuments of Austria: Vorarlberg. Bregenz. Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7031-0585-2 , pp. 55f.
- ↑ Data on Vorarlberg at vobs.at (accessed on November 20, 2020)
- ↑ Regionalinformation , bev.gv.at (1,094 kB); accessed on January 10, 2020.
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2021 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2021) , ( xlsx )
- ↑ New Molo opened in Bregenz. In: ORF. May 24, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2017 .
- ↑ Ten million euros for the expansion of the pipeline in Bregenz. In: Vorarlberg Online. October 15, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Register census 2011 Statistics Austria municipality table Vorarlberg
- ↑ Demographic data Statistics Austria
- ↑ Section after Manfred Niemeyer (Ed.): German book of local names. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, p. 89.
- ↑ Roman excavations recorded in city map orf.at, June 22, 2017, accessed on June 23, 2017.
- ^ Discovered the Roman theater in Bregenz. In: vorarlberg.ORF.at . January 6, 2021, accessed February 5, 2021 .
- ^ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages. Erlangen 1863, p. 308 ; see also pp. 973-975 .
- ↑ State capital Bregenz in figures ( Memento from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 47 kB)
- ↑ Barnay: “Invention of the Vorarlberger.” P. 144.
- ↑ Bregenz: Greens demand deserters monument . Article on Vorarlberg Online from September 23, 2011, accessed on November 15, 2015.
- ↑ Memorial for resistance: Bregenz starts competition . Article in the Neue Vorarlberger Tageszeitung from November 6, 2014, accessed on deserteursdenkmal.at on November 15, 2015.
- ↑ competition: design resistance memorial / -Denkmal ( Memento of 17 November 2015, Internet Archive ). Document from the City of Bregenz (2014), accessed on November 15, 2015.
- ↑ a b Resistance memorial unveiled in Bregenz . Article on vorarlberg.orf.at from November 14, 2015, accessed on November 14, 2015.
- ↑ Sobotka: Austrian SDG Award sets an important example for raising awareness about global sustainability goals , Parliamentary Correspondence No. 1162 of December 5, 2019, website of the Austrian Parliament.
- ↑ Bregenz Festival "would have liked to have had a little more visitors". In: Vorarlberg Online . Russmedia, August 16, 2012, accessed April 30, 2015 .
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: The Bregenz Festival - facts and figures ) (PDF file; 0.6 MB)
- ↑ The Great Wall of China in Lake Constance. In: Oberbayerisches Volksblatt. Oberbayerisches Volksblatt Medienhaus, April 16, 2015, accessed on May 4, 2015 .
- ↑ Christa Dietrich: Jazz instead of blues and art instead of drunkenness. In: Vorarlberger Nachrichten. Russmedia, May 14, 2013, accessed April 30, 2015 .
- ↑ Bregenz Spring , on bodensee-vorarlberg.com, accessed on June 3, 2015
- ↑ Brutality, brilliance or everything. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Vorarlberger Nachrichten. April 21, 2014, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved June 3, 2015 .
- ^ Postponed "Bregenz Spring" canceled , in the Wiener Zeitung of October 2, 2020, accessed on October 25, 2020
- ↑ Christina Porod: "Nataša Sienčnik designed the resistance memorial in Bregenz" . Article on Kulturzeitschrift.at from May 5, 2015, accessed on November 14, 2015.
- ↑ Vorarlberg climbing guide . Panico-Alpinverl., 2003, ISBN 978-3-926807-94-6 .
- ↑ EurosportRing: Bodensee Pokal. In: www.bodenseepokal.com. Retrieved May 17, 2016 .
- ↑ Bregenz Handball Homepage. Retrieved December 20, 2016 .
- ↑ The "Mili". In: Alexander Pohle: “99 x Lake Constance, as you don't know it yet.” Bruckmann Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7654-8303-5 . Pp. 186-187.
- ^ History of Mili Stadtwerke Bregenz
- ↑ History of Bregenz Beach
- ↑ Christoph Vallaster: "Kleines Vorarlberger Heilbäderbuch", p. 139.
- ↑ Flower Office Austria
- ↑ Presentation of the Bregenz office as part of the Red Cross website.
- ↑ Fire brigades ( memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the state capital Bregenz ( www.bregenz.gv.at )
- ↑ orf.at - private university starts operations in Bregenz . Article dated September 23, 2016, accessed September 23, 2016.
- ↑ New study center at Sigmund Freud Private University in Bregenz on Lake Constance . OTS bulletin of July 1, 2016, accessed on September 23, 2016.
- ↑ Homepage of the Bregenz city bus as part of the Bregenz municipal utilities website.
- ↑ Shipping on Lake Constance at hafen-bregenz.at, accessed on April 7, 2015
- ↑ State Capitals Rankings 2020. (PDF) Greenpeace, accessed on January 25, 2021 .
- ↑ Results of the municipal council elections since 1950, bregenz.gv.at (PDF) ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Sprengel results of Representatives election on 15 March 2015 (PDF) bregenz.gv.at ( Memento of 2 April 2015, Internet Archive )
- ↑ Sprengel results mayoral election on 15 March 2015 (PDF) bregenz.gv.at ( Memento of 23 September 2015, Internet Archive )
- ↑ In the 19th century the coat of arms was interpreted quite differently: "[...] because of the county of Bregenz four vertically standing piles of ermine, in the middle of which a silver bar with three black turnips embedded in the same." Austrian-Imperial-, also Royal-Apostolic Majesty, after the changes brought about by the Luneviller peace treaty and the Very Highest Pragmatical Ordinance of August 11th, 1804. Vienna, 1804. Quoted from Otto Posse: The seals of the German emperors and kings . tape 5 . Wilhelm and Bertha v. Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1913, supplements, p. 253 ( Wikisource ).
- ↑ Vorarlberger Landesregierung (Ed.): 96 municipal coats of arms - national emblem and civic pride. Vorarlberger Landesarchiv, Bregenz 2008, ISBN 978-3-902622-04-4 ( pdf , vorarlberg.at)
- ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner: Handbook of theoretical and practical heraldry. Heraldisches Institut, Munich 1861.
- ↑ Vorarlberg then and now. The fishing pier in Bregenz. Retrieved March 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Then & Now. Retrieved January 23, 2020 (German).
Bregenz | Eisenstadt | Graz | Innsbruck | Klagenfurt am Wörthersee | Linz | Salzburg | St. Pölten | Vienna
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