Bezau
|
market community Bezau
|
||
|---|---|---|
| coat of arms | Austria map | |
 |
|
|
| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Vorarlberg | |
| Political District : | Bregenz | |
| License plate : | B. | |
| Surface: | 34.41 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 23 ' N , 9 ° 54' E | |
| Height : | 650 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 1.997 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Population density : | 58 inhabitants per km² | |
| Postal code : | 6870 | |
| Area code : | 05514 | |
| Community code : | 8 02 04 | |
| NUTS region | AT341 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Place 375 6870 Bezau |
|
| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Gerhard Steurer (Bezauer list) | |
|
Local council : (2015) (18 members) |
||
| Location of Bezau in the Bregenz district | ||
  |
||
 Bezau, view from the Halde district |
||
| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Bezau is a market town in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg in the Bregenz district with 1997 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020).
The community is the capital of the Bregenzerwald and the seat of the district court .
Name derivation
The name " Bezau " (1248: Baezenouwe , later Baetzenow , Beznau , then Bezau ) is divided into two parts. The first part of the name " Bez " or " Baez " should be derived from bears , as in " Ber sbuch " . The second part of the name " au " has its roots in the alluvial forest .
Bezau would therefore be understood as the Bärenau .
geography
Bezau is located in the westernmost state of Austria, Vorarlberg, in the Bregenz district southeast of Lake Constance at 650 meters above sea level in a valley basin south of the Bezegg .
33.8% of the area is forested, 38.9% of the area is mountainous. The municipality extends from the Bregenz Ach to the municipality of Mittelberg .
The settlement area is located in the far west on the Bregenzer Ach and extends over about 7 km². There are no cadastral communities in Bezau.
Neighboring communities
Due to its very large municipality, the market town of Bezau borders on seven other Vorarlberg municipalities, which, like Bezau, are all in the political district of Bregenz, but are not included in the Bregenzerwald as a whole. The neighboring municipality of Mittelberg in Kleinwalsertal is not included in the Bregenzerwald region, but still belongs to the Bezau judicial district . In a clockwise direction, starting in the north, the communities of Andelsbuch , Egg , Mittelberg, Schoppernau , Au , Bizau and Reuthe are around Bezau . Bezau am Diedamskopf borders the municipality of Au over a length of only about 80 meters.
climate
|
Monthly averages for Bezau
Source: GMA climate data
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
history
Paleobiological analyzes in the Bezau “Grebauer Moos” indicate an early settlement of the area. Charcoal particles, which indicate clearing, have been detectable in Bezau since the Iron Age, rye pollen can be found from the late Iron Age, grain, walnut and sweet chestnut pollen characterize the Roman period. For the Middle Ages and modern times, a decline in tree pollen indicates increased settlement activity.
The beginnings of the documented permanent settlement of "Baezenowe" (first documented mention in 1249) go back to the 12th to 13th centuries AD. A chapel as a branch of Egg already existed in the 14th century. After the construction of a new church (1490–1494), in 1497 Bezau became an independent parish. In 1656 a Capuchin monastery was founded.
The Habsburgs ruled the places in Vorarlberg alternately from Tyrol and Upper Austria ( Freiburg im Breisgau ). From 1805 to 1814 the place belonged to Bavaria as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. Since 1806, as a result of the dissolution of the traditional state constitution by Bavaria and the establishment of the Bezau regional court, Bezau was the place of jurisdiction for the Bregenzerwald. In 1807 the Bezau district court was stormed by women from Krumbach who protested against their husbands and sons being drafted into the Bavarian army .
In 1850 the first post office for the rear Bregenzerwald was set up, in 1870 the road connection from Andelsbuch was completed and in 1902 the Bregenzerwaldbahn opened with Bezau as the terminus. Bezau has belonged to the Austrian state of Vorarlberg since the Vorarlberg Landtag was founded in 1861.
The place was part of the French occupation zone in Austria from 1945 to 1955. In 1962 the place was raised to a market town . In the seventies, the town center was redesigned and in 1976 the federal road was built as a bypass, thus relieving the traffic from through traffic. In 1980 the no longer competitive Bregenzerwaldbahn was discontinued.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the market town of Bezau shows a red shield, drawn through by a silver bar, which is covered with a natural, uprooted, discarded fir tree. In the original version, the shield is surrounded by an ornamented bronze-colored border. The uprooted fir was a symbol that used to lead almost all of the Bregenzerwald communities.
Population development
In 2008 the community had 1975 inhabitants, with the proportion of foreign citizens being 12 percent. This resident population of Bezau was distributed over 725 households in around 535 residential buildings.
politics
Bezau is a capital of the Bregenz Forest . The municipal council consists of 18 members, 16 of whom are from the Bezau List and 2 from the Enchanting Democrats. Gerhard Steurer from the Bezauer list has been mayor since the municipal council and mayoral election in 2015 .
Attractions
- Museum railway Bregenzerwaldbahn also called "Wälderbähnle"
- Heimat Museum : in a typical Bregenzerwald house from the 18th century
- The tower , a former Fronfeste in Bezau in the Bregenzerwald ( Vorarlberg , Austria )
Parish Church of St. Jodok:
The building was erected in the years 1907 and 1908 in the neo-renaissance style instead of the Gothic predecessor building from the 15th century according to plans by Albert Rimli and Seraphim Pümpel .
A retracted choir with a north-facing tower and south-facing sacristy adjoins the rectangular nave with transept. The base of the tower with a baroque helmet probably comes from the previous building. The facade is structured by a circumferential beam, pilasters and square-crowned arched windows. The west facade is two-storey and is characterized by a mannerist main portal with decorative figures and an outside staircase.
The round choir in the east is divided into five bays and a barrel-vaulted front bay. Three steps lead down to the nave , which is divided into five yokes by belts. The second yoke from the choir forms the transept . An organ gallery with a balustrade forms the western end .
The baroque high altar from the 17th century bears the Adoration of the Three Kings by Matthäus Zehender from 1684 as an altarpiece. The picture is framed by fluted half-columns and is very dark. It is best viewed in the afternoon sun. In the top of the main altar there is a niche of St. Jodok in a representation from 1908. Like the main altar, the side altars date from the 17th century, the figurative decorations were created during the time of the new building. The left side altar shows a Pietà , the right the Holy Family .
The wall paintings by Ludwig Götzle and Anton Marte from 1925 show Saint Jodok (choir vault), Vorarlberg saints ( stabbing caps and Vorjoch), the Good Samaritan, Abraham and Isaac, the sacrifice of Melchisedech, Moses and the water miracle (presbytery), the St. Cecilia, the Sermon on the Mount, the Pentecost miracle and Jesus as a child in the temple (nave).
- Leonhard Chapel in the district of Ellenbogen
- War memorial chapel on the Mount of Olives in the Greben district
- Sebastian chapel in the Oberbezau district
- Trinity Chapel in the Schönenbach district
- Bezeggsul (Bezegg pillar)
- The “Bezeggsul”, a neo-Gothic memorial column, was erected in 1871 on the summit of the Bezegg pass between Andelsbuch and Bezau by the Viennese cathedral builder and ring road architect Friedrich von Schmidt . It is reminiscent of the wooden town hall, which was located here until 1807 and served as a meeting place for the state of the rear Bregenzerwald.
- At that time the building stood on eight pillars and was only accessible through a trap door and a ladder. While the popularly elected councils were in session, the ladder was removed until resolutions were passed.
Natural monuments
- Grebauer Moos: In the district Greben located Grebauer Moss , a peat bog , which was drained unsuccessfully to 1960th Today efforts are being made to preserve the wetland. For this purpose, on behalf of the municipality, the flora was mapped, the soil structure described and agreements made with local farmers about the extensive use of the moss.
- Stonger Moos: Another raised bog with a species-rich biotope can be found near Sonderdach with the Stonger Moos .
- Cave park .
- Vorsäß Schönenbach : It was first mentioned in 1491. Embedded in the mountain landscape, it consists of over 25 houses and a chapel.
- Vorsäß Sonderdach: The Vorsäß 'Sonderdach' with mountain huts, a chapel and a wide view can be reached with a cable car.
Sports
The Niedere-Baumgarten-Sonderdach flight area is located in the local area and in the neighboring Andelsbuch . Due to favorable winds and good-natured thermals on the Bezau side of the flight area, the place has developed into a popular summer and winter destination for paragliders and hang-gliders .
Economy and Infrastructure
In 2003 there were 70 commercial enterprises with 357 employees and 53 apprentices on site. There were 805 employees subject to wage tax. Tourism and tourism play an important role. In the 2001/2002 tourism year there were a total of 113,997 overnight stays. The place is also strongly agricultural.
traffic
- The Bregenzerwaldbahn has been preserved as a museum train from Schwarzenberg .
- Bergbahnen Bezau to the "Sonderdach" and the "Baumgartenhöhe"
- There is a transfer hub in the Bregenzerwald regional bus system at Bezau train station .
Public facilities
The place is the seat of a district court and a notary's office , which are locally responsible for the majority of the communities in the Bregenzerwald and the Kleiner Walsertal.
education
Bezau has a kindergarten, compulsory schools ( elementary and middle school ) as well as higher vocational schools ( commercial school , commercial academy , technical school for economic professions and tourism, domestic vocational school). There are (as of January 2003) 759 pupils on site, 323 of them at higher vocational schools.
Personalities
- Peter Thumb (1681–1766), Rococo builder
- Franz Joseph Muxel (1745–1812), Bavarian court sculptor
- Johann Kaspar Ratz (1786–1860), politician and judge
- Jodok Friedrich Wilhelm (1797–1843), plasterer
- Jodocus Stülz (1799–1872), historian
- Andreas Fetz (1832–1899), member of the Reichsrat and Landtag, Mayor of Bregenz
- Oskar Natter (1898–1968), member of the state parliament
- Anna Franz (* 1953), member of the Austrian National Council
- Toni Innauer (* 1958), ski jumper and ski jumping trainer, Olympic champion in ski jumping
- Patrick Wirth (* 1971), ski racer
- Cornelia Meusburger (* 1972), ski racer
- Katja Wirth (* 1980), ski racer
- David Stadelmann (* 1982), Professor of Economics at the University of Bayreuth
- Elisabeth Kappaurer (* 1994), ski racer
literature
- Wilhelm Meusburger: Bezau - History - Society - Culture. Homeland book. Market town of Bezau, Bezau 1995, ISBN 3-85258-034-X .
Individual evidence
- ^ Josef Zehrer: Bersbuch, Bezau, Bizau. In: Montfort quarterly journal for the past and present of Vorarlberg. 35th year, 1983, issue 2, p. 184 f. ( anno.onb.ac.at ).
- ↑ Cornelia Albertani, Ulrich Nachbaur: Vorarlberg municipal coat of arms registry . Ed .: Vorarlberger Landesarchiv. 3. Edition. Bregenz 2011, ISBN 978-3-902622-17-4 ( vorarlberg.at [PDF]).
- ↑ Information on population distribution from the official website ( memento of the original from January 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the market town of Bezau.
- ↑ Table of contents ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on the website of the market town of Bezau, accessed on July 22, 2012
Web links
- 80204 - Bezau. Community data, Statistics Austria .
Alberschwende | Andelsbuch | Au | Bezau | Bildstein | Bizau | Bregenz | Book | Damüls | Doren | Egg | Eichenberg | Fußach | Gaissau | Hard | Hittisau | Highest | Hohenweiler | Hörbranz | Kennelbach | Krumbach | Langen near Bregenz | Langenegg | Lauterach | Lingenau | Lochau | Mellau | Mittelberg | Möggers | Reuthe | Riefensberg | Schnepfau | Schoppernau | Schröcken | Schwarzach | Schwarzenberg | Sibratsgfall | Sulzberg | Warth | Wolfurt