Jodok (saint)

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St. Jodokus hands over his crown to the baby Jesus (Mother of God between St. Jodok and John the Baptist, Holland, around 1490, Bavarian National Museum Munich; Inv. No. MA 1793)
St. Jodokus, half-length portrait (around 1889) by Moriz Schlachter , St. Christina parish church, Ravensburg
Meister von Meßkirch , Saint Jodokus, side wing of one of the former side altars of the Church of St. Martin in Meßkirch

Jodok (also Jodocus, Jodokus, Judochus, Jobst, Jost, Joost, Joos, Josse, Joist, Yuzek, Juzeg, Jeg, Jouveen, Judganoc and others) was a monastery founder, hermit and pilgrim who lived in what is now northern France in the 7th century . Jodok is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.

Life

Jodok was born around 600/610 as a scion of a princely family allegedly in Gaël in Brittany; the Vita, written about two hundred years later, describes him as the son of the Breton king Juthaël. Jodok is said to have renounced his secular claim to rule around 640 and initially became a priest in the service of Haymon, Duke of Ponthieu. For eight years he lived as a hermit in Brahic , from 652 he was a priest in Runiac in Picardy for 13 years . In 665 he founded a hermitage in Runiac, the nucleus of the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Josse-sur-Mer , which was later named after him . Jodok is said to have made a pilgrimage to Rome in later years . After his return home he lived as a hermit a. a. in Runiac. Jodok died around 670 (the year 669 is usually mentioned, but also 668 and 675).

Adoration

Shortly after 800, his life is reported in anonymous writings. The oldest, anonymous vita (biography) is preserved in two manuscripts ( Rouen U 26, U 32).

The veneration of St. Jodok came to German-speaking areas early on through prayer brotherhoods of the Benedictines , for example to the Trier Benedictine monastery of St. Maximin (worshiped in the 9th century), the Prüm monastery (documented in Wandalbert's martyrdom , which ended in 848/849 ) and to Walberberg .

The remains of Jodok are said to have reached England in the early 9th century, at any rate many decades later they were allegedly found again in Hyde Abbey (now part of Winchester ) and transferred to Saint-Josse-sur-Mer on July 25, 977. This made Saint-Josse a place of pilgrimage, which was used until the 12./13. Century became one of the most important European pilgrimage destinations. The pilgrimage is mentioned in the epic Renner by Hugo von Trimberg , written in 1296-1313 . Also in the appendix to the most popular medieval folk book, the Legenda aurea written by Jacobus de Voragine at the end of the 13th century , the biography of St. Jodok.

Similar to James the Elder or Nicholas of Myra , Jodok is considered the patron saint of pilgrims, travelers and boatmen, and like Rochus , he is considered a helper against fever and plague. He is also mentioned as the patron saint of bakers, the blind and the sick. Along the pilgrimage routes, churches, chapels and especially often hospitals were consecrated in the name of St. Jodok.

Several places ( St. Jobst , St. Jost, St. Jodok, Jobs, Jostberg) bear his name (→ see also the article on the first name Jodok ). The coat of arms of the municipality of Immenstaad on Lake Constance , in which there is a Jodok Church , combines the attributes of St. Jodok with a scallop shell , pilgrim staff and crown. The replica of a historical Lädine (barge) located in Immenstaad also bears the name of the skipper and local patron St. Jodok.

In the moor between Odisheim and Stinstedt (Lower Saxony) there was a St. Joost chapel until the Reformation , which was visited by pilgrims from large parts of Northern Europe. That is why the community of Stinstedt has included Saint Jodok in its coat of arms.

The pilgrimage to St. Jost near Langenfeld (Eifel) is still alive. In Tännesberg (Upper Palatinate), since a vow made in 1796, an equestrian procession , the Sankt-Jodok-Ritt , has been celebrated annually on the fourth Sunday in July , the second largest horse pilgrimage in Bavaria.

In the Montafon , St. Jodokus is the patron saint of the Schruns Minster . On the 3rd Sunday in Advent Gaudete , the "silvery Sunday" (silver Sunday) of the patronage is celebrated there, at which the large market is opened on the church square after the festive service. Relics of St. Jodok are in the shrine under the high altar of the parish church.

The feast day of St. Jodok is December 13th .

→ See also: Jodokuskirche

Jodok as a motif of art

Jodok is depicted in art as a hermit, priest, or pilgrim. A crown at his feet almost always indicates the prince's renunciation of power. In some depictions Jodok pushes the crown into the earth with a stick, from which a spring rises.

Anton Bruckner wrote in 1855 a Jodoks cantata "St. Jodok, offspring from a noble line ” .

heraldry

literature

Web links

Commons : St. Jodok  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Jodok
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Iodocus; Jodokus; Judochus; Jobst; Jost; Joost; Josse; Joist; Joyce; Yuzek; Juzeg; Jeg; Jouveen; Judganoc
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Breton hermit and monastery founder
DATE OF BIRTH around 600
PLACE OF BIRTH Gaël
DATE OF DEATH around 670