Moriz butcher
Moriz Richard Schlachter (born March 18, 1852 in Ravensburg ; † August 13, 1931 in Ravensburg) was a German wood sculptor and church decorator who was mainly active in southern Upper Swabia and in Vorarlberg.
Life
Schlachter grew up in the Ravensburg suburb of Schornreute as the son of a weaver and later landlord. He did an apprenticeship with Theodor Schnell the Elder. Ä. who had already made Ravensburg known as a location for church art with its workshop founded in 1863. After his apprenticeship, Schlachter studied from October 14, 1875 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich . In 1883 he registered a sculpture studio as a trade in Munich, but returned to Ravensburg that same year after the death of his brother. There he initially worked for a few years in their beer business as a host.
In 1888 he married and founded a "Atelier for Christian Art" in Ravensburg. His first major commission was to furnish the parish church of St. Christina in Ravensburg. The local pastor Heinrich Detzel was impressed by Schlachter's work and was influential beyond Ravensburg as chairman of the Art Association of the Diocese of Rottenburg (from 1894) and editor of the “Archive for Christian Art”. In 1890 members of this art association visited St. Christina, which Schlachter quickly made nationally known. Also in 1890 he moved into his own studio building in Krummen Gasse in Ravensburg. As a result, he created many altars and other works from all areas of Christian sculpture for churches in Upper Swabia, in the rest of Württemberg and in Vorarlberg (Austria).
Around 1897, Schlachter's workshop, in collaboration with the Ravensburg Atelier Schnell and the Christian painter Gebhard Fugel, who came from Oberzell near Ravensburg, furnished the Church of Our Lady in Ravensburg, which was rebuilt in a neo-Gothic style by Joseph Cades from 1891 . Schlachter made the high altar according to a design by Cades and two side altars.
From 1906 to 1920 Schlachter was a member of the Ravensburg City Council for the Catholic Center Party .
His business ran from around 1910 in view of the lack of demand from the parishes and the ever-increasing competition from, among others, Schnell's son Theodor Schnell the Elder. J. and the Vorarlberg altar maker Fidelis Rudhart rather sluggish. The last work he created in 1915 was the Christmas crib of the Ravensburger Liebfrauenkirche and executed a monumental neo-baroque altar for the parish church in Ehingen before retiring.
Schlachter's workshop was initially continued by his two sons, a master sculptor and a master painter. However, artistic work could no longer be carried out economically successfully since the 1920s, and the workshop became more and more a pure craft business.
In 1931 Moriz Schlachter died at the age of 79 after a brief illness.
plant
Schlachter's work includes altars, pulpits, reliefs, groups of mounts of olives, tombs and many individual figures.
Schlachter's work shows all of the major styles of historicism . Altars in the Neo-Renaissance style are particularly common, often replacing altars from the Baroque style , which was initially completely out of fashion in the 19th century. Schlachter only resorted to the otherwise predominant neo-Gothic style for furnishing Gothic and neo-Gothic churches. Works of neo-Romanesque and - in the late work - neo- baroque can also be found in his work.
In almost all of his works Schlachter stayed true to a conservative, strictly historical style. He was much more attached to historical models than his competitor Schnell d. J., who from around 1900 incorporated elements of Art Nouveau through to Expressionism in his formal language and thus created his very own style.
reception
When, since the 1920s - but above all in the 1950s to 1970s - in Upper Swabia, as in all of Germany, items of historicism were carelessly disposed of as completely worthless during church renovations, many of butcher's altars were destroyed without need and often not even photographed beforehand. However, some of butcher's works have been preserved in his hometown of Ravensburg and the surrounding area, and especially in Vorarlberg.
It was not until the 1990s that the historicist art of wood carving, and thus also the work of the Ravensburger Werkstätten Schnell and Schlachter, was increasingly reassessed and its artistic value recognized. In several magazine and newspaper articles, the historian Ralf Reiter dealt with butcher's work. In view of the new awareness of the historical preservation value of the historicist church furnishings , the preservation of butcher's remaining works can be regarded as secure today.
Works
- Altars, choir stalls, communion bench, sculptures, pulpit. Parish church St. Christina, Ravensburg 1889 (1958 largely removed, remnants of the pulpit removed approx. 1990, including reliefs of St. Peter, St. Norbert, St. Jodokus and the former altar figure of St. Christina still present)
- Altars, furnishings. Parish Church of St. Gangolf, Wolpertswende , 1891 (preserved)
- Altars, furnishings. Parish Church of Our Lady, Mariabrunn near Eriskirch , 1892 (replaced in 1955)
- Pulpit with evangelists and figure of Christ. Parish church Egg in Vorarlberg, 1893 (preserved)
- Side altars. Parish Church, Riezlern , 1894 (preserved)
- Furnishing. Parish Church of St. Nikolaus, Berg near Friedrichshafen , 1894–1897 (broken off in 1970, figures preserved)
- Pulpit. Parish Church of Silbertal , St. Nikolaus, Silbertal , 1895 (preserved)
- Church fathers. (four life-size statues) and Sacred Heart statue. Parish Church of St. Jodok, Schruns , 1896
- High altar, side altars, furnishings. Parish Church of St. Walburga and Ottilie, Gornhofen near Ravensburg, from 1896 (removed in 1967)
- High altar with crucifixion group. St. Vitus, Fischbach , 1897 (preserved)
- Execution of the high altar. (based on a design by Joseph Cades ); Liebfrauenkirche, Ravensburg, 1897 (removed in 1958)
- Side altars. for a new chapel; Liebfrauenkirche, Ravensburg, 1897 (removed in 1958)
- High altar. (with figures by Franz Schmalzl ); Parish Church of St. Georg, Lauterach , 1898 (preserved)
- Altar of grace. Parish Church of Our Lady, Tschagguns , 1901 (replaced in 1958)
- Mount of Olives Group (stone relief). South portal, parish church St. Jodok, Ravensburg, 1904 (preserved)
- High altar. Curate Church of St. Maria Magdalena in Gargellen , 1906 (preserved)
- High altar and side altars. Parish Church of St. Sebastian, Schwarzach , 1906 (preserved)
- Side altars. Parish Church of St. Jodok, Schruns , 1910 (preserved)
- Way of the Cross frame. Parish Church of St. Sebastian, Schwarzach , 1911 (preserved)
- Christmas crib. Liebfrauenkirche, Ravensburg, 1915 (preserved, installed there annually at Christmas time)
- High altar. (based on a design by Fritz Fuchsenberger ); City parish church St. Blasius, Ehingen (preserved)
- Mother of God. (1886), Mount of Olives Group. (1898), Ecce Homo. (1905); Place of worship at Föhrenbühl, Horgenzell -Wolketsweiler (preserved, restored 1991–1993)
- Copy of the crucifixion group. of the 17th century at the cross fountain; Ravensburg (preserved)
- Tombs. Main cemetery, Ravensburg (preserved)
- Christmas crib, parish and pilgrimage church Reute, around 1900 (partially preserved)
- 14 Stations of the Cross framing. (1889) Portraits of M. Jacob from Ravensburg, parish and pilgrimage church of St. Peter and Paul, Reute
literature
- Tobias Hafner : Two new pieces of jewelery from the Liebfrauenkirche in Ravensburg. 1. The new nativity scene. 2. The chandelier . In: Archive for Christian Art , 34th year 1916, pp. 50–53 ( digitized version )
- Bruno Müller: Sacred art around 1900 in the Lake Constance area. For the 150th birthday of the Ravensburg sculptor Moriz Schlachter . Society for History and Homeland Care Ailingen-Berg, Friedrichshafen 2002
- Ralf Reiter: "... well known far beyond the borders of the home country ..." For the 150th birthday of the Ravensburg sculptor Moriz Schlachter. In: In the Oberland. 13th year 2002, issue 1, pp. 34–42.
- Ralf Reiter: The Ölberg Group from Wolketsweiler / Horgenzell. In: Sacred gems from the Ravensburg district. (= Kleinode; Issue 6) Kreissparkasse Ravensburg, Ravensburg 1999, ISBN 3-924814-13-9 , pp. 62–63.
- Ralf Reiter: Ravensburg as a center of church art production in historicism, art nouveau and the beginning modern. The sculptors Theodor Schnell d. Ä., Theodor Schnell d. J. and Moriz Schlachter . In: Ulm and Upper Swabia. Magazine for history, art and culture . Vol. 58 (2013), ISBN 978-3-7995-8048-9 , pp. 387–437 (with catalog raisonné)
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Butcher, Moriz |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schlachter, Moriz Richard (full name); Schlachter, Moritz Ernst (according to the registry of the AdBK Munich) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor and church decorator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 18, 1852 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ravensburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 13, 1931 |
| Place of death | Ravensburg |