Commercial school
A commercial school or business school is a vocational school type for commercial professions ( commercial trade ), whereby the training courses known as commercial schools in Germany and Austria differ greatly.
Germany
The first German commercial school ("Kaufmannsschule") was founded in 1767 (according to another source, 1768) in Hamburg as a "Handelsakademie" for "thorough preparation of commercial youth". In 1818 Ernst-Wilhelm Arnoldi , insurance salesman and "father of the German insurance industry" founded a business school in Gotha .
The commercial school is a secondary vocational school that can be completed in two years or in one year. This leads to the middle school leaving certificate or the extended secondary qualification I. The commercial school serves to prepare for commercial or administrative professions. In addition to general education subjects, job-related subjects such as procurement / production / sales ( business administration ), accounting / financing / controlling , economics , word processing and computer science are taught. The names of the school subjects and their teaching content are sometimes very different in the individual federal states. Most of the time, however, the subjects are called learning fields that are numbered consecutively. For admission to a commercial school, the secondary school or secondary school certificate is required (depending on whether you want to attend the one-year or two-year commercial school). Depending on the federal state, a certain grade point average may also be required.
Downstream of the German commercial school is the higher commercial school .
Austria (HAS / BHAS)
The Austrian commercial school (abbreviation HAS, pronounced [ ˈhaʃ ]) is a vocational middle school (BMS) with a focus on business subjects. The state commercial schools, which are federal schools, are usually each connected to a commercial academy (HAK) and are organizationally and spatially combined with it (hence the abbreviation BHAK / BHAS for Federal Commercial Academy / Federal Commercial School ).
The training for the generally 14 to 17 year old students (there is also a form of part-time evening school for adults) lasts three years and ends with a final examination (both written and oral exams). Furthermore, the completion and presentation of a project work is necessary (this can be a group or individual work. It can happen that an initial group work becomes an individual work if the other group members leave the school before graduation usually adapted to the size of the group.) The qualification entitles the holder to practice all commercial professions and replaces the entrepreneurship examination (a trade license ).
The commercial school (HAS), which concludes with a final examination certificate after 3 years of school attendance, provides comprehensive general and commercial training in an integrated form. A business management-job-related differentiation takes place through the department "Office Management", which is taught in the 2nd and 3rd grade and offers an in-depth specialization.
curriculum
Subjects taught at HAS: German, English including business language, history (economic and social history), geography (economic geography), biology, ecology and merchandise theory , business administration, personality development and social skills, business training, project and quality management, practice firm and case studies , accounting and controlling , Business informatics, information and office management (includes e.g. word processing - ÖSTV exam possible, ten-finger system ), political education and law, economics, project management including project work , religion or ethics, training focus (is chosen by the school, e.g. Business management, entrepreneurship). In addition, optional subjects can also be taken (often languages such as French including business language, Spanish including business language, Italian including business language, Latin, Russian, Czech, Internet & Multimedia, SAP , ECDL , peer mediation , horse management, scientific work, sport, network technology, web design for Beginners, digital photography and image editing).
See also
literature
Germany:
- Michael Begeest: Education between Commerz and emancipation. Waxmann Verlag, Münster / New York 1995
- Lothar Beinke: The business school. Düsseldorf 1971
- Franz Feldhaus: Lexicon of Inventions. DOGMA Verlag, Bremen 2013
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Begeest: formation between Commerz and emancipation. 1995, Waxmann Verlag
- ↑ Handelsschule ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. HAK / HAS Vöcklabruck
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.ostv.at/
- ↑ http://www.bhakwien10.at/?content=type_HAS_projekte
- ↑ http://www.hakmistelbach.ac.at/ausbildung/freigegenstaende.asp#im
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated December 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
