Neo-renaissance

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Vienna State Opera around 1900

Neo-renaissance (from ancient Greek νέος néos , German 'new' ) or neo-renaissance is a direction of historicism in the 19th century, in which the architecture of the Renaissance is used. Depending on the individual case, the forms come primarily from the repertoire of the Italian Renaissance or mainly from the German Renaissance or Nordic Renaissance of the 16th century.

description

From 1830 onwards, the prevailing classical style was gradually replaced by neo-Gothic and neo-Renaissance. Since the architecture of the Neo-Renaissance is in principle based on the same ancient formal language as Classicism , the dividing line between the two styles cannot always be clearly drawn. The first neo-Renaissance buildings in England are the Travelers Club (1829) and the Reform Club (1837) by Charles Barry (in London), in Germany Klenzes Palais Leuchtenberg from 1821 and the royal building of the Munich Residence . In France, even the architecture of Napoleon I's time is partly based on Renaissance models. The style prevailed under the "citizen king" Louis-Philippe I (from 1830) in the restoration and interior decoration of various castles. The French version of the Renaissance since King Francis I is used as a model. This is how national branches of the Neo-Renaissance emerge, which imitate the country's own style variants, such as the "German Renaissance" or the architecture of Tudor England in the New Tudor style . Other architects such as Gottfried Semper cling more closely to the example of the Italian Renaissance.

The Neo-Renaissance had its greatest impact between 1870 and 1885, when its forms were considered exemplary in strict historicism . This replaced romantic historicism , in which the subjective interpretation of the architect determined the style of the building. Their forms were propagated by Gottfried Semper and Hermann Nicolai ( Semper Nicolai School ), by Rudolf Eitelberger , the founder of the Vienna School of Applied Arts , and by other important architects of the time. In Vienna in particular, entire streets are designed in neo-Renaissance designs, not least on Vienna's Ringstrasse .

After the allocation of certain styles for certain building tasks, which is customary in historicism, the neo-renaissance was primarily intended for banks, town houses and educational institutions. As with the Neo-Gothic, some structures from the Renaissance were added, for example the addition of the lavish facade of St. Michael in Aachen .

At about the same time, the neo-baroque developed , which from 1885 began to replace the hegemony of the neo-renaissance. The neo-renaissance also found expression in interiors, in church furnishings and in furniture construction . It ended - with a few exceptions for furniture - around 1900.

European examples

Examples overseas

See also

literature

  • Kurt Milde: Neo-Renaissance in 19th Century German Architecture. Basics, essence and validity . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1981.
  • Daniela Biffar: Neo-Renaissance jewels. The jewelery manufacturer Hermann Bauer (1833–1919) . Edition Hatje, Ostfildern-Ruit 1996, ISBN 3-7757-0638-0 .
  • Walter Krause (Ed.): Neorenaissance. Demands on a style . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-929744-03-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The breakdown into the style phases Romantic Historicism - Strict Historicism - Late Historicism goes back to the Austrian art historian Renate Wagner-Rieger .

Web links

Commons : Neo-Renaissance  - collection of images