Voldagsen manor

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Voldagsen manor - castle and castle meadow with part of the floodplain

The Voldagsen manor is an agricultural building complex with a Neo-Renaissance style castle and an extensive park. It is located in the Marienau district of the Coppenbrügge municipality ( Hameln-Pyrmont district ) in southern Lower Saxony . An enfeoffment of the manor by the Counts of Spiegelberg was first mentioned in a document around 1350. During its feudal history, the Voldagsen manor was owned by the Münchhausen family for over 200 years until 1878 . From 1945 to 1955, the Erwin Bauer Institute was located here , a research center of the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society , today's Max Planck Society . From 1956 to 1996 a training center of the Federal Association for Self-Protection was housed in the castle . Today the manor is again in private ownership and is used as a venue for weddings and events. The entire ensemble with the castle, farm buildings, lake and park is a listed building .

Geographical location and transport links

Voldagsen historic train station from 1896

Voldagsen is located in the eastern Weser Uplands of southern Lower Saxony in the middle of the valley between the Osterwald ridge and the northern end of the Ith . The manor itself is located at a height of 131 m above sea level. 18 km east of Hameln and 20 km south of Springe and Bad Münder am Deister . The Aue , an approximately 9 km long river, which also supplies the lake belonging to the park and flows into the Saale at Benstorf -Quanthof, flows over part of the property .

To the south, not far from Voldagsen, is the federal road 1 , which leads in a westerly direction via Coppenbrügge to Hameln and in an easterly direction via Elze to Hildesheim . Voldagsen has its own train station, which is part of the Elze-Löhne railway line and the Weser Railway . This means that Voldagsen can be reached every hour by train from both Hanover and Hildesheim. This section of the route is currently being used by the NordWestBahn . From 1896 to 1967 there was a branch in Voldagsen to the Voldagsen-Duingen-Delligsen small railway. After the closure, the tracks were dismantled just a year later, with the exception of a remnant piece to Salzhemmendorf, which is still used in freight traffic today. Voldagsen is part of the Ith loop , a cycle path that was opened in 2012. The Kansteinweg , an approximately 83 km long hiking route from Hanover to Alfeld , also leads past the Voldagsen manor .

history

The place name Voldagsen goes back to a man called "Volktag" who was enfeoffed with the estate. A -hausen in the shortened form -sen is attached to this as the basic word . This comes from the Old Norse word hus , which denotes a permanent residence built on with a house. In the Middle Ages, Voldagsen was also spelled Voldaghausen and Voldagessen . Designations with F instead of V, such as Foldagusheim , Foldaghusen and Foldagsen, are also detectable .

In its history, the Voldagsen manor belonged to various feudal lords and was inherited several times. Voldagsen first belonged to the County of Spiegelberg, which was created under Count Moritz I von Spiegelberg in 1281 with the main town of Coppenbrügge and the headquarters at Castle Coppenbrügge . When Count Philipp von Spiegelberg and Pyrmont, the last male descendant, fell in the battle of Saint-Quentin in 1557 , the county in the female line was inherited to a branch line of the House of Lippe , subject to the sovereignty of the Duchy of Braunschweig and the principality of Calenberg belonging to it . When Count Simon von der Lippe died in 1583, the inheritance passed to the Counts of Gleichen . With the death of Count Hans Johann Ludwig von Gleichen-Tonna in 1631, this male line of counts also died out and the Spiegelberg fiefs went to Nassau-Diez . From 1702 Nassau-Diez belonged to the Royal House of Orange , which is still the ruling royal house of the Netherlands today . It was not until 1819 that they sold the Spiegelberg County to the Kingdom of Hanover , which was annexed to Prussia in 1866 as the Province of Hanover .

  • Depiction of the coat of arms of the Counts von Spiegelberg from 1507 at Coppenbrügge Castle

  • Family coat of arms of the Counts von Spiegelberg from Siebmacher's coat of arms book .

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Gleichen from 1605 with the Spiegelberg stag

  • Coat of arms of the House of Nassau-Diez with the Spiegelberg stag.

Bock of Nordholz (1350-1628)

Coat of arms of the buck

The first documented loan takers from Voldagsen were the Bock von Oldendorf, a branch line of the Bock von Wülfingen . The Bock von Oldendorf were castle men in the service of the noble lords of Homburg at their ancestral seat, the Homburg near Stadtoldendorf . Through many years of loyal service to various feudal lords, the Bock von Oldendorf were able to further expand their feudal holdings in the region. Around 1285 they set up their own ancestral seat south of Marienau on the slope of the Ith with the Nordholz Castle . From 1286 onwards they were mentioned as Bock von Nordholz in a document from the Homburgers.

Around 1350 they appear as feudal takers from Voldagsen in a deed from the Counts of Spiegelberg. At that time Voldagsen still consisted of two separate Meierhöfe , which were later expanded to saddle farms . During the Hildesheim collegiate feud , Nordholz Castle was destroyed in 1521 and had to be evacuated. The Bock von Nordholz now chose Voldagsen as their new headquarters. During this time the upper house (today's castle) was converted into a moated castle.

Until 1628 the Bock von Nordholz were able to keep the Voldags fiefdom as their ancestral seat and their possessions in the region. These reached from Lauenstein to Lechstedt east of Hildesheim. The Bock von Nordholz family coat of arms can still be seen on one of the farm buildings on the inner courtyard side. With the death of Christoph Dietrich Bock von Nordholz in 1628, the male line ended.

Takeover by von Münchhausen (1628–1878)

Munchausen coat of arms

The Bock von Nordholz and the aristocratic Münchhausen family had been in contact with one another since 1517. From 1517 to 1521 they jointly owned the Aerzen Castle . When it became clear that the last two male members of the Bock von Nordholz family would probably no longer have any male descendants, Hilmar the Younger von Münchhausen acquired a claim to the Voldags fief from the Counts of Gleichen and zu Spiegelberg as early as Easter 1613 for 2000 thalers .

Christoph Dietrich Bock von Nordholz had two sisters who lived on Gut Voldagsen. In a letter dated June 21, 1619, he had obtained a treasure trove for his sisters from the Brunswick Duke Friedrich Ulrich , who was the supreme liege lord of Voldagsen at the time. This meant that they were entitled to stay there even if the fiefdom changes to a new owner. In addition, there were disputes about who was responsible for reallocating the fief and debts that Christoph Dietrich Bock von Nordholz had left his sisters with. This led to the fact that the Münchhausen manor Voldagsen was only awarded in 1655 after a long court dispute through a settlement.

Coats of arms of Johann von Münchhausen and his first wife Wilhelmine Osterheld von der Wense, 1665

In an inheritance comparison with his brothers, Johann von Münchhausen (* June 24, 1629 in Rinteln ; † December 8, 1714 in Germsee) received Voldagsen and moved into the manor in 1657. He rebuilt the manor, which had been fallow since 1628 and was in in very poor condition. The coats of arms of Johann von Münchhausen and his first wife Wilhelmine Osterheld von der Wense are dated to 1665 and mark the completion of the rebuilding of the estate.

Johann von Münchhausen had a chapel built next to the castle, which was completed in 1661. Johann von Münchhausen had a total of 10 children from three marriages. Between 1661 and 1722, his sons Johann († 1661), Börries Wilhelm († 14 May 1697) and Johann Friedrich († 9 October 1722), his daughter Albertina († 10 March 1697), and his first wife Wilhelmine Osterheld von der Wense († July 10, 1676) buried. The exact location of the chapel can no longer be determined today.

A few generations later, Otto Friedrich Julius von Münchhausen (born April 28, 1754 in Schwöbber ; † April 2, 1828 in Schwöbber) began to convert the Voldagsen estate into its current form. The construction work was completed by his son August Friedrich Gottlob Freiherr von Münchhausen (born May 21, 1798 in Schwöbber; † March 3, 1861 in Schwöbber) in November 1838. He also built today's castle. Two memorial plaques, which were embedded in the outer wall of the farm buildings, still remind of the start of construction and completion.

State Friedrich Burghard von Münchhausen (born June 16, 1840 in Voldagsen, † March 21, 1907 in Hilkenreden near Aerzen) was able to achieve the allodification of the manor through a recess in 1873 . Rittergut Voldagsen became the property of von Münchhausen. In 1875 he sold part of the land to the Hanover-Altenbekener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , which set up the Voldagsen train station there. In 1877, Staats von Münchhausen built the steam brick Neu Friedrichs Hütte directly on the railway tracks in what is now Bertramstrasse in Marienau . At that time, the Voldagsen manor also included a quarry south of Marienau, in which dolomite stones were worked. In 1878 more than 100 workers were employed in the processing. Staats von Münchhausen had received an award for the quality of these stones at the Hanover Provincial Exhibition in 1878. The platforms of Northeim station and Hanover main station were built from this. Both stations were destroyed in air raids in 1945 and 1943 respectively during World War II, so that nothing can be seen of them today.

Despite the family's large possessions, Staats von Münchhausen had to file for bankruptcy in 1878 and the Voldagsen manor came under forced administration. In 1880 the manor was forcibly auctioned off to the reindeer Fritz König from Bonn .

Conversion of the manor by Fritz and Alfred König (1880–1914)

Voldagsen manor - Eastern farm building with clock tower

From 1882 Fritz König had large parts of the buildings on the manor extended and rebuilt. In order to obtain building material, he had the steam brick building and some barns demolished as early as 1881 by Staats von Münchhausen. The eastern farm buildings, consisting of barns, administrators 'house and servants' quarters, were completely rebuilt. A clock tower was put on top of the barn building. A big change concerned the castle, which was extended by a complete second floor and a new terrace on the back facing the castle meadow. All buildings were provided with a lightning rod system, which still exists today. For the outer cladding of the renovations and new buildings, dolomite stones were used, which come from the company's own quarry. The Munchausen had already used this for the construction of the castle and the farm buildings, so that a uniform building character was retained.

Fritz König had transferred the management of the Voldagsen manor to his son Alfred König at an early stage, who supervised the operation of the farm yard and the renovation work. In April 1894 he had completely ceded the ownership of the Voldagsen manor to his son. In 1891, Alfred König commissioned the then internationally known horticultural engineer Rudolph Jürgens to redesign the gardens. He had previously re-laid the garden of his villa in Bonn (today's Villa Hammerschmidt ) for his brother Leopold König from 1888 , which he sold to Rudolf Hammerschmidt in 1889 . Rudolph Jürgens planned the castle park in Voldagsen from scratch. A lot of earth was dug to expand the lake to its present size. A weir was built to regulate the water level in the lake. The course of the graves still corresponds to the designs by Jürgens.

Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research (1945–1955)

From 1945 the castle, the forestry department and part of the land belonging to the Voldagsen manor were leased by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. The Institute for Breeding Research founded by Erwin Baur in Müncheberg in 1929 moved here . Under the direction of Wilhelm Rudorf , breeding trials on various crops such as potatoes, berries, tree fruits, vegetables and fodder plants were carried out in Voldagsen . In 1948 the Kaiser Wilhelm Society was dissolved and the individual institutes incorporated into the newly founded Max Planck Society. The work in Voldagsen was continued under the new name of the Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research . Many new breeds of useful plants emerged from this time. Breeding material with improved breeding properties was also passed on to private plant breeders. However, since the climatic conditions in Voldagsen were not ideal for breeding research and the space available for sowing was no longer sufficient after 10 years, the institute was relocated to Cologne in 1955.

Federal Association for Self-Protection (1955–1996)

In 1955 the Federal Air Protection Association (BLSV) rented the estate for 10 years in order to set up the Lower Saxony State School. Rittergut Voldagsen was thus one of a total of five state schools in the old federal territory and started operations in 1956. Training rooms were located in the castle. Exercise courses were held in the palace gardens and on the rest of the grounds. The aim of the association, which was renamed the Federal Association for Self-Defense (BVS) in 1961, was to provide the public with comprehensive information on civil protection and disaster control. In particular, courses on assistance in the event of household, traffic and work accidents were carried out. Even before the lease expired, the Federal Association for Self-Protection bought the entire property in 1963. BVS used the Voldagsen manor for courses until 1996. In 1997 the BVS was dissolved. Today its tasks are carried out by the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief .

Todays use

Voldagsen Manor - Hofcafé

The manor is privately owned by the Schäffer family from Hanover. After extensive conversion and renovation work, the manor is used to host weddings.

Others

Voldagsen manor - sundial on the Herrenwiese, around 1700
  • The storyteller Hieronymus Carl Friedrich von Münchhausen , who became famous under the name “Baron of Lies”, is a great-grandson of Johann von Münchhausen, the first Münchhausen to move into the Voldagsen manor in 1657.
  • There is a rare multi-faceted sundial on the castle meadow of the manor . It is a 26-sided polyhedron. The sundial was made around 1700. Who commissioned these and who made them is no longer traceable. In 1971 the clock was extensively restored and realigned in cooperation with the Astronomical Institute of the then TU Hannover . When calculating and aligning the newly created shadow bars, it was found that the clock shows the local solar time of Voldagsen, i.e. that it was specially made for the manor.

literature

  • Daniel Eberhard Baring: Description of the hall in the office Lauenstein of the Braunschweig-Lüneb. Principality of Calenberg and all springs and brooks flowing into it. JH Meyer, Lemgo 1744, ISBN 1247556190 .
  • Ernst Bertram : The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968, reproduced as a manuscript. Self-published, Hanover around 1970.
  • Ernst Bertram: Restoration of a sundial and various spoils on the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz. In: Hans-Herbert Möller (Ed.): Lower Saxony Monument Preservation. 1972-1975. Volume August 8, Lax Verlag, Hildesheim 1976, ISBN 3-7848-4048-5 , pp. 171-175.
  • Frick, Ute; Albert, Jost: Gutspark Voldagsen (near Coppenbrügge, Lower Saxony) , project work at the Institute for Green Planning and Garden Architecture at the University of Hanover, Hanover, 1990.

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 1.
  2. ↑ Ith loop. ( PDF , 2.1 MiB) The bike tour between Ith, Thüster Berg, Osterwald and Nesselberg. In: oestliches-weserbergland.de . Flecken Salzhemmendorf, archived from the original on March 29, 2017 ; accessed on August 22, 2019 (information brochure).
  3. ↑ Kansteinweg Hanover - Alfeld (Leine). ( PDF , 2.5 MiB) In: hildesheimer-allgemeine.de . LGLN , September 10, 2014, accessed August 22, 2019 .
  4. ^ Daniel Eberhard Baring: Description of the hall in the office Lauenstein of Braunschweig-Lüneb. Fürstenthums Calenberg and all sources and streams flowing into it , 1744, §135.
  5. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 2.
  6. ↑ During excavation work by Otto Friedrich Julius von Münchhausen in 1826, the remains of the drawbridge and chains were found near the current north exit of Gut Voldagsen. Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 96.
  7. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 3.
  8. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 4.
  9. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 47.
  10. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 49.
  11. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 56.
  12. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 96.
  13. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 149.
  14. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 124.
  15. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 129.
  16. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 139.
  17. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 142.
  18. ^ German gender book, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn, Volume 211, 2000, pages 559-594.
  19. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 144.
  20. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 160.
  21. ↑ Frick, Ute; Albert, Jost: Gutspark Voldagsen (near Coppenbrügge, Lower Saxony) , 1990, page 23.
  22. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 176.
  23. ^ History of the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research on the Max Planck Institute website. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  24. ↑ Ernst Bertram: The history of the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz, 2nd part 1628–1968 , 1970, page 177.
  25. ↑ Horst Pieper: Self-protection - from a current point of view. In: ZS-Magazin , 12/1976, pp. 4–7, accessed on May 7, 2013 ( PDF , 24.7 MB).
  26. ↑ Memories of the time at Gut Voldagsen ( memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), article on the closure of the BVS site in the Deister and Weser newspaper from October 31, 2012.
  27. ↑ Article on the opening of the Hofcafé in the Deister and Weser newspaper of September 27, 2012. Retrieved on May 7, 2013.
  28. ↑ Manor Voldagsen | Lock | Hanover | Hamelin | Lake. Retrieved July 6, 2020 .
  29. ↑ Ernst Bertram: Restoration of a sundial and various spoils on the former manor Voldagsen-Nordholz. , 1976, p. 171.

Coordinates: 52 ° 6 ′ 9 ″  N , 9 ° 35 ′ 20 ″  E