Villa Hammerschmidt

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Villa Hammerschmidt (2008)
Rear view from the Rhine side
Villa Hammerschmidt, aerial photo (2017)
Villa around 1870
Villa around 1900
View from the opposite bank of the Rhine (2013)
Inner Rhine promenade
Grotto at the end of the inner Rhine promenade
Detail from the entrance hall of the villa
Pendulum clock in the terrace room
Dining room of the villa

The Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn has served as the official and residence of the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany since 1950, as the first residence and residence after Schloss Bellevue since 1994. It is located on the banks of the Rhine (Wilhelm-Spiritus-Ufer) directly to the north next to Palais Schaumburg , the second official seat of the Federal Chancellery . The main portal is on Adenauerallee (house number 135). Access is via Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße. The Villa Hammerschmidt is a stop on the path of democracy history .

history

The merchant Albrecht Troost (1824–1883) acquired a 17,329 m² property between Coblenzer Strasse in the west and the Rhine in the east in 1860 . From 1861, possibly not until 1862, Troost began building a one to two-storey, late Classicist villa based on a design by the architect August Dieckhoff (1805-1891). He moved in with his wife in the course of 1863 and bought additional properties. In 1868, after the death of Troost's wife, Jenny Giesler, and their son Arthur - both drowned - the villa became the property of the entrepreneur Leopold Koenig (1821–1903). Troost accompanied daughter Alice and son Friedrich Edmund on the move. This year the villa on the Rhine front was expanded to include a music room (south) and a dining room (north). By 1871 a large basement room was built according to plans by Ludwig Bohnstedt (1822–1885). In the same year, a one to two-storey and 39 m long palm house with a cellar, including a cold and warm house and a glass dome, was inaugurated. The salon of the palm house was later used as a billiard room . In 1872 a porter's house was built to be used by the gardener, and in 1875 that of a lining wall on the Godesberg stream . An around 50 m long stable and coach house, which also included three pavilions, was rebuilt or rebuilt around 1876.

From May 1877 to June 1878, under the execution of Otto Penner , but again according to plans by Ludwig Bohnstedt, the villa was extensively renovated and enlarged. The street front as well as parts of the side wings were demolished. As a result, the Rhine front gained almost 20 m in width, the street front around 15 m and the building depth increased by 9 m. The previous main facade was transformed into a central projectile , the ground floor received a central door and framing windows and the upper floor received balustrades and three arcades in the style of the Italian Renaissance . A mezzanine level also goes back to the extensions carried out by Penner. Two open, so-called Belvedere towers were added to the side of the central wing . Penner raised the side wings; downstairs arose upper room , terraces and a large staircase .

The four-hectare landscape park was laid out in 1878 by the Hamburg gardening director Rudolph Philipp Christian Jürgens . Around 1880, the so-called Nibelungen Grotto was built on the Rhine side. In 1899 Rudolf Hammerschmidt (1853–1922), a secret councilor and manufacturer, acquired the villa. Between 1900 and 1902 he had a marble hall called the “shell hall” built, which, including a connecting wing, created a connection between the residential and the palm house. Seasonally, the marble hall also served as a winter garden . The connecting structure has ionic columns and arched windows . After Hammerschmidt's death, the complex was divided into twelve apartments and rented from 1928, the furniture and the art collection were auctioned. From 1929, the real estate agent Maur leased the villa and the property and had some renovations carried out. The palm house was demolished during this time, the shell hall lost its function and most of its valuable furnishings and also became a residential building. Maur had the terrace structures enlarged.

The villa survived the Second World War unscathed. After the end of the war , occupation troops confiscated the property. From autumn 1948 to November 1949 it was used by the commander-in-chief of the Belgian armed forces in Germany , General Jean-Baptiste Piron . On April 5, 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany acquired the complex, consisting of the house, outbuildings and the park on the Rhine, for 750,000  DM from Rudolf Hammerschmidt's heirs, in order to set up the official residence of the Federal President , which until then had been on Schweinheim's Viktorshöhe . The conversions carried out for this had already started in January of that year. The villa's damaged stucco and ornamental ceilings were removed, and historical terrace structures and the two characteristic turrets were torn down. The main building of the new Federal President's Office (Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße 16) was built on the partially preserved walls of the stable and coach house, which had also been demolished, and another administrative building in the park (Adenauerallee 135a). On December 15, 1950, Federal President Theodor Heuss (1949–59) officially moved into Villa Hammerschmidt, even if he would have preferred to stay in his previous office on Viktorshöhe .

"Finally, however, he had to move and then said somewhat resignedly: Well, I am a little further from God than I was at Viktorshöhe - but a little closer to Konrad Adenauer."

- Report by Erich Mende

Nonetheless, Heuss also used Villa Hammerschmidt as a residence, unlike later office holders. In the adjacent shell building, an apartment was set up for the head of the office of the Federal President. At his request, the Nibelungen Grotto in the park was made unrecognizable by removing the figures.

Heuss' successor Heinrich Lübke (1959–69) did not live in the villa. Between 1969 and 1984, among other things, the villa was rebuilt several times, which, however, did not affect the spatial arrangement. In 1971 a covered swimming pool was built for Gustav Heinemann (1969–74) on the southern edge of the property; In the same year, the shell building was prepared to accommodate state guests. Before moving in, Walter Scheel (1974–79) had renovation and conversion work carried out in coordination with the designer Paolo Nestler and, during his tenure, a room in the attic was equipped for cinema screenings; however, it is no longer functional today. In addition, he moved his office from the office of the Federal President to the villa and the offices of his closest employees to there and to the shell building. In 1978, part of the street-side garden was concreted in order to create an esplanade for the guard battalion at the Federal Ministry of Defense , so that from then on more welcoming ceremonies for state guests took place at the villa. Karl Carstens (1979–84) did not live in the villa as the second incumbent. During Richard von Weizsäcker's tenure (1984–94), sport was played on a table tennis table in the attic. The upper floor houses the private rooms of the Federal President. The representation rooms, such as the reception room, fireplace room, dining room and terrace room are located on the ground floor. The Canaletto painting Der Zwingergraben in Dresden hung in the dining room until 2005 . The furniture on the ground floor was provided by Wilhelmshöhe Palace in Kassel. The predominant style is the French Empire from around 1830. The furnishings are usually put together from loans from the federal states and from museums. At the time of the villa, the members of a new federal cabinet received their certificate of appointment as the first official residence on the Rheinterrasse, or they presented themselves to the public with the Federal President.

Villa Hammerschmidt with the Federal President's standard hoisted (2016)

As a result of the decision to relocate the seat of parliament and government (1991), Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker was the first constitutional body to move his first official seat to Bellevue Palace in Berlin; His traditional New Year's receptions took place there for the first time in mid-January, and at the end of January he also moved there privately. Since then, Villa Hammerschmidt has been used as the second official residence. On October 27, 1998, with the Schröder I cabinet, the Federal President appointed a federal government in the villa for the last time; In November 1998, the Office of the Federal President moved to the capital as the first higher federal authority. The last cabinet member appointed in the Bonn office was Federal Finance Minister Hans Eichel on April 12, 1999 .

Whether the head of state is in Bonn is signaled by the hoisting of his standard ; A flagpole is installed on the roof for this purpose. The office of the Federal President is responsible for property management ; There is also a federal police station on the premises to guard the official headquarters. The helipad belonging to the official residence is located at the end of Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße on the Rhine side on the site of the successor building to Villa Kocks, which was built in 1936 and demolished in the 1970s (built 1899–1903). Villa Hammerschmidt is as of 2 March 1988 as a monument under monument protection , it comprises a main floor space of 1,143 square meters.

Stays of the Federal President in the Villa Hammerschmidt (from 2005)
date Federal President Remarks
August 19, 2005 Horst Koehler Reception of Pope Benedict XVI.
November 5, 2005 Horst Koehler Conference on the "Partnership with Africa" ​​initiative
August 15, 2006 Horst Koehler
October 21, 2006 Horst Koehler Reception by Alpha Oumar Konaré , President of the African Union
December 14, 2006 Horst Koehler Reception of Norodom Sihamoni , King of Cambodia
June 9, 2007 Horst Koehler Presentation of the new art equipment
March 2, 2008 Horst Koehler
May 30, 2008 Horst Koehler
December 16, 2008 Horst Koehler
June 22, 2009 Horst Koehler Awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
August 27, 2009 Horst Koehler Reception of Osei Tutu II , Asantehene of the Ashanti people in Ghana
August 26, 2010 Christian Wulff
2nd / 3rd October 2011 Christian Wulff Children's and family festival
20.-23. August 2012 Joachim Gauck
9-11 April 2013 Joachim Gauck
29./30. June 2013 Joachim Gauck Open-door day
18th November 2014 Joachim Gauck
March 11, 2015 Joachim Gauck
August 31–2. September 2015 Joachim Gauck
November 25, 2015 Joachim Gauck Inaugural visit of the Mayor of Bonn Ashok-Alexander Sridharan
August 29–2. September 2016 Joachim Gauck
March 7, 2017 Joachim Gauck Cultural evening with Robert and Clara Schumann
May 31, 2017 Frank-Walter Steinmeier
4th to 5th September 2017 Frank-Walter Steinmeier
June 24, 2018 Frank-Walter Steinmeier Open-door day
29.-31. August 2018 Frank-Walter Steinmeier
14.-17. May 2019 Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Other use

Since May 2011, the city of Bonn has offered the possibility of a civil wedding in the rooms of the villa.

On February 16, 2017, as part of the meeting of the foreign ministers of the G20 countries in Bonn, a dinner of the ministers' round took place in the Villa Hammerschmidt.

Incident in 1971

On April 8, 1971, the right-wing extremist, 20-year-old Carsten Eggert was arrested while attempting to break into the Federal President's official residence armed with a knife.

owner

Art equipment

Two German painters ( Bernard Schultze and Karl Otto Götz ) as representatives of informal art and two German photographers ( Hugo Erfurth and August Sander ) are represented with their works in the villa. In June 2007 a new art concept for the Villa Hammerschmidt was presented and implemented, in which the Museum Ludwig in Cologne also contributed.

In the park is the second cast of the bronze sculpture Montana I (1968) by the sculptor Bernhard Heiliger , created in 1972 ; to the left of the villa is the bronze figure Jason (1978/79) by the sculptor Gerhard Marcks , erected in 1979 ; Both works are donations by the artists to the Office of the Federal President.

  • Bernhard Heiliger: Montana I (1968/72)

Park

The park surrounding the building is characterized by a formal garden on the street side and a layout in the style of an English garden on the Rhine side. In addition, the park is shaped by the various changes it has undergone in the course of its existence. On the Rhine side it is part of the overall complex of the cultural monument . A garden gate connects the park with the area of the former Federal Chancellery belonging park of Palais Schaumburg .

Originally, an avenue lined with poplars led from the entrance on today's Adenauerallee to the villa. The poplars were felled shortly after the end of the war in 1945 and finally the avenue was completely removed at the end of the 1980s to create a uniform lawn.

literature

sorted alphabetically by authors / editors

  • Villa Hammerschmidt. The Bonn official seat . Office of the Federal President , Berlin 2013; bundespraesident.de (PDF)
  • Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01150-5 , p. 83.
  • Charlotte Püttmann: The park of the Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn . In: Die Gartenkunst , 29 (1/2017), pp. 181–204.
  • Ursula Salentin, Liselotte Hammerschmidt: Chronicle of the Villa Hammerschmidt and its residents . Gustav Lübbe Verlag, Bergisch Gladbach 1991, ISBN 3-404-65087-5 .
  • Olga Sonntag : Villas on the banks of the Rhine in Bonn: 1819–1914 . Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-416-02618-7 (also dissertation University of Bonn, 1994), Volume 1, pp. 182–201 (description of architecture and art-historical classification); Volume 2 = Catalog 1, pp. 255–315 (building history and building owners).

Web links

Commons : Villa Hammerschmidt  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Charlotte Püttmann: The park of the Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn , p. 186.
  2. ↑ Rudolph Juergens . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 2 . Christians, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-7672-1366-4 , pp. 203 .
  3. ↑ Rudolph PC Jürgens , European Garden Network (EGHN)
  4. ^ Olga Sonntag: Villas on the banks of the Rhine in Bonn: 1819–1914 , Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-416-02618-7 , Volume 2, Catalog (1), p. 272.
  5. ^ From the publications of the Historical Commission in Berlin :
    Jens Krüger: The financing of the Federal Capital Bonn , Verlag Walter De Gruyter, Berlin 2006. ISBN 3-11-019090-7 (p. 35).
  6. ^ City of Bonn, City Archives (ed.); Helmut Vogt : "The Minister lives in a company car on platform 4": The beginnings of the federal government in Bonn 1949/50 , Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-922832-21-0 , p. 159.
  7. ^ City of Bonn, City Archives (ed.); Helmut Vogt : "The Minister lives in a company car on platform 4". The beginnings of the federal government in Bonn 1949/50 , Bonn 1999, ISBN 3-922832-21-0 , pp. 159–163.
  8. ^ Official website of the Federal President - The history of Villa Hammerschmidt .
  9. ↑ Jochen Stöckmann: Villa Hammerschmidt declared the official seat of the Federal President in Bonn. In: DLF . April 5, 2020, accessed May 4, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Ursula Salentin: The Villa Hammerschmidt as the official and residence of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany . In: Ursula Salentin, Liselotte Hammerschmidt: Chronicle of the Villa Hammerschmidt and its residents . P. 164.
  11. ↑ Ursula Salentin: The Villa Hammerschmidt as the official and residence of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany . In: Ursula Salentin, Liselotte Hammerschmidt: Chronicle of the Villa Hammerschmidt and its residents . P. 179.
  12. ^ Jörg Diester: Secret files of the Chancellor's Bungalow. Bunkers under government buildings in Bonn and Berlin . Verlaganstalt Handwerk, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-86950-427-8 , pp. 113, 118.
  13. ↑ The Federal Minister of Economics and Finance: Excess and unscheduled budget expenditure in the 4th quarter of the 1971 budget year (= German Bundestag - 6th electoral period, printed matter 6/3628 (PDF) p. 2).
  14. ↑ a b The Federal Minister for Regional Planning, Building and Urban Development (ed.); Wolfgang Leuschner: Federal Buildings 1965–1980 . CF Müller, Karlsruhe 1980, ISBN 3-7880-9650-0 , pp. 190-192.
  15. ↑ Ursula Salentin: The Villa Hammerschmidt as the official and residence of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany . In: Ursula Salentin, Liselotte Hammerschmidt: Chronicle of the Villa Hammerschmidt and its residents . P. 204.
  16. ^ Charlotte Püttmann: The park of the Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn , p. 198.
  17. ↑ Ursula Salentin: The Villa Hammerschmidt as the official and residence of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany . In: Ursula Salentin, Liselotte Hammerschmidt: Chronicle of the Villa Hammerschmidt and its residents . Pp. 209/210.
  18. ^ Federal President moves to Berlin , Tagesspiegel , December 22, 1993.
  19. ↑ The Berliners want to see their president in Meisenstrasse , Tagesspiegel , January 31, 1994.
  20. ↑ Photo of Schröder's cabinet from Roman Herzog , LeMO .
  21. ↑ Christian van Lessen: In Bonn no connection under Herzog's number . Tagesspiegel , November 4, 1998.
  22. ↑ New Minister of Finance . Der Spiegel , April 12, 1999.
  23. ↑ Helmut Herles: The white house on the Rhine . In: Kölnische Rundschau . June 29, 2010.
  24. ↑ Location map of the Federal Police (PDF) as of January 19, 2017.
  25. ^ Olga Sonntag : Villas on the banks of the Rhine in Bonn: 1819–1914. Volume 3, Catalog (2). Bouvier, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-416-02618-7 , pp. 47-54 (also dissertation University of Bonn, 1994).
  26. ^ Heinrich Blumenthal: The Villa Spiritus. In: Rheinische Heimatpflege . New episode. 31st year, no. 2, 1994, pp. 128-131 (= Wilhelm Spiritus, a Rhenish Prussian. Bonn Lord Mayor with the longest term of office , General-Anzeiger , May 5, 1993, Bonn city edition, p. 15).
  27. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 3, number A 1355
  28. ↑ The Lord Mayor of Bonn (Ed.); Friedrich Busmann : From the parliament and government district to the federal district. A Bonn development measure 1974-2004 . Bonn, June 2004, p. 66.
  29. ↑ August 19, 2005, Bonn - Federal President Köhler receives Pope Benedict XVI. , The federal president
  30. ^ Page of the Partnership with Africa initiative ( Memento from May 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 303 kB)
  31. ↑ Dinner speech by Federal President Horst Köhler at dinner in honor of Cardinal Karl Lehmann on the occasion of his 70th birthday in the Villa Hammerschmidt . The Federal President, August 15, 2006
  32. ^ Bonn, October 21, 2006 - Federal President Köhler receives the football team from 'People with Disabilities' , The Federal President
  33. ↑ October 21, 2006, Bonn - Chairman of the African Union Konaré in Bonn 2006 , The Federal President
  34. ^ Bonn - Cambodian King Norodom Sihamoni in Germany 2006 , The Federal President December 14, 2006
  35. ^ Greetings from Federal President Horst Köhler at the presentation of the new art furnishings of Villa Hammerschmidt . The Federal President, June 9, 2007.
  36. ↑ Address by Federal President Horst Köhler at the award of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany to the State Rabbi Dr. Henry G. Brandt . The Federal President, March 2, 2008.
  37. ^ Greetings from Federal President Horst Köhler on the occasion of a reception at the 9th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity . The Federal President, May 30, 2008.
  38. ↑ Laudation by Federal President Horst Köhler on the occasion of the 95th birthday of Professor Dr. hc mult. Berthold Beitz . The Federal President, December 16, 2008.
  39. ^ Greetings from Federal President Horst Köhler at the award of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany . The Federal President, June 22, 2009.
  40. ↑ August 27, 2009, Bonn - King of the Ashanti Nana Osei Tutu II. In Bonn 2009 , Der Bundespräsident, August 26, 2010.
  41. ^ Visit to Bonn . The Federal President, August 26, 2010
  42. ^ Children's and family festival of the Federal President . The Federal President, October 3, 2011.
  43. ↑ Visit to the Federal City of Bonn . The Federal President, 23 August 2012.
  44. ^ Federal President Gauck carries out official business from Bonn . General-Anzeiger , April 8, 2013.
  45. ↑ Open house at Villa Hammerschmidt . The Federal President, June 29, 2013.
  46. ^ Gauck and Merkel on a visit to the federal city . General-Anzeiger , June 29, 2013.
  47. ↑ Reception for the first Avicenna scholarship holders . The Federal President, November 18, 2014.
  48. ^ Meeting with the heads of the presidential offices of the Arraiolos states . The Federal President, March 11, 2015.
  49. ^ The Federal President spends several days at his second official seat in Bonn . The Federal President, August 20, 2015.
  50. ↑ Mayor Sridaran visiting the head of state Gauck ( Memento from December 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Westdeutscher Rundfunk
  51. ↑ Federal President received Bonn's mayor for a personal conversation , City of Bonn.
  52. ↑ Photos for press releases . City of Bonn.
  53. ↑ Federal President Gauck spends several days at his official residence in Bonn . Office of the Federal President, August 16, 2016.
  54. ↑ Address at the cultural evening to Robert and Clara Schumann , Federal President's Office.
  55. ↑ In a good mood, the first visit to office number two . Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , May 31, 2017.
  56. ^ Federal President Steinmeier visits Bonn . Press release from the City of Bonn, August 30, 2017.
  57. ^ Federal President Steinmeier visits the Villa Hammerschmidt . Kölnische Rundschau / Bonner Rundschau, June 24, 2018.
  58. ↑ Residence at the official seat in Bonn , Federal President's Office, August 29, 2018.
  59. ^ Frank-Walter Steinmeier in Bonn , Radio Bonn-Rhein-Sieg , May 15, 2019.
  60. ↑ dream wedding in the world of the great ; Kölnische Rundschau, May 23, 2011 .
  61. ^ Bonn registry office - wedding room in Villa Hammerschmidt ; .
  62. ↑ Gabriel speaks on the sidelines of G20 meetings with Tillerson . Stern , February 16, 2016.
  63. ^ Assassination: hour in the park . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1971 ( online ).
  64. ↑ Camouflage maneuvers for those willing to use violence. In: sueddeutsche.de. February 3, 2012, accessed April 3, 2018 .
  65. ^ Art concept of Villa Hammerschmidt (2007) accessed on October 8, 2012
  66. ^ Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.); Claudia Büttner, Christina Lanzl: Short documentation of 200 art-in-building works on behalf of the federal government from 1950 to 1979 . BBSR online publication 12/2014, December 2014, pp. 158–160; bbsr.bund.de (PDF)
  67. ^ Gabriele Zabel-Zottmann: Sculptures and objects in the public space of the federal capital Bonn - installed from 1970 to 1991 . Dissertation, Bonn 2012, part 2, pp. 27–29; uni-bonn.de (PDF; 5.8 MB)
  68. ↑ Gabriele Zabel-Zottmann: Sculptures and objects in the public space of the federal capital Bonn. Compiled from 1970 to 1991. Dissertation, Bonn 2012, pp. 45/46; uni-bonn.de (PDF; 6.01 MB)
  69. ^ Charlotte Püttmann:  The park of the Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn . P. 198/199.
  70. ↑ Charlotte Püttmann: The park of the Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn , p. 181, 200.
  71. ^ Villa Hammerschmidt. The Bonn official seat . ( Memento from May 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) Federal President's Office, Berlin 2013, p. 6.
  72. ^ Ursula Salentin: The Villa Hammerschmidt as the official and residence of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany . In: Ursula Salentin, Liselotte Hammerschmidt: Chronicle of the Villa Hammerschmidt and its residents . P. 198/199.

Coordinates: 50 ° 43 '21.6 "  N , 7 ° 7' 2.9"  E