Group of the twenty most important industrial and emerging countries
The G20 (abbreviation for Group of Twenty ) is an informal association of 19 countries and the European Union that has existed since 1999 . It represents the most important industrial and emerging countries . The G20 primarily serves as a forum for the exchange of information on problems of the international economic and financial system , but also for coordination on other global issues such as climate policy, women's rights, educational opportunities, migration and terrorism. The direction and effectiveness of their resolutions are controversial.
On December 1, 2017, Argentina assumed the G20 presidency for one year. Germany previously held the chairmanship and hosted the G20 summit in Hamburg on July 7 and 8, 2017 .
Members
The 19 member states include the industrialized countries of the G7 and the emerging countries of the O-5 . The European Union has three members : Germany , France and Italy . The United Kingdom was also a member of the EU until Brexit on January 31, 2020 . In addition, the EU is a member, which also represents the other EU countries. Just under two thirds of the world's population live in the countries represented directly or indirectly in the G20 . They generate over 85 percent of the world's gross domestic product (GDP) and account for around three quarters of world trade (as of the end of 2016).
Country or association of states |
population | GDP ( nominal ) | GDP ( purchasing power parity ) | region | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Million | percent | Million US $ | percent | Million US $ | percent | region | |
Argentina | 43.4 | 0.6 | 545.124 | 0.7 | 912.816 | 0.7 | South America |
Australia | 23.8 | 0.3 | 1,258,978 | 1.7 | 1,251,416 | 1.0 | Oceania |
Brazil | 207.8 | 2.8 | 1,798,622 | 2.4 | 3,216,031 | 2.5 | South America |
Germany * | 83.0 | 1.1 | 3,466,639 | 4.7 | 4,134,668 | 3.3 | Europe |
European Union | 510.0 | 6.9 | 16,518,723 | 22.3 | 20.745.301 | 16.4 | Europe |
France * | 66.5 | 0.9 | 2,463,222 | 3.3 | 2,833,064 | 2.2 | Europe |
India | 1,311.1 | 17.8 | 2,256,397 | 3.0 | 9,489,302 | 7.5 | South asia |
Indonesia | 257.6 | 3.5 | 932,448 | 1.3 | 3,257,123 | 2.6 | South East Asia |
Italy * | 60.7 | 0.8 | 1,850,735 | 2.5 | 2,303,108 | 1.8 | Europe |
Japan | 127.0 | 1.7 | 4,938,644 | 6.6 | 5,420,228 | 4.3 | East asia |
Canada | 35.8 | 0.5 | 1,529,224 | 2.1 | 1,752,910 | 1.4 | North America |
Mexico | 127.0 | 1.7 | 1,046,002 | 1.4 | 2,406,199 | 1.9 | North America |
Russia | 144.1 | 2.0 | 1,280,731 | 1.7 | 3,938,001 | 3.1 | Europe / Asia |
Saudi Arabia | 31.5 | 0.4 | 639.617 | 0.9 | 1,796,205 | 1.4 | Middle East |
South Africa | 55.0 | 0.7 | 294.132 | 0.4 | 761.926 | 0.6 | Africa |
South Korea | 50.6 | 0.7 | 1,411,246 | 1.9 | 2,029,706 | 1.6 | East asia |
Turkey | 80.8 | 1.1 | 857.429 | 1.2 | 2,082,079 | 1.6 | Europe / Asia |
United Kingdom * | 65.1 | 0.9 | 2,629,188 | 3.5 | 2,905,392 | 2.3 | Europe |
United States | 321.4 | 4.4 | 18,569,100 | 25.0 | 19,417,144 | 15.3 | North America |
People's Republic of China | 1,371.2 | 18.7 | 11,218,281 | 15.1 | 23.194.411 | 18.3 | East asia |
total | 4,696.0 | 63.9 | 65.094.698 | 87.7 | 101,670,798 | 80.3 | |
world | 7,350.0 | 100.0 | 74.188.701 | 100.0 | 126,687,917 | 100.0 |
Population according to World Bank data from 2015, gross domestic product in 2016, GDP according to purchasing power parity are estimates for 2017.
* The four EU member states (the United Kingdom was still an EU member at the time the data was collected) are not taken into account in the total because their values are included in the row for the European Union.
Participants at the summit meetings
The heads of state and government as well as the finance ministers and central bank heads of the 19 member states take part in the summit, as well as the President of the European Council (if the EU Presidency is not led by a G7 state at that time), the President of the European Central Bank , the Executive Director (Managing Director) of the International Monetary Fund , the chairman of the International Monetary and financial Committee (IMFC), the world Bank President and the chairman of the Development Committee of the OECD .
history
Prehistory and foundation
In response to the Asian crisis , a group of 22 (also known as the Willard Group ) was decided at the summit of the APEC countries in Vancouver (Canada) in November 1997, on the initiative of then US President Bill Clinton . Compared to today's G20, the G-22 states also included Hong Kong , Malaysia , Poland , Singapore and Thailand ; The European Union , Turkey and Saudi Arabia were not yet represented . In April 1998 the first meeting of the G22 took place in Washington .
In 1999 the group was briefly expanded to form the G33 ; this had a meeting in Bonn in March and one in Washington, DC in April 1999. In September 1999, at the meeting of G7 finance ministers, the G20 was launched to replace it. The founding meeting took place on 15./16. December 1999 in Berlin . This G20 should not be confused with the association of developing countries of the same name , which was formed in 2003 at the World Trade Organization , but then lost its importance.
Meetings
year | logo | city | country | date | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | Berlin | Germany | 15/16 December | Founding; until 2008 as meeting of finance ministers | |
2000 | Montreal | Canada | 24./25.10. | ||
2001 | Ottawa | Canada | 16./17.11. | ||
2002 | Delhi | India | 22/23 November | ||
2003 | Morelia | Mexico | 26./27.10. | ||
2004 | Berlin | Germany | 19./21.11. | ||
2005 | Beijing | People's Republic of China | 15/16 October | ||
2006 | Melbourne | Australia | 18./19.11. | ||
2007 | Cape Town | South Africa | 17/18 November | ||
2008 | São Paulo | Brazil | 8/9 November | ||
2008 | Washington, DC | United States | 15./16.11. | “World financial summit”: first meeting at the level of the heads of state and government in view of the financial crisis from 2007 , additionally with the Netherlands, Spain and the Czech Republic; see Washington summit | |
2009 | London | United Kingdom | 1./2.04. | Follow-up meeting of the Washington Summit, additionally with Spain, the Czech Republic ( EU Council Presidency ), the Netherlands, Ethiopia ( NEPAD representative) and Thailand ( ASEAN Presidency) | |
2009 | Pittsburgh | United States | 24./25.9. | additionally with Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden ( EU Council Presidency ) | |
2010 | Toronto | Canada | 26./27.6. | additionally with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Malawi ( AU- Presidency), the Netherlands, Spain ( EU-Presidency ) and Vietnam (ASEAN-Presidency); see Toronto summit | |
2010 | Seoul | South Korea | 11/11/11 | additionally with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Malawi ( AU chair), Singapore, Spain and Vietnam (ASEAN chair) | |
2011 | Cannes | France | 3rd / 4th November | additionally with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Equatorial Guinea ( AU chair), Singapore, Spain and the United Arab Emirates ( Gulf Cooperation Council ) | |
2012 | Los Cabos | Mexico | 18./19.6. | also with Ethiopia (NEPAD representative), Benin ( AU chair), Chile, Cambodia, Colombia and Spain | |
2013 | St. Petersburg | Russia | 5th / 6th September | ||
2014 | Brisbane | Australia | 15./16.11. | Foundation of Women20 (W20) | |
2015 | Antalya | Turkey | 15./16.11. | additionally with Azerbaijan , Malaysia (ASEAN chair), Senegal (NEPAD representative), Singapore , Spain and Zimbabwe (AU chair) | |
2016 | Hangzhou | People's Republic of China | 4./5.9. | The PRC and the US announced that they would ratify the Paris Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ; see summit in Hangzhou | |
2017 | Hamburg | Germany | 7./8.7. | see summit in Hamburg | |
2018 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | 11/30/1/12 | see summit in Buenos Aires | |
2019 | Osaka | Japan | June 28/29 | see Osaka summit | |
2020 | Riad | Saudi Arabia | announced in 2017 | ||
2021 | Candidate: Bari | Italy | announced 2018 | ||
2022 | New Delhi | India | announced 2018 |
Switzerland
Although the G20 deals with issues of the international financial system, Switzerland , one of the most important financial centers in the world, was not accepted into the G20. In terms of the size of its economies, measured in terms of GDP, Switzerland would also belong to the G20, as Switzerland's GDP is greater than that of South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Argentina. To take this into account, the then French President Nicolas Sarkozy invited Switzerland in November 2010 to prepare for the summit in Cannes (France) in November 2011. The foreign ministers of Switzerland and Russia agreed in Moscow on October 25, 2012 that Russia (which held the presidency in 2013) would use Switzerland's know-how in financial matters to prepare for the 2013 G20 summit. Since the G20 shapes the agendas of world politics, it is the aim of the Swiss Federal Council (government) to become a permanent guest at the preparatory meetings of the G20. The country in which the G20 is chairing decides on any invitation. In 2020 Switzerland will take part in the summit in full for the first time.
Monitoring politicians
According to documents passed on by Edward Snowden to the British newspaper The Guardian , the British intelligence and security service ( Government Communications Headquarters ) systematically spied on and wiretapped politicians from other countries at the G20 meeting in London in 2009 and is planning to do so for future G20 and G20 G7 meeting. Among other things, cell phone connections, e-mails and computers were spied on, and some data was obtained using keyloggers, even after the G20 summit, and passed on to British politicians. For this purpose, the participants were lured into free internet cafés.
See also
Web links
- G20 website of the German Federal Government , accessed on March 11, 2018
- G20 Information Center current link and material collection of the G20 Research Group, Toronto (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the G20 Summit. In: g20.org ; see there also the compilation of important summit documents
- ↑ From climate protection to Africa to digitization. Topics of the Hamburg G20 summit. bundesregierung.de, accessed on July 28, 2017
- ↑ See Ingo doctor: G20 and the banks: Godzilla is alive! taz.de, July 7, 2017
- ^ Group of Twenty (G20). In: bundesfinanzministerium.de , as of November 30, 2016.
- ↑ Population data from the World Bank. 2017, accessed on June 27, 2017 .
- ↑ IMF list of countries with their nominal GDP 2015/16. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (English).
- ↑ GDP at purchasing power parity based on IMF estimates for 2017. Accessed July 1, 2017 .
- ↑ IMF estimates for EU GDP. Accessed July 1, 2017 .
- ^ The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997. In: worldbank.org , 2011, p. 310 (PDF)
- ^ Group of Twenty (G20). ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: bundesfinanzministerium.de
- ↑ Video conference at the highest level. In: welt.de , June 1, 2012, accessed on June 3, 2012
- ↑ 20 Things You Should Know About the G20 Summit in Turkey. In: dtj-online.de. Retrieved November 11, 2015 .
- ↑ Bari candidata ufficialmente a ospitare il G20 del 2021 (Italian) . In: bariviva.it , April 13, 2019.
- ↑ "Sfida impegnativa by far volar la città" (Italian) . In: baritoday.it , April 13, 2019.
- ↑ a b Italy and India's G20 orientation
- ^ Message from Radio DRS
- ↑ Moscow wants to include Switzerland in the G20 preparations. In: NZZ.ch
- ↑ G20 meeting - Switzerland has been waving for participation. In: srf.ch , accessed on September 5, 2016
- ↑ Federal Council decides priorities for Switzerland's G20 participation in 2020. In: seco.admin.ch . December 20, 2019, accessed January 14, 2020 .
- ↑ GCHQ intercepted foreign politicians' communications at G20 summits (16 June 2013). In: The Guardian , accessed June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Data espionage: British secret service spied on G20 participants. In: Zeit Online , June 17, 2013