Antalya

Antalya, Muratpaşa (47 m)
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010 ; wetterkontor.de (water temperature, humidity)

	Antalya
Basic data
Province (il) :	Antalya
Coordinates :	36 ° 53 ' N , 30 ° 42' E Coordinates: 36 ° 53 '19 " N , 30 ° 42' 12" E
Height :	30 m
Surface:	1,417 km²
Residents :	2,511,700 (2019)
Population density :	1,773 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code :	(+90) 242
Postal code :	07 000
License plate :	07
Structure and administration (as of April 2019)
Mayor :	Muhittin Böcek ( CHP )
Website:	www.antalya.bel.tr

Antalya harbor

Antalya (from ancient Greek Ἀττάλεια Attáleia , also the name in ancient and Byzantine times) is a Turkish city on the Mediterranean . It is the capital of the fertile coastal plain in the south of Asia Minor, which has been known as Pamphylia since ancient times . Today the area is often called the Turkish Riviera because of the long sandy beaches . Antalya's old town is mostly located above a steep coast. The important seaport in the south of the city borders on Konyaaltı Beach.

history

Greek colonization, Lydians, Persians

Pamphylia was founded in the 12th century BC. Probably settled by Mycenaean Greeks. The cities they founded became in the 7th century BC. Reorganized by the Ionian Greeks. They belonged to the Lydian and then to the Achaemenid Empire .

Alexanderreich, city foundation

334 BC These cities were occupied by Alexander the Great.

According to ancient tradition, Antalya was founded in 159 or 158 BC. Founded by King Attalus II of Pergamon . It was named Attaleia after him .

Roman Empire

From 133 BC His empire came to the Roman Empire by inheritance, but Pamphylia was divided into a multitude of dominions who turned to piracy. This was only 67 BC. Ended by Pompey .

As the most important port in the wider area, it was the travel destination of the biblical Apostle Paul in the 1st century AD, probably around the year 48 AD ( Acts 14.25 f. EU ). A church, today's mosque Kesik Minare Camii, can only be documented from the 5th century. 130 Emperor Hadrian Attaleia visited, which is reminiscent of Hadrian's Arch.

Eastern Byzantium

In the Middle Ages, Antalya was often called Satalia in western sources, but still Attaleia in Greek sources. In Byzantine times, Antalya was an important Christian center and an important naval base. In order to be able to withstand Arab attacks, the city, which had had walls since Roman times, was re-fortified in the 8th century. In 860 an Arab army conquered the city when raids were carried out from Melitene and Tarsus. In the 11th century the city became the seat of an Orthodox bishop. During the crusades, the city became a stopover in many cases, and crusaders fled here in 1149. In 1085 the Turkish Seljuks succeeded in conquering the city, which only became Byzantine again in 1121 or 1137/42.

Templars, Aldobrandino (until 1207), Seljuks

After the collapse of the Byzantine power after the 4th Crusade , the Templars were enfeoffed with the city by the Latins , which both the papal legate and Pope Innocent III. confirmed. The city was ruled by Aldobrandino. He was of Greco-Italian descent and is usually referred to in the sources as a privateer, as he did not succeed in founding his own dynasty. When Suleyman II , the Sultan of Rum , besieged the city, Aldobrandino turned to Cyprus for support. Walter von Montbéliard , son of Amé von Montfaucon, who came to the east with the 4th Crusade in 1199 and was regent for the underage King Hugo I , came to his aid with a larger force and was able to break the siege. As it turned out later, he had taken the money for it from the throne treasure of his ward without further inquiry. Walter seems to have made himself very quickly unpopular with the Greek population of the city, as they rose against him and called the Seljuks for help. Presumably Walter had tried to make himself ruler in place of Aldobrandino, as he was later to try in Rhodes , and, as a newcomer from France, had shown little sensitivity. The Sultan of Rum Kai Chosrau I entered Antalya in 1207. After his accession to the throne in 1210, Hugo I negotiated a trade agreement with Kai Chosrau I, which ensured the safety of Seljuk and Cypriot traders on the south coast of Anatolia .

Ottoman Empire

The city came under Ottoman rule at the end of the 14th century, then finally in 1426 , but never got beyond the status of a country town until the middle of the 20th century. This was due to the relocation of trade routes to the Mediterranean, while the caravans barely touched the city. At the end of the First World War, Italy received pledges to gain territories in Turkey, which also affected Antalya. However, these claims became obsolete with the recognition of the Turkish Republic.

present

Antalya tram at the Kalekapısı stop , December 2007

Antalya is the capital of the province of the same name , around half of whose inhabitants live in the city of Antalya. A city partnership with Nuremberg has existed since 1997 . In 1999 a tram was opened, the used T4 / B4 vehicles from Nuremberg. In 2009, after a year and a half of construction, another tram line was completed across the city, which, however, could only be put into operation late due to poor planning. A third tram line is currently being planned. More lines are to follow.

Today Antalya is the center of a rapidly growing tourist center on the Turkish Riviera that is visited by more than 2.5 million tourists annually. There are over 10,000 German permanent residents in the region, to whose care the parish of St. Nikolaus was founded by Prelate Rainer Korten in 2003 and a chapel was set up. In June 2009 Russian tourists overtook Germans for the first time as the largest tourist group in Antalya. "Olga overtakes Helga," was the headline of a Turkish newspaper at the time.

New industrial and commercial enterprises have settled in the well-developed regional city, often as offshoots of European companies. In the numerous new suburbs around Antalya, housing construction is being promoted according to modern standards. Almost every one of these settlements has a mosque and a shopping center as well as good transport links to the center.

The Antalya airport is the destination of many holiday flights. The tourist centers of Belek , Manavgat and Side in the east and Kemer in the south are in the immediate vicinity . In the city, the Antray, a modern tram network, is also operated as a public means of transport , which is constantly being expanded.

At the 2000 census, Antalya was the eighth largest city in Turkey with 606,500 inhabitants. The 2008 update named 798,000 inhabitants (see table).

politics

City council

Party / list	Election 2019
Party / list	Share of votes	Seats
Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP)	37.86%	37 seats
Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP)	34.35%	34 seats
İYİ Parti (İYİ)	9.41%	15 seats
Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP)	9.02%	15 seats
Democracy Sol Parti (DSP)	3.12%	5 seats
Saadet Partisi (SAADET)	1.80%	1 seat

climate

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Antalya, Muratpaşa (47 m)

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	15.1	15.4	18.1	21.7	26.2	31.5	34.6	34.6	31.5	27.0	20.9	16.5	O	24.5
Min. Temperature (° C)	5.5	5.8	7.5	10.7	14.8	19.4	22.6	22.6	19.0	15.0	10.0	7.1	O	13.4
Temperature (° C)	9.6	10.0	12.4	16.0	20.6	25.5	28.5	28.3	24.7	19.9	14.4	11.0	O	18.5

Precipitation ( mm )	208.7	134.6	104.0	62.7	31.4	8.5	2.9	2.3	11.5	77.6	176.6	267.0	Σ	1,087.8

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	5.4	6.0	6.9	8.0	9.9	11.6	11.8	11.2	9.7	7.9	6.2	5.1	O	8.3

Rainy days ( d )	12.2	10.3	8.7	6.7	4.9	2.6	1.5	1.5	2.1	5.2	8.0	11.2	Σ	74.9

Water temperature (° C)	18th	16	15th	17th	21st	22nd	26th	28	27	24	21st	18th	O	21.1

Humidity ( % )	69	68	65	68	68	63	58	60	58	62	67	70	O	64.6

Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010 ; wetterkontor.de (water temperature, humidity)

Population development

Until the 1950s, the city was only a medium-sized provincial town with less than 10 percent of today's population.

In the 2000s, in the course of several territorial and administrative reforms, large and z. Partly distant parts of the areas surrounding the city are summarized. This has led to a surge in the population. Antalya ranks 5th among cities in Turkey with 2,222,562 inhabitants. Of these, 1,122,997 are men and 1,099,565 women. Around 1.2 million people live in the inner city (closed development).

year	1927	1935	1940	1950	1960	1970	1985	1990	2000	2010	2014
Residents	17,000	23,000	25,000	28,000	51,000	95,000	258,000	378,000	603,000	1,393,000	2,222,000

Residents by city district

Ataturk Monument

Borough	Residents
Akseki	12,254
Aksu	68.106
Alanya	285,407
Demre	26,059
Döşemealtı	53,554
Elmalı	38,598
Finike	46,853
Gazipasa	48,561
Gündoğmuş	7,949
İbradı	2,800

Borough	Residents
Cheese	55,574
Kemer	41,621
Kepez	470.759
Konyaaltı	145,648
Korkuteli	52,913
Kumluca	66,783
Manavgat	215,526
Muratpaşa	465.927
Serik	117,670

Attractions

Only the smallest part of the urban fabric is of historical origin, as Antalya was only a rather small provincial town until the 1950s.

Yivli Minare Mosque and clock tower

Hadrian's Gate

The Hadrian's Gate at Atatürk Caddesi is the only gate preserved the ancient city of Antalya and harbor. The city wall ran to the left and right of the gate. The gate was built in honor of the visit of the Roman Emperor Hadrian in 130. Built on 4 pedestals, with 3 arches and pillars decorated with ornaments, you cannot make out a front on either side. Overall, the object has less the character of a city gate than that of a Roman triumphal arch or, better, that of a triumphal gate . The two defense towers on the left and right of the building are architecturally different and come from different times - the left tower is from Roman times, the right was built under the Seljuk Sultan Kai Kobad I (r. 1220–1237). The gate was restored in 1959.

The landmark of Antalya is the minaret of the Yivli Minare Mosque in the city center , which was also built in the 13th century under Kai Kobad I. A parapet runs above the bundle-pillar-like shaft , from which the muezzin called to prayer; in times of war it also served as a guard platform.

In the western part of the city, at the foot of an ancient settlement hill , lies the Roman Arapsu Bridge .

Also worth seeing is the Archaeological Museum of Antalya , in which numerous important finds from the south-western region of Asia Minor, the ancient Pamphylia , are shown.

In the north of the city, in the Döşemealtı district , are the Seljuk caravanserai Evdir Han and Kırkgöz Han .

Culture

Sports

Soccer

Antalya is the seat of the football club Antalyaspor , which is one of the regular members of the top Turkish league, the Süper Lig . In addition, the city is represented with the basketball club Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyespor (Antalya BB for short) in the highest Turkish basketball league, the Türkiye Basketbol Ligi . Furthermore, the Antalya Marathon , the second largest running event in Turkey , has been taking place in March since 2006 .

Due to the relatively pleasant climate, many football teams from Europe come to Antalya in the winter months to prepare for the second half of the season and to play friendly matches there under mostly good weather conditions. The suburb of Belek is very popular as a base . A soccer tournament has been held annually since 1999, with Turkish and European teams taking part in their training camp in Antalya. The tournament ran from 1999-2003 under the name Gazi Cup, 2003-2007 as Efes Pilsen Cup, 2007-2012 as Antalya Cup and since 2013 as Tuttor Cup.

The previous winners are:

billiards

In 1996, the three- cushion world cup in carom (billiards) was held in Antalya for the first time , after it had already taken place four times in Istanbul (1993-1995, 2005) on Turkish soil. The tournament is part of the Karambolage-Main Tour. It was then held in 1997, 1998, 2009 , 2010 and 2012 in Antalya. Other Turkish venues for this tournament were Kemer City in 1999 and Kuşadası in 2001 .

Personalities

Deniz Baykal (* 1938), politician
Gültekin Gencer (born 1963), businessman
Menderes Türel (* 1964), politician
Levent Yüksel (* 1964), pop musician
Rüştü Reçber (* 1973), football goalkeeper
Yağmur Sarıgül (* 1979), musician
Aslı Çakır Alptekin (* 1985), track and field athlete
Burak Yılmaz (* 1985), football player
Volkan Babacan (* 1988), football goalkeeper
Özgürcan Özcan (* 1988), football player
Selim Ay (* 1991), soccer player
Altuğ Çelikbilek (* 1996), tennis player
Eda Tuğsuz (* 1997), javelin thrower

Town twinning

Antalya maintains the following cities partnerships :

city	country	since
Almaty	Kazakhstan Kazakhstan	2005
Austin	United States Texas, USA	2008
Bat Jam	Israel Israel	1997
Brest	Belarus Belarus	2005
Chicago	United States Illinois, USA	2002
Famagusta	Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	2000
Haikou	China People's Republic People's Republic of China	2011
Jeonju	Korea South South Korea	2013
Kazan	Russia Russia	2002
Kunming	China People's Republic People's Republic of China	2012
Malmo	Sweden Sweden	2008
Mostar	Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina	2011
Nuremberg	Germany Germany	1997
Omsk	Russia Russia	2013
Rostov on Don	Russia Russia	1995
Samarqand	Uzbekistan Uzbekistan	2002
Split	Croatia Croatia	2003
Taldyqorghan	Kazakhstan Kazakhstan	2003
Cheboksary	Russia Russia	2001
Vladimir	Russia Russia	2013
Yalta	Ukraine Ukraine	2008
Miami	United States Florida, USA	2017

literature

Hansgerd Hellenkemper , Friedrich Hild : Lykien and Pamphylien. Volume 8: Tabula Imperii Byzantini Verlag d. Austria. Akad. D. Wiss., Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3280-8 , I pp. 297–341.
Peter W. Edbury: The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374 . (Chapter 2) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991

Web links

Commons : Antalya - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Antalya - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

↑ [1] , accessed on February 13, 2020
↑ This and the following from: Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger (Eds.): Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places , Routledge, 2013, pp. 36–39, here: p. 36.
↑ Jörn Leonhard: Pandora's box. History of the First World War , Beck, Munich 2014, p. 313.
↑ Antalya's new tram rolls through the city
↑ Antalya: The tram that doesn't run
^ Federal Cross of Merit for Prelate Korten
^ FAZ on start-up problems
↑ Parish of St. Nicholas
↑ FAZ No. 77, April 1, 2010, p. R2.
↑ FAZ No. 77, April 1, 2010, p. R2.
↑ Antalya Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri. Retrieved May 28, 2019 .
↑ Meclis Üyeleri / Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Retrieved May 28, 2019 .
^ Turkish Institute for Statistics ( Memento of February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 9, 2015
↑ Antalya Museum ( Memento from July 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Antalya Büyüksehir Belediyesi . Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved April 20, 2015.

[Infobox_Ort_in_der_Türkei.EinwohnerOrt-1] [1] , accessed on February 13, 2020

[2] This and the following from: Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger (Eds.): Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places , Routledge, 2013, pp. 36–39, here: p. 36.

[3] Jörn Leonhard: Pandora's box. History of the First World War , Beck, Munich 2014, p. 313.

[4] Antalya's new tram rolls through the city

[5] Antalya: The tram that doesn't run

[6] Federal Cross of Merit for Prelate Korten

[7] FAZ on start-up problems

[8] Parish of St. Nicholas

[9] FAZ No. 77, April 1, 2010, p. R2.

[10] FAZ No. 77, April 1, 2010, p. R2.

[11] Antalya Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri. Retrieved May 28, 2019 .

[12] Meclis Üyeleri / Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Retrieved May 28, 2019 .

[13] Turkish Institute for Statistics ( Memento of February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 9, 2015

[14] Antalya Museum ( Memento from July 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

[15] Antalya Büyüksehir Belediyesi . Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved April 20, 2015.