Mostar

This article covers the city of Mostar. There is also the writer Herrmann Mostar (1901–1973).

Mostar Мостар
Basic data
State :	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity :	Federation of BiH
Canton :	Herzegovina-Neretva
Coordinates :	43 ° 20 '  N , 17 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 20 '0 "  N , 17 ° 48' 0"  E
Height :	60  m. i. J.
Area :	1,175  km²
Residents :	113,169 (2013)
Population density :	96 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code :	+387 (0) 36
Postal code :	88000
Structure and administration (as of 2015)
Community type:	city
Mayor :	Ljubo Bešlić ( HDZ BiH )
Website :	www.mostar.ba

Mostar aerial view (2010)

Stari most - bridge over the Neretva - symbol of the city, rebuilt 1995-2004 (2009)

Mostar ( Serbian - Cyrillic Мостар ) is the largest city in Herzegovina , the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina , and the sixth largest city in the country. It is the capital of the Herzegovina-Neretva canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and has around 113,000 inhabitants, of which around 75,000 live in the city proper.

geography

location

Mostar is located in the south of the country on the Neretva in a basin between the mountain massifs Velež (1968 m) and Čabulja (1776 m) at an altitude of only 60 m above sea level.

climate

The basin location of the city means that there are high temperatures in summer (July / August). The climate in Mostar is Mediterranean and subtropical . The annual average temperature is 14.6 ° C; the average annual rainfall is 1515 mm. This makes Mostar the city in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the highest temperatures and the most rainfall.

With a sunshine duration from an average of 2,291 hours per year Mostar is the sunniest place in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mostar is one of the hottest cities in Europe. In the summer months, temperatures often rise to over 40 ° C.

Monthly temperatures and rainfall in Mostar Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 8.4 10.8 14.6 19.0 24.0 27.6 31.1 30.8 26.9 21.0 14.5 9.7 O 19.9 Min. Temperature (° C) 1.9 3.2 5.4 8.4 12.5 15.8 18.6 18.4 15.3 11.2 6.7 3.3 O 10.1 Precipitation ( mm ) 165 151 150 127 102 78 43 74 96 151 200 179 Σ 1,516 Rainy days ( d ) 13 12 12 13 12 12 7th 8th 8th 11 13 13 Σ 134 T e m p e r a t u r 8.4 1.9 10.8 3.2 14.6 5.4 19.0 8.4 24.0 12.5 27.6 15.8 31.1 18.6 30.8 18.4 26.9 15.3 21.0 11.2 14.5 6.7 9.7 3.3 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 165 151 150 127 102 78 43 74 96 151 200 179   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source:

City structure

In addition to the core city of Mostar, the urban area includes the following places: Bačevići, Banjdol, Blagaj , Bogodol, Buna, Cim, Čule, Dobrč, Donja Drežnica, Donji Jasenjani, Dračevice, Gnojnice, Goranci, Gornja Drežnica, Gornje Gnojnica, Gornbina Jasenjani , Humilišani, Ilici, Jasenica, Kamena (partial), Kokorina (partial), Kosor, Křemenáč, Krivodol, Kružanj, Kutilivač, Lakševine, Malo Polje Miljkovići, Orlac, Ortiješ, Pijesci, Podgorani, Podgorje, Podvelež, Polog, Potoci , Prigrađani, Rabina (partial), Raška Gora , Raštane, Ravni, RODOC, Selište, Slipčići, Sovici, Sretnice, Striževo, Vihovići, Vojno, Vranjevići, Vrapčići, vRdi, Zijemlje (partial), Željuša, Žitomislići and Žulja.

Essentially, this corresponds to the area of ​​the 1991 existing municipality of Mostar; However, after the Dayton Agreement, small parts were given to the newly founded municipality of Istočni Mostar (East Mostar) or acquired by the municipality of Nevesinje .

history

The area around Mostar has been inhabited since prehistoric times. At Cim and Sutina the remains of late antique basilicas were excavated, which suggests continuous settlement. In the late Middle Ages, the Neretva Valley was under the rule of the Kosača family. In 1454 there was a fortified crossing over the Neretva. This was conquered by the Ottomans in 1466, who expanded the place into an administrative seat, which was first mentioned in 1474 under the name Mostar (= bridge guard). In the 16th and 17th centuries, Mostar became the commercial and economic center of Herzegovina; At times it was also the seat of political power. In 1566 the now famous stone bridge was built in place of the old wooden bridge , and in 1557 the Karađozbeg Mosque . After the Great Turkish War and the Peace of Karlowitz , the city received new fortifications. In 1833 the existing sanjak was upgraded to the Paschalik Herzegovina under the vizier Ali-paša Rizvanbegović , but after his death reunited with Bosnia.

The 8th Corps of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army in Mostar (February 1945)

Like all of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mostar came under Austro-Hungarian administration in 1878 . In 1881 the city became the seat of a Catholic bishop. Mostar received a railway connection and three more bridges were built over the Neretva. After the First World War , Mostar belonged to Yugoslavia, initially to Mostarska oblast , from 1929 to 1939 to Primorska banovina , from 1939 to 1941 to the autonomous Banovina Hrvatska . During the Second World War , Mostar was annexed to the Independent State of Croatia . On February 14, 1945 it was captured by partisans of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army . After the war the city became part of the republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the restored, now socialist Yugoslavia. The university was opened in 1977.

During the Bosnian War there was fighting between Croatian-Bosniak and Serbian units in Mostar in 1992/1993, and between Croatians and Bosniaks in 1993/1994 . The city was divided into a Croatian-western and a Bosniak-eastern part through evictions. During the war, Croatian armed forces destroyed Mostar's landmark, the Stari most bridge , in several hours of targeted fire. In May 2013, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia sentenced six persons responsible in the Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna to several years' imprisonment, among other things for the destruction of the bridge. In November 2017, all judgments were upheld on appeal , Slobodan Praljak committed suicide in the courtroom . After the war the bridge was rebuilt and officially opened in 2004.

Administratively, Mostar has formed two cities since the war: a Croatian on the western bank of the Neretva River and a Bosniak on the eastern bank. On behalf of the EU, Hans Koschnick was sent to Mostar as a mediator. In January 2004 this condition was formally lifted and a new regulation was introduced, according to which the city is divided into six municipalities, which together represent one unit. As a result of the ongoing dispute over the administrative structure, there have been no municipal elections in Mostar since 2008.

In the course of the refugee crisis in Europe , temporary refugee accommodation was created near Mostar in 2018 , which migrants use as a temporary residence before crossing the border into the European Union .

population

Ruin unchanged since the war (2014)

Mostar residents are of different nationalities. The 1991 census showed 126,628 inhabitants with the following ethnic composition: Bosniaks : 43,856 (34.63%), Croats : 43,037 (33.98%), Serbs : 23,846 (18.83%), Yugoslavs : 12,768 (10.08%) and others: 3,121 (2.31%). In addition, few Albanians and Turks lived in the city .

The Bosnian war led to a segregation of the population. According to OHR and UNHCR data from February 1999, 47,587 of the 47,838 Croatian inhabitants lived west and 49,023 of the 49,623 Bosniak inhabitants lived east of the Neretva River. Of the Serbian population, 1,083 lived in the western and 439 in the eastern part.

traffic

The first railway line through Mostar was the narrow - gauge Narenta Railway ( 760 mm gauge ) from Metković to Sarajevo , built by Austria-Hungary . It was shut down with the opening of the new standard gauge line Sarajevo – Ploče in November 1966. This is currently used by two pairs of passenger trains a day between Sarajevo and Ploče or Čapljina. Mostar train station is to the east of the city.

Mostar is connected to the trunk road network with the M-17 main road. With Mostar Airport , the city also has an international airport, about six kilometers south of the city center.

Local public transport is served by Mostar Bus doo with 26 bus routes. There are also numerous long-distance bus routes.

economy

Mostar has traditionally been an administrative and service center. After the Second World War, various industrial companies emerged that have since been privatized. Tourism has increased again in recent years.

Agriculture

Mostar has a good climate for fruit and wine growing, in which the Hepok company plays an essential role.

Industry

SOKO is a manufacturer of auto and aircraft parts and a former manufacturer of military aircraft . Aluminij dd has been smelting bauxite into aluminum since 1981 and manufactures various aluminum products (conductors, wires, anodes).

Services

The former state-owned postal, telecommunications and energy supply companies were split up in the course of the Bosnian War. According to the population and area share at the time, HP Mostar , HT Eronet and EPHZHB are each the third largest company in the country, but now also outside of the traditional one, i.e. H. Croatian controlled area active.

Since 1997 there has been an annual fair in Mostar.

There are two hospitals: Mostar University Hospital on the western side and the Regional Medical Center “Dr. Safet Mujić ” on the eastern side of the city.

In 1977 a university was founded in Mostar, which during the war was divided into the (Croatian-dominated) University of Mostar and the (Bosniak-dominated) University "Džemal Bijedić" .

City cleaning and waste disposal have been carried out by the Komunalno company since 2012 , which combines the former Parkovi (west side) and Komos (east side) companies.

The government of the Herzegovina-Neretva canton and 5 of the federation's 16 ministries are based in Mostar.

Attractions

Old bridge and old town of Mostar
UNESCO world heritage
Mostar's old town with the Stone Bridge is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
National territory:	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Type:	Culture
Criteria :	(iv)
Surface:	7.6 ha
Reference No .:	946
UNESCO region :	Europe and North America
History of enrollment
Enrollment:	2005  (session 29)

Franciscan monastery (2004)

Aerial view of the old bridge and part of the old town (2010)

Mostar's landmark is the Stari most (German Old Bridge ) over the Neretva, which was built from 1556 to 1566 by the Ottoman architect Mimar Hajrudin. The city name comes from the bridge guards (Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian: Mostar = bridge guard) . The "Old Bridge" was destroyed in the Bosnian War on November 9, 1993 by massive shelling from the Croatian side. The reconstruction work began in 1996 and was completed in 2004. The bridge and the old town were in the on 15 July 2005 World Heritage list of UNESCO included.

Near the bridge is the Karađozbeg Mosque , which is also open to visitors. The mosque with medresa (Koran school) and Šadrvan (fountain) was built in 1557 and badly damaged in the war in Herzegovina, but has since been restored.

Also worth seeing is a Christian basilica in the suburb of Cim, which was probably built in the 5th or 6th century. The Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of the Holy Trinity , built between 1863 and 1873, was destroyed in 1992. It has been rebuilt since 2010.

On November 26, 2005, a statue of Bruce Lee was unveiled in Mostar on his 65th birthday . It was built on the initiative of the Mostar youth group “Urban Movement Mostar” with financial support from the German Federal Cultural Foundation . According to the movement spokesman Nino Raspudić, the choice fell on the deceased Kung Fu legend because everyone could identify with him. The statue is intended to set an example against the ethnic division in the Balkans.

The partisan cemetery recalls the the Second World War fallen partisans .

Culture

Significant cultural institutions in Mostar are:

• Cultural Center "Mostar"
• Youth Culture Center "Abrašević"
• Pavarotti-Mostar Music Center
• Archives of Herzegovina (today Cantonal Archives)
• Museum of Herzegovina
• Children's library
• City library "Luka"
• Mostar National Theater (Bosniak side)
• Croatian National Theater in Mostar
• the house of Aleksa Šantić
• Hrvatski dom "Herceg Stjepan Kosača"

media

The daily Dnevni list has been published in Mostar since 2001 . There are various radio and television stations.

Mostar Peace Prize

Panorama of the old town (2007)

Modern districts (2010)

The Mostar Peace Prize has been awarded annually since 2004 by the NGO Center for Peace and Multiethnic Cooperation, which was founded in 1990 with the aim of understanding between the ethnic groups living in Mostar . It is 30 cm high and is made of gold, silver and stainless steel.

Portions of this article appear since 2009 is out of date to be .
Please help to research and insert the missing information .

The previous winners are:

• 2004: Václav Havel
• 2005: Alois Mock
• 2006: Nelson Mandela
• 2007: Mohammed el-Baradei
• 2008: Bono , Sanela Diana Jenkins

Sports

View from one of the surrounding hills over the city area (2008)

The most popular sport in Mostar is soccer . The most famous football club is FK Velež , whose supporters are mostly Bosniaks . In 1992 the Croatian dominated football club HŠK Zrinjski was re-established. A rivalry exists between the fans of these two teams. The meeting of these two teams is also known as the Mostar Derby . Velež was a two-time cup winner of Yugoslavia (1981 and 1986). Zrinjski became the champion of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2005, 2009, 2014 and 2016. In Mostar there have been repeated riots between Bosnians of Muslim and Croatian origin in the past. At the European Football Championship in 2008 , when Croatia played against Turkey, the riots caused a particular stir.

The most famous extreme sports are the artificial jumps from the Stari most bridge into the Neretva. These take place annually at the end of July under the name Ikari and attract numerous participants and visitors from neighboring countries.

politics

coat of arms

The coat of arms was adopted on October 27, 2006. It stylizes the Stari most ("Old Bridge") over the Neretva. The six white stripes represent the six municipalities, the two triangles symbolize Libra, the semicircle the sun. The color blue symbolizes the sky and white the rock.

Town twinning

Mostar maintains town twinning with the following cities :

Amman in Jordan Arsoli in Lazio , Italy Brčko in Bosnia and Herzegovina Izmir in Turkey Kaposvár in Hungary Kayseri in Turkey Orkdal in Norway Kragujevac in Serbia

Millau in the Occitanie region of France Montegrotto Terme in Veneto , Italy Split in Croatia Tutin in Serbia Vejle in Denmark Yinchuan in China

Mostar also maintains friendly relations with Heidelberg in Germany.

sons and daughters of the town

• Katarina Kosača-Kotromanić (1424–1478), Queen of Bosnia
• Svetozar Ćorović (1875-1919), writer
• Hamza Humo (1895-1970), writer
• Alois Podhajsky (1898–1973), head of the Spanish Riding School
• Džemal Bijedić (1917–1977), politician
• Smail Balić (1920–2002), orientalist and librarian
• Predrag Matvejević (1932–2017), literary scholar and writer
• Radomir Damnjanović (* 1936), painter and performance artist
• Ivan Ćurković (born 1944), football player
• Dušan Bajević (* 1948), football coach
• Enver Marić (* 1948), football player
• Zvonimir Serdarušić (* 1950), handball coach
• Dražen Dalipagić (* 1951), basketball player
• Vahid Halilhodžić (* 1952), football player
• Ernst M. Binder (1953–2017), Austrian poet and theater director
• Vjekoslav Bevanda (* 1956), politician
• Dragan Čović (* 1956), Croatian politician in BiH
• Jasna Kolar-Merdan (* 1956), handball player, world handball player and Olympic champion
• Blaž Slišković (* 1959), national football coach of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Semir Tuce (born 1964), football player
• Zdenko Jedvaj (* 1966), football player
• Meho Kodro (* 1967), football player
• Goran Suton (1968–2016), national handball player and handball coach
• Ivica Jozić (* 1969), football player
• Sergej Barbarez (* 1971), football player
• Mario Bazina (* 1975), football player
• Nino Raspudić (* 1975), philosopher
• Denis Zovko (* 1975), football player and coach
• Sergej Jakirović (* 1976), football player
• Adnan Čustović (* 1978), football player
• Saša Papac (* 1980), football player
• Dejan Damjanović (* 1981), football player
• Vedran Jerkovic (* 1981), football player
• Zoran Planinić (* 1982), basketball player
• Daniela Janjic (* 1984), author
• Mario Dugandzic (* 1985), basketball coach and player
• Mirza Teletović (* 1985), basketball player
• Boris Pandža (* 1986), football player
• Igor Anic (* 1987), handball player
• Igor Karačić (* 1988), handball player
• Stanko Sabljić (* 1988), handball player
• Bojan Bogdanović (* 1989), basketball player
• Denis Pozder (* 1989), football player
• Mateo Pavlović (* 1990), football player
• Goran Karaćić (* 1996), football player

literature

• David Jenning, Hans Koschnick , Jens Schneider, Uli Reinhardt: Bridge over the Neretva . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-423-30496-0
• Amir Pašić: A Short History of Mostar . In: Conservation and Revitalization of Historic Mostar . Geneva 2004, The Aga Khan Trust for Culture archnet.org (PDF)
• Giovanni Scotto: Peace Education in Mostar. The role of international non-governmental organizations . Lit Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7852-X

Web links

Commons : Mostar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Mostar  - travel guide

• Homepage of the city of Mostar
• www.christianhofer.net 360 ° virtual tour through Mostar

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Temperatures and Precipitations . ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ^ World Weather Information Service
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Proleksis Enciklopedija: Mostar . Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, Zagreb 2013, accessed April 1, 2015.
4. ↑ indictment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia , March 2, 2004 (counts 116 and 118).
5. ↑ Mostar Bridge . ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Page for a television documentary by ZDF (2003). 
6. ^ Poison death in The Hague - Convicted Slobodan Praljak died. In: Die Welt from November 29, 2017.
7. ↑ Cornelia Karin Hendrich: Bosnia-Herzegovina: The number of refugees is growing in the Balkans . May 24, 2018 ( welt.de [accessed January 31, 2019]).
8. ↑ mdr.de: Refugees in Bosnia: Beaten up, hungry and left to their own devices | MDR.DE. Accessed January 31, 2019 . 
9. ↑ ^{a b} Dunja Melcic: The war in Yugoslavia: Handbook history, course and consequences . 2nd Edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2007, p. 426 .
10. ↑ Mostar Bus doo: O nama ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2015. 
11. ↑ Hepok Mostar: Tradicija i historija ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2015.
12. ^ Povijest Aluminija , Aluminij dd, accessed April 1, 2015.
13. ↑ Ljubuški Vjesnik: Počinje najznačajniji gospodarski događaj u BiH i zemljama regije , April 9, 2013. Accessed April 1, 2015.
14. ↑ Ujedinjuju se komunalna preduzeća u Mostaru ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federalna televizija, June 11, 2012, accessed April 1, 2015. 
15. ↑ Ministarstva Vlade Federacije BiH , accessed on April 2, 2015.
16. ^ Serbian Orthodox Church : Serbian Orthodox Bishop of Herzegovina returns to Mostar , May 8, 2007
17. ↑ Počela obnova Saborne crkve u Mostaru , October 22, 2010. Accessed April 2, 2015.
18. ↑ Pages of the Center for Peace and Multiethnic Cooperation for the award of the Mostar Peace Prize ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
19. ↑ One dead in rioting in Bosnia
20. ↑ Odluka o upotrebi i zaštiti imena, grba i zastave Grada Mostara. Section 7.7.2. in: Specijalni Izvještaj o izgledu, upotrebi i zaštiti državnih, odnosno službenih obilježja u Bosni i Hercegovini. Institucija ombudsmena, Banja Luka 2018, p. 103 (Bosnian)
21. ↑ Mostar website ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
22. ↑ https://www.heidelberg.de/hd,Lde/HD/Leben/Partnerstaedte.html , accessed on January 13, 2019