Rogatica

Rogatica Рогатица
Basic data
State :	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity :	Republika Srpska
Coordinates :	43 ° 48 ′  N , 19 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 43 ° 48 ′ 1 ″  N , 19 ° 0 ′ 6 ″  E
Height :	525  m. i. J.
Area :	664  km²
Residents :	9,905 (2018)
Population density :	15 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code :	+387 (0) 58
Postal code :	73220
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Mayor :	Milorad Jagodić ( SNSD )
Website :	www.opstinarogatica.com
Others
City Festival :	August 19th

Rogatica ( Serbian - Cyrillic Рогатица ) is a small town and municipality in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina , which has belonged to the Republika Srpska since the Bosnian War .

geography

Rogatica is located in a valley in the southern part of Eastern Bosnia, about 60 km east of Sarajevo . Neighboring municipalities are Han Pijesak , Milići , Novo Goražde , Pale , Rudo , Sokolac and Višegrad .

View of part of Rogatica and the Serbian Orthodox Trinity Church

topography

The small town extends along the left and right banks of the Rakitnica at an altitude of 525 m. To the northwest the valley is closed by the mountain Ljun, and to the east and southeast by the chain of mountains Crven, Tmor and Zasada. Rogatica forms the center of the course of the Rakitnica and in a broader sense also that of the middle course of the Prača . In the east, the catchment area of ​​the city extends as far as the rivers Žepa and Drina near Slap, while in the north-west it also includes Han Stjenica and the Glasinac plateau.

The Rakitnica rises at an altitude of 800 m below the Stupni do . To the east of the village of Rakitnica it takes on the Bereg tributary and in the town itself the two tributaries Toplik and Gračanica.

The area has a low mountain range character . Of the 66,437 hectares in the Rogatica municipality, only 20% are below 500 m, while 80% belong to the mountainous region with altitudes between 800 and 1900 m. In the east, south-west and north of the municipality are mountain ranges, the largest of which are the Devetak (1,417 m), Sjemeć, Tmor, and the Bokšanica (1,254 m).

climate

The annual mean temperature is 11 ° C. The maximum value was measured at 35 ° C in July and the minimum at −28 ° C in January. Annual rainfall is between 700 and 800 mm in the city and up to 1,500 mm in the surrounding mountains.

history

Rogatica was first mentioned in a document in 1425. Under Ottoman rule, the settlement was named Čelebi Pazar after Mehmed Čelebi, son of Isa-beg Čelebi, towards the end of the 15th century . Čelebi means "noble" or "stately" in Turkish .

Ottoman rule

The old town of Rogatica was concentrated on a main street with one or more shops in each house. Husein-beg Arnautović had many of these commercial buildings built. Two stone bridges, Kanarska ćuprija and Donja ćuprija , connected the city center on the right side of the Rakitnica with the residential areas on the left bank.

Some mosques were built during this period, such as the Tekijska , Oručagina , Arnaudija and Careva džamija , as well as the Sudžaudinova or Čaršijska džamija and the Serhadija . In addition to the Čaršijska džamija, a Koran school (Medresa) was opened. Under the Ottoman rule, Rogatica developed into an oriental-looking city.

The districts of Sinan vojvodina mahala , Oruč-agina mahala , Husein-begova mahala and Careva mahala or Hangarija developed around the mosques in Rogatica . At the beginning of the 16th century, the first public bath ( hamam ) with hot and cold water was built in Čelebi Pazar , and a little later drinking water pipes for part of the city were built. Over time, traders, craftsmen and caravanserais settled here .

Rogatica also became a court (Kadiluk). This function exercised some men should hold even higher in the Ottoman Empire positions, three of them even as vizier : Sinan Paša Borovinčić , Ali-Paša Pračić and Mehmed Paša Sokolović .

Austro-Hungarian rule

Under the Austro-Hungarian rule from 1878 the population structure in Rogatica changed. Some Jewish families, traders from different nations, Austrian officers and officials as well as Serbs from the surrounding villages settled here.

In the first census carried out by the Austrians in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879, Rogatica counted 1,831 inhabitants, 444 houses and 471 apartments. According to religion, the population was divided as follows:

• Muslim 1,693 or 92.46%
• Orthodox 131 or 7.16%
• Jews 6 or 0.32%
• Catholics 1 or 0.06%

Native Bosniaks believed to make up the majority of the city's Muslims. At that time Rogatica was the 28th largest city in Bosnia.

With the Austro-Hungarian rule, European culture came to this part of the country as well. Outwardly, this was particularly noticeable in the introduction of the Latin script. A growing part of the youth studied at European universities. Since 1883 a trained doctor was active in Rogatica itself.

Military units expanded the road connection Sarajevo-Rogatica-Višegrad in 1879 to a length of 148 km, plus the 26 km long Rogatica-Goražde road and in 1906 another road to Mesice (9 km). In 1895, the Borike stud was founded to breed Arabs and Bosnian mountain horses. In the years 1905/06 a 4 km long modern water pipeline was laid, in 1908 a sewer system was also laid. The Bosnian Eastern Railway , also built for strategic reasons, ran over long distances through the Rogatica district. The military area on the outskirts was extended by a two-story barracks. The Serbian Orthodox Trinity Church was built from 1883 to 1886 .

The town's first sawmill was built in 1900, and a brick factory started operations in neighboring Kovanje.

According to the 1910 census, around 1,400 families of dependent farmers lived in the Rogatica district. Of the 699 land-owning families in this district: 644 were Bosniak (92.13%), 52 Serbian (7.4%), two Croatian (2.29%) and one Jewish nationality (0.14%).

Under Austrian rule there was also a slow emigration of the Muslim population, mainly to Sarajevo and Turkey.

Between the world wars

In 1920 the SHS state carried out an agrarian reform in which the land of the mostly Bosniak large landowners was distributed to the previously landless farmers, mostly Serbs.

From 1919 to 1949, the Rogatica district ( Rogatički srez ) extended over an area of ​​1,465.25 km² and included the areas of today's communities Rogatica and Sokolac as well as parts of the neighboring communities Han Pijesak (Podžeplje), Višegrad (Međeđa), Goražde (Ustiprača) ) and Pale (Hrenovica and Prača).

In 1919 coal mining began in Kukavice near Rogatica, which was intensified after 1923. From 1928 the coal was transported directly to the Mesići railway station by cable car.

In 1926 the citizen school was opened and the network of elementary schools expanded. Between 1928 and 1932 the writer Hasan Kikić worked as a teacher in Rogatica and shaped the cultural life of the city.

During this time there were 186 craft businesses, 79 shops and 68 inns. In 1936 the first agency of the clothing manufacturer "Bata" opened.

Second World War

As early as 1941, some of the Bosniaks from Rogatica and the surrounding villages joined the resistance. In the autumn of 1941 the Muslimanska četa and later a Muslim battalion within the partisan association of the Romanija were formed. From 1943 the residents fought in the 6th and then in the 16th Muslim Assault Brigade.

Of a total of 136 villages in the Rogatica district, 77 were completely burned down and 42 partially burned down during the war. Just 45 of the city's over a thousand residential buildings survived the war undamaged, and on May 9, 1945, only 67 residents remained in the city. Of the city's seven mosques, only two remained, the Arnautovića and the Čaršijska džamija. The Serbian Orthodox Trinity Church was also badly destroyed by the German Wehrmacht . Everything valuable was stolen from the church, even the iconostasis and icons .

Bosnian War

During the Bosnian War , a large part of the non-Serbian population, who previously formed the majority of the population, was expelled. The enclave Žepa in the north of the municipality remained under Bosniak control as a UN protection zone until July 1995 and was then conquered by the VRS .

population

At the 1991 census, the municipality of Rogatica had 21,978 inhabitants, including

• Bosniaks : 13,209 (60.10%)
• Serbs : 8,391 (38.17%)
• Yugoslavs : 186 (0.84%)
• Croatians : 19 (0.08%)
• Others: 173 (0.78%)

8,963 people lived in the main town, including

• Bosniaks : 5,681 (63.38%)
• Serbs : 3,018 (33.67%)
• Yugoslavs : 140 (1.56%)
• Croatians : 16 (0.18%)
• Others: 108 (1.20%)

Due to displacement and the influx of refugees from other areas, the Serbs have made up the absolute majority of the population since the war. The population was just under 12,000 at the 2013 census, which means a war-related decrease in the population by almost half.

places

Landscape north of Rogatica near the municipality of Kovanj

The municipality comprises a total of 119 places: Agarovići, Babljak, Beći, Begzadići, Beheći, Berkovići, Bjelogorci, Blažujevići, Borač, Borika, Borovac, Borovsko, Božine, Brankovići, Brčigovo, Brda, Brezje, Bulozi, Burati, Čubrićićina , Dobrače, Dobrašina, Dobromerovići, Dobrouščići, Drobnići, Dub, Dumanjići, Đedovići, Ferizovići, Gazije, Godimlje, Golubovići, Grivci, Gučevo, Guždelji, Jarovići, Jasenice, Kozlanići, Kozlanjzići, Kamen, Karačevići, Kráčevići, Selovićići, Kozlanjzići, Kozlanjzići, Kozlanjzići, Kozlanjzići, Kamen, Karačevići, Jasenice, Kozlanići, Kamen, Karačevići, Jasenice, Kozlanići, Kamen, Karačarde Krvojevići, Kujundžijevići, Kukavice, Kusuci, Kutezero, Lađevine, Laze, Lepenica, Lubardići, Ljubomišlje, Mahala, Maravići, Medna Luka, Mesići, Mislovo, Mrgudiovoći, Nahota, Obrtići, Oštričovoći, Nahota, Obrtići, Oštrinačevo, Oštrinačevo, Oštrinačevo, Kutezero, Kutezero, Kutezero, Kutezero, Kutezero, Paštrinačevo, Oštrinačovo, Oštrinačovo, Oštrinačovo, Oštričovo, Pavičovoić, Oštričovo, Kutezero, Pavičovoić, Oštričovo, Kutezero, Pavičovoići, Oštričovo, Kutičovoić, Oštrinačovo, Oštričovo, Oštričovo, Kutezero, Pavičovoć , Pešurići, Pijevčići, Planje, Pljesko, Plješevica, Podgaj, Pokrivenik, Pribošijevići, Pripećak, Prosječeno, Purtići, Radič, Rađevići, Rakitnica, Ribioc, Rogatica, Rusanovići, Staričeko, Sljani, Sapjevići, Sapjevići, Sljaniči, Sapjevići Stari Brod, Stjenice, Stop, Strmac, S udići, Surovići, Šatorovići, Šena Krena, Šetići, Šljedovići, Šljivno, Štavanj, Trnovo, Varošište, Vragolovi, Vratar, Vražalice, Vrelo, Vrlazje, Zagajevi, Zagorice, Zakomo, Ziličina, Žepa , Živaljevići and Živaljevina.

Economy and Infrastructure

Industry

The economic structure of the city is shaped by the wood and metal processing industries. The largest employers are TPR (air, oil and fuel filters ) and the Sjemeć furniture factory .

Agriculture

Due to the high altitude, cattle breeding in the region around Rogatica is more profitable than arable farming.

The “Ergela” stud in Borike, founded in 1893, deals with the breeding of Bosnian mountain horses and pure-blooded Arabian horses and is the only one of its kind in former Yugoslavia. There is also a sheep breeding business in Borike with around 1,000 animals.

The company "Agrokombinat" AD and the cooperative "Solanum produkt" are working on the breeding of resistant potato varieties.

In the villages that are difficult to access, subsistence agriculture continues to play a major role.

traffic

Rogatica is located on the M19.1 main road that connects Sarajevo with Višegrad . The railway in the Prača Valley has been closed since 1978.

power supply

The municipality's power supply runs via a 110-kV transmission line from Višegrad and two 35-kV transmission lines from Višegrad and Sokolac, which only serve as a reserve. In 1950 the Mesići hydropower plant was built on the Prača in the Rogatica municipality. Nevertheless, some places are still without a connection to the power grid.

media

Rogatica has a private radio station, Radio 303 , but it only broadcasts four hours a day.

education

The central primary school "Sveti Sava", which includes five four-class and one eight-class (Borike) branch school, is attended by around 1,200 students, the middle school by around 500. There is also a kindergarten with around 180 places in the city.

There are no higher educational institutions in the community.

Sports

Several clubs are active under the umbrella of the Mladost sports community. The most successful include the women's handball team (Premijer Liga), men's basketball team and chess club (1st league RS) as well as the men's soccer team and women's volleyball team in the 2nd league RS.

In 1987 and 2007, Rogatica hosted the Međuopštinske omladinske sportske igre (MOSI), which has been held every year since 1954 between teams from around 30 cities and municipalities in the border region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro. The range of disciplines ranges from athletics and several ball sports to water sports and shooting sports.

At Ptičjak near Rogatica there is a motocross track, on which Yugoslav championships before the war and Bosnian championships since 2004 are held.

Personalities

• Mersad Selimbegović (* 1982), football player and coach
• Kemal Mešić (* 1985), shot putter
• Ibrahim Šehić (* 1988), football player

literature

• Mustafa Fejzić: Svjetlost i tama rogatičke historije , Sarajevo 2005

Web links

Commons : Rogatica  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Community website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://rzs.rs.ba/front/article/3630/ Updated population figures for 2018 from the Institute for Statistics of the Republika Srpska. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
2. ↑ the Jewish cemetery was laid out in 1900
3. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from June 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ http://www.rogatica-rs.com/BILTEN%201.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Patriot Magazine No. 131, August 23, 2004